A multi-objective optimization method based on an adaptive meta-model for classroom design with smart electrochromic windows

Electrochromic windows are one of the most promising technologies in smart windows. They offer flexible control of indoor thermal environments, lighting environments and energy. The classroom environment has an important impact on the health of primary and secondary school students, but a comfortabl...

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Vydáno v:	Energy (Oxford) Ročník 243; s. 122777
Hlavní autoři:	Xu, Yizhe, Yan, Chengchu, Yan, Shanhui, Liu, Huifang, Pan, Yan, Zhu, Faxing, Jiang, Yanlong
Médium:	Journal Article
Jazyk:	angličtina
Vydáno:	Oxford Elsevier Ltd 15.03.2022 Elsevier BV
Témata:	Algorithms Classrooms Daylighting Design Design optimization Electrochromism energy Energy consumption Envelope optimization Indoor environments Meta-model Model accuracy Multi-objective Multiple objective analysis Optimization School classroom secondary education Sensitivity analysis Smart electrochromic window Smart materials system optimization Thermal environments Windows (apertures) Meta-model Envelope optimization Multi-objective Smart electrochromic window School classroom
ISSN:	0360-5442, 1873-6785
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Abstract	Electrochromic windows are one of the most promising technologies in smart windows. They offer flexible control of indoor thermal environments, lighting environments and energy. The classroom environment has an important impact on the health of primary and secondary school students, but a comfortable indoor environment often requires high energy consumption. This paper presents a multi-objective optimization method for the application of electrochromic window technology to the envelope design of primary and secondary school classrooms. Based on an envelope design method that considers the daylighting windows and viewing windows separately, the feasibility and effect of electrochromic window technology in the classroom are discussed through sensitivity analysis. Then, an adaptive meta-model method is used to improve the model's accuracy and stability. Finally, a multi-objective optimization algorithm is coupled with the optimized meta-model to generate the optimal design scheme set. The proposed multi-objective optimization method is applied to a typical classroom case in Nanjing. The results show that compared with the traditional design scheme, the indicators (TES, TDM and UDINo) of the optimized schemes are improved. Among them, TES decreased by 254 kWh at most, TDM decreased by 119.3 h at most, and UDINo increased by 65.4% at most. •A multi-objective optimization method based on adaptive meta-model is presented.•Optimization considering daylighting, thermal comfort and energy saving.•The feasibility and effect of electrochromic window in classroom are discussed.•NSGA-II is applied to ANN model training and structure optimization.•The control strategy of electrochromic window in classroom is optimized.
AbstractList	Electrochromic windows are one of the most promising technologies in smart windows. They offer flexible control of indoor thermal environments, lighting environments and energy. The classroom environment has an important impact on the health of primary and secondary school students, but a comfortable indoor environment often requires high energy consumption. This paper presents a multi-objective optimization method for the application of electrochromic window technology to the envelope design of primary and secondary school classrooms. Based on an envelope design method that considers the daylighting windows and viewing windows separately, the feasibility and effect of electrochromic window technology in the classroom are discussed through sensitivity analysis. Then, an adaptive meta-model method is used to improve the model's accuracy and stability. Finally, a multi-objective optimization algorithm is coupled with the optimized meta-model to generate the optimal design scheme set. The proposed multi-objective optimization method is applied to a typical classroom case in Nanjing. The results show that compared with the traditional design scheme, the indicators (TES, TDM and UDINo) of the optimized schemes are improved. Among them, TES decreased by 254 kWh at most, TDM decreased by 119.3 h at most, and UDINo increased by 65.4% at most. Electrochromic windows are one of the most promising technologies in smart windows. They offer flexible control of indoor thermal environments, lighting environments and energy. The classroom environment has an important impact on the health of primary and secondary school students, but a comfortable indoor environment often requires high energy consumption. This paper presents a multi-objective optimization method for the application of electrochromic window technology to the envelope design of primary and secondary school classrooms. Based on an envelope design method that considers the daylighting windows and viewing windows separately, the feasibility and effect of electrochromic window technology in the classroom are discussed through sensitivity analysis. Then, an adaptive meta-model method is used to improve the model's accuracy and stability. Finally, a multi-objective optimization algorithm is coupled with the optimized meta-model to generate the optimal design scheme set. The proposed multi-objective optimization method is applied to a typical classroom case in Nanjing. The results show that compared with the traditional design scheme, the indicators (TES, TDM and UDINₒ) of the optimized schemes are improved. Among them, TES decreased by 254 kWh at most, TDM decreased by 119.3 h at most, and UDINₒ increased by 65.4% at most. Electrochromic windows are one of the most promising technologies in smart windows. They offer flexible control of indoor thermal environments, lighting environments and energy. The classroom environment has an important impact on the health of primary and secondary school students, but a comfortable indoor environment often requires high energy consumption. This paper presents a multi-objective optimization method for the application of electrochromic window technology to the envelope design of primary and secondary school classrooms. Based on an envelope design method that considers the daylighting windows and viewing windows separately, the feasibility and effect of electrochromic window technology in the classroom are discussed through sensitivity analysis. Then, an adaptive meta-model method is used to improve the model's accuracy and stability. Finally, a multi-objective optimization algorithm is coupled with the optimized meta-model to generate the optimal design scheme set. The proposed multi-objective optimization method is applied to a typical classroom case in Nanjing. The results show that compared with the traditional design scheme, the indicators (TES, TDM and UDINo) of the optimized schemes are improved. Among them, TES decreased by 254 kWh at most, TDM decreased by 119.3 h at most, and UDINo increased by 65.4% at most. •A multi-objective optimization method based on adaptive meta-model is presented.•Optimization considering daylighting, thermal comfort and energy saving.•The feasibility and effect of electrochromic window in classroom are discussed.•NSGA-II is applied to ANN model training and structure optimization.•The control strategy of electrochromic window in classroom is optimized.
ArticleNumber	122777
Author	Zhu, Faxing Xu, Yizhe Liu, Huifang Jiang, Yanlong Yan, Shanhui Yan, Chengchu Pan, Yan
Author_xml	– sequence: 1 givenname: Yizhe surname: Xu fullname: Xu, Yizhe organization: College of Urban Construction, Nanjing Tech University, No.200, North Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210009, China – sequence: 2 givenname: Chengchu surname: Yan fullname: Yan, Chengchu email: chengchu.yan@njtech.edu.cn organization: College of Urban Construction, Nanjing Tech University, No.200, North Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210009, China – sequence: 3 givenname: Shanhui surname: Yan fullname: Yan, Shanhui organization: Qinhuai Education Financial Assets Management Center, Nanjing, China – sequence: 4 givenname: Huifang surname: Liu fullname: Liu, Huifang organization: College of Urban Construction, Nanjing Tech University, No.200, North Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210009, China – sequence: 5 givenname: Yan orcidid: 0000-0002-6962-2997 surname: Pan fullname: Pan, Yan organization: Faculty of Science and Technology, Technological and Higher Education Institute of Hong Kong, Hong Kong – sequence: 6 givenname: Faxing surname: Zhu fullname: Zhu, Faxing organization: Key Laboratory of Aircraft Environment Control and Life Support, MIIT, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 29 Yudao Street, Nanjing, 210016, China – sequence: 7 givenname: Yanlong surname: Jiang fullname: Jiang, Yanlong organization: Key Laboratory of Aircraft Environment Control and Life Support, MIIT, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 29 Yudao Street, Nanjing, 210016, China
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Snippet	Electrochromic windows are one of the most promising technologies in smart windows. They offer flexible control of indoor thermal environments, lighting...
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SubjectTerms	Algorithms Classrooms Daylighting Design Design optimization Electrochromism energy Energy consumption Envelope optimization Indoor environments Meta-model Model accuracy Multi-objective Multiple objective analysis Optimization School classroom secondary education Sensitivity analysis Smart electrochromic window Smart materials system optimization Thermal environments Windows (apertures)
Title	A multi-objective optimization method based on an adaptive meta-model for classroom design with smart electrochromic windows
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