Digestive n‐6 Lipid Oxidation, a Key Trigger of Vascular Dysfunction and Atherosclerosis in the Western Diet: Protective Effects of Apple Polyphenols

Scope A main risk factor of atherosclerosis is a Western diet (WD) rich in n‐6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) sensitive to oxidation. Their oxidation can be initiated by heme iron of red meat leading to the formation of 4‐hydroxy‐2‐nonenal (4‐HNE), a cytotoxic aldehyde. An increased 4‐HNE produ...

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Published in:	Molecular nutrition & food research Vol. 65; no. 6; pp. e2000487 - n/a
Main Authors:	Bolea, Gaëtan, Philouze, Clothilde, Dubois, Mathilde, Risdon, Sydney, Humberclaude, Anaïs, Ginies, Christian, Charles, Anne‐Laure, Geny, Bernard, Reboul, Cyril, Arnaud, Claire, Dufour, Claire, Meyer, Grégory
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	Hoboken Wiley Subscription Services, Inc 01.03.2021 Wiley-VCH Verlag
Subjects:	4‐hydroxy‐2‐nonenal Aldehydes Antioxidants Apolipoprotein E Apples Arteriosclerosis Atherosclerosis Biochemistry Biochemistry, Molecular Biology Cell Behavior Cellular Biology Cytotoxicity Diet Digestion endothelial function Fatty acids Food and Nutrition food research Fruits Heme heme iron Life Sciences Lipid peroxidation Lipids Low density lipoprotein Meat omega-6 fatty acids Oxidation Oxidative stress Phenolic compounds Phenols Polyphenols Polyunsaturated fatty acids Proanthocyanidins red meat Risk analysis Risk factors Western diet Western diets atherosclerosis endothelial function polyphenols 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal Western diet
ISSN:	1613-4125, 1613-4133, 1613-4133
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Summary:	Scope A main risk factor of atherosclerosis is a Western diet (WD) rich in n‐6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) sensitive to oxidation. Their oxidation can be initiated by heme iron of red meat leading to the formation of 4‐hydroxy‐2‐nonenal (4‐HNE), a cytotoxic aldehyde. An increased 4‐HNE production is implicated in endothelial dysfunction and atherosclerosis. By contrast, a diet rich in proanthocyanidins reduces oxidative stress and arterial diseases. This study evaluates the effects of a WD on vascular integrity in ApolipoproteinE (ApoE−/−) mice and the protective capacity of apple extract and puree rich in antioxidant proanthocyanidins. Methods and results ApoE‐/‐ mice are fed during 12 weeks with a WD with or without n‐6 PUFAs. Moreover, two WD + n‐6 PUFAs groups are supplemented with apple puree or phenolic extract. An increase in digestive 4‐HNE production associated with a rise in plasmatic 4‐HNE and oxidized LDL concentrations is reported. Oxidizable n‐6 PUFAs consumption is associated with a worsened endothelial dysfunction and atherosclerosis. Interestingly, supplementations with apple polyphenol extract or puree prevented these impairments while reducing oxidative stress. Conclusion n‐6 lipid oxidation during digestion may be a key factor of vascular impairments. Nevertheless, an antioxidant strategy can limit 4‐HNE formation during digestion and thus durably protect vascular function. A Western diet rich in n‐6 polyunsaturated fatty acids was responsible for a higher lipid oxidation resulting in increased digestive and plasmatic concentrations of 4‐hydroxy‐2‐nonenal concentrations in Apolipoprotein‐/‐ mice. A subsequent impairment of vascular function and an increase in atherosclerosis development were observed. A polyphenol supplementation (apple) was further demonstrated to inhibit lipid oxidation during digestion and prevent vascular impairments.
Bibliography:	ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 14 content type line 23
ISSN:	1613-4125 1613-4133 1613-4133
DOI:	10.1002/mnfr.202000487