Managing Surcharge Risk in Strategic Fleet Deployment: A Partial Relaxed MIP Model Framework with a Case Study on China-Built Ships

Container liner shipping companies operate within a complex environment where they must balance profitability and service reliability. Meanwhile, evolving regulatory policies, such as surcharges imposed on ships of a particular origin or type on specific trade lanes, introduce new operational challe...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:	Applied sciences Vol. 15; no. 15; p. 8582
Main Authors:	Tao, Yanmeng, Yang, Ying, Wang, Shuaian
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	Basel MDPI AG 01.08.2025
Subjects:	bi-objective mixed-integer programming model Case studies Coal container liner shipping Costs Decision making Energy consumption Integer programming International trade Linear programming Mathematical programming operational surcharges Optimization Pareto frontier Ports Profit maximization Profits risk management Ships totally unimodular Trade restrictions US exports Variables United States > US China
ISSN:	2076-3417, 2076-3417
Online Access:	Get full text
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