Is there a role for gut microbiota in type 1 diabetes pathogenesis?

Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1D) is an autoimmune disease characterized by insufficient insulin production due to the destruction of insulin secreting β-cells in the Langerhans islets. A variety of factors, including chemicals, viruses, commensal bacteria and diet have been proposed to contribute to t...

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Veröffentlicht in:	Annals of medicine (Helsinki) Jg. 49; H. 1; S. 11 - 22
Hauptverfasser:	Bibbò, Stefano, Dore, Maria Pina, Pes, Giovanni Mario, Delitala, Giuseppe, Delitala, Alessandro P.
Format:	Journal Article
Sprache:	Englisch
Veröffentlicht:	England Taylor & Francis 02.01.2017
Schlagworte:	Animals autoimmunity Autoimmunity - physiology Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 - immunology Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 - microbiology Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 - physiopathology Diet - adverse effects Dysbiosis Dysbiosis - immunology Gastrointestinal Microbiome - immunology gut permeability Humans Insulin-Secreting Cells - immunology Insulin-Secreting Cells - pathology Intestines - immunology Intestines - microbiology Microbiota Models, Animal Permeability prevention probiotic Probiotics - therapeutic use therapy type 1 diabetes mellitus type 1 diabetes mellitus probiotic autoimmunity gut permeability therapy Dysbiosis prevention
ISSN:	0785-3890, 1365-2060, 1365-2060
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Abstract	Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1D) is an autoimmune disease characterized by insufficient insulin production due to the destruction of insulin secreting β-cells in the Langerhans islets. A variety of factors, including chemicals, viruses, commensal bacteria and diet have been proposed to contribute to the risk of developing the disorder. In the last years, gut microbiota has been proposed as a main factor in T1D pathogenesis. Several alterations of gut microbiota composition were described both in animal model and in humans. The decrease of Firmicutes/Bacteroides ratio was the most frequent pattern described, in particular, in human studies. Furthermore, Bacteroides, Clostridium cluster XIVa, Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium, and Prevotella relative abundances were different in healthy and affected subjects. Dysbiosis would seem to increase intestinal permeability and thus promote the development of a pro-inflammatory niche that stimulates β-cell autoimmunity in predisposed subjects. Preliminary studies on animal models were realized to investigate the role of gut microbiota modulation as therapy or prevention approach in predisposed animals: promising and stimulating results have been reported. Key message Dietary antigens and microbiota-derived products might act as triggers of T1D by causing a pro-inflammatory and metabolic dysfunctional environment.
AbstractList	Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1D) is an autoimmune disease characterized by insufficient insulin production due to the destruction of insulin secreting β-cells in the Langerhans islets. A variety of factors, including chemicals, viruses, commensal bacteria and diet have been proposed to contribute to the risk of developing the disorder. In the last years, gut microbiota has been proposed as a main factor in T1D pathogenesis. Several alterations of gut microbiota composition were described both in animal model and in humans. The decrease of Firmicutes/Bacteroides ratio was the most frequent pattern described, in particular, in human studies. Furthermore, Bacteroides, Clostridium cluster XIVa, Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium, and Prevotella relative abundances were different in healthy and affected subjects. Dysbiosis would seem to increase intestinal permeability and thus promote the development of a pro-inflammatory niche that stimulates β-cell autoimmunity in predisposed subjects. Preliminary studies on animal models were realized to investigate the role of gut microbiota modulation as therapy or prevention approach in predisposed animals: promising and stimulating results have been reported. Key message Dietary antigens and microbiota-derived products might act as triggers of T1D by causing a pro-inflammatory and metabolic dysfunctional environment. Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1D) is an autoimmune disease characterized by insufficient insulin production due to the destruction of insulin secreting β-cells in the Langerhans islets. A variety of factors, including chemicals, viruses, commensal bacteria and diet have been proposed to contribute to the risk of developing the disorder. In the last years, gut microbiota has been proposed as a main factor in T1D pathogenesis. Several alterations of gut microbiota composition were described both in animal model and in humans. The decrease of Firmicutes/Bacteroides ratio was the most frequent pattern described, in particular, in human studies. Furthermore, Bacteroides, Clostridium cluster XIVa, Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium, and Prevotella relative abundances were different in healthy and affected subjects. Dysbiosis would seem to increase intestinal permeability and thus promote the development of a pro-inflammatory niche that stimulates β-cell autoimmunity in predisposed subjects. Preliminary studies on animal models were realized to investigate the role of gut microbiota modulation as therapy or prevention approach in predisposed animals: promising and stimulating results have been reported. Key message Dietary antigens and microbiota-derived products might act as triggers of T1D by causing a pro-inflammatory and metabolic dysfunctional environment. Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1D) is an autoimmune disease characterized by insufficient insulin production due to the destruction of insulin secreting β-cells in the Langerhans islets. A variety of factors, including chemicals, viruses, commensal bacteria and diet have been proposed to contribute to the risk of developing the disorder. In the last years, gut microbiota has been proposed as a main factor in T1D pathogenesis. Several alterations of gut microbiota composition were described both in animal model and in humans. The decrease of Firmicutes/Bacteroides ratio was the most frequent pattern described, in particular, in human studies. Furthermore, Bacteroides, Clostridium cluster XIVa, Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium, and Prevotella relative abundances were different in healthy and affected subjects. Dysbiosis would seem to increase intestinal permeability and thus promote the development of a pro-inflammatory niche that stimulates β-cell autoimmunity in predisposed subjects. Preliminary studies on animal models were realized to investigate the role of gut microbiota modulation as therapy or prevention approach in predisposed animals: promising and stimulating results have been reported. Key message Dietary antigens and microbiota-derived products might act as triggers of T1D by causing a pro-inflammatory and metabolic dysfunctional environment.Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1D) is an autoimmune disease characterized by insufficient insulin production due to the destruction of insulin secreting β-cells in the Langerhans islets. A variety of factors, including chemicals, viruses, commensal bacteria and diet have been proposed to contribute to the risk of developing the disorder. In the last years, gut microbiota has been proposed as a main factor in T1D pathogenesis. Several alterations of gut microbiota composition were described both in animal model and in humans. The decrease of Firmicutes/Bacteroides ratio was the most frequent pattern described, in particular, in human studies. Furthermore, Bacteroides, Clostridium cluster XIVa, Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium, and Prevotella relative abundances were different in healthy and affected subjects. Dysbiosis would seem to increase intestinal permeability and thus promote the development of a pro-inflammatory niche that stimulates β-cell autoimmunity in predisposed subjects. Preliminary studies on animal models were realized to investigate the role of gut microbiota modulation as therapy or prevention approach in predisposed animals: promising and stimulating results have been reported. Key message Dietary antigens and microbiota-derived products might act as triggers of T1D by causing a pro-inflammatory and metabolic dysfunctional environment.
Author	Delitala, Giuseppe Pes, Giovanni Mario Delitala, Alessandro P. Bibbò, Stefano Dore, Maria Pina
Author_xml	– sequence: 1 givenname: Stefano surname: Bibbò fullname: Bibbò, Stefano organization: Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Sassari – sequence: 2 givenname: Maria Pina surname: Dore fullname: Dore, Maria Pina organization: Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Sassari – sequence: 3 givenname: Giovanni Mario surname: Pes fullname: Pes, Giovanni Mario organization: Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Sassari – sequence: 4 givenname: Giuseppe surname: Delitala fullname: Delitala, Giuseppe organization: Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Sassari – sequence: 5 givenname: Alessandro P. surname: Delitala fullname: Delitala, Alessandro P. email: aledelitala@tiscali.it organization: Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Sassari
BackLink	https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27499366$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed
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Snippet	Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1D) is an autoimmune disease characterized by insufficient insulin production due to the destruction of insulin secreting β-cells in...
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SubjectTerms	Animals autoimmunity Autoimmunity - physiology Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 - immunology Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 - microbiology Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 - physiopathology Diet - adverse effects Dysbiosis Dysbiosis - immunology Gastrointestinal Microbiome - immunology gut permeability Humans Insulin-Secreting Cells - immunology Insulin-Secreting Cells - pathology Intestines - immunology Intestines - microbiology Microbiota Models, Animal Permeability prevention probiotic Probiotics - therapeutic use therapy type 1 diabetes mellitus
Title	Is there a role for gut microbiota in type 1 diabetes pathogenesis?
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