An Unequal Multi-hop Balanced Immune Clustering protocol for wireless sensor networks
[Display omitted] •An Unequal Multi-hop Balanced Immune Clustering protocol (UMBIC) is proposed.•UMBIC solves the hot spot problem and improves the lifetime of networks.•UMBIC adjusts the intra-cluster and inter-cluster energy dissipation of clusters.•UMBIC utilizes the multi-objective immune algori...
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| Published in: | Applied soft computing Vol. 43; pp. 372 - 389 |
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| Main Authors: | , , , |
| Format: | Journal Article |
| Language: | English |
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Elsevier B.V
01.06.2016
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| ISSN: | 1568-4946, 1872-9681 |
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| Abstract | [Display omitted]
•An Unequal Multi-hop Balanced Immune Clustering protocol (UMBIC) is proposed.•UMBIC solves the hot spot problem and improves the lifetime of networks.•UMBIC adjusts the intra-cluster and inter-cluster energy dissipation of clusters.•UMBIC utilizes the multi-objective immune algorithm to finds the optimum clusters.•Simulation experiments were conducted in MATLAB correctly.
In multi-hop routing, cluster heads near the base station act as relays for far cluster heads and thus will deplete their energy very quickly. Thus, hot spots in the sensor field result. This paper introduces a new clustering algorithm named an Unequal Multi-hop Balanced Immune Clustering protocol (UMBIC) to solve the hot spot problem and improve the lifetime of small and large scale/homogeneous and heterogeneous wireless sensor networks with different densities. UMBIC protocol utilizes the Unequal Clustering Mechanism (UCM) and the Multi-Objective Immune Algorithm (MOIA) to adjust the intra-cluster and inter-cluster energy consumption. The UCM is used to partition the network into clusters of unequal size based on distance with reference to base station and residual energy. While the MOIA constructs an optimum clusters and a routing tree among them based on covering the entire sensor field, ensuring the connectivity among nodes and minimizing the communication cost of all nodes. The UMBIC protocol rotates the role of cluster heads among the nodes only if the residual energy of one of the current cluster heads less than the energy threshold, as a result the time computational and overheads are saved. Simulation results show that, compared with other protocols, the UMBIC protocol can effectively improve the network lifetime, solve the hot spot problem and balance the energy consumption among all nodes in the network. Moreover, it has less overheads and computational complexity. |
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| AbstractList | [Display omitted]
•An Unequal Multi-hop Balanced Immune Clustering protocol (UMBIC) is proposed.•UMBIC solves the hot spot problem and improves the lifetime of networks.•UMBIC adjusts the intra-cluster and inter-cluster energy dissipation of clusters.•UMBIC utilizes the multi-objective immune algorithm to finds the optimum clusters.•Simulation experiments were conducted in MATLAB correctly.
In multi-hop routing, cluster heads near the base station act as relays for far cluster heads and thus will deplete their energy very quickly. Thus, hot spots in the sensor field result. This paper introduces a new clustering algorithm named an Unequal Multi-hop Balanced Immune Clustering protocol (UMBIC) to solve the hot spot problem and improve the lifetime of small and large scale/homogeneous and heterogeneous wireless sensor networks with different densities. UMBIC protocol utilizes the Unequal Clustering Mechanism (UCM) and the Multi-Objective Immune Algorithm (MOIA) to adjust the intra-cluster and inter-cluster energy consumption. The UCM is used to partition the network into clusters of unequal size based on distance with reference to base station and residual energy. While the MOIA constructs an optimum clusters and a routing tree among them based on covering the entire sensor field, ensuring the connectivity among nodes and minimizing the communication cost of all nodes. The UMBIC protocol rotates the role of cluster heads among the nodes only if the residual energy of one of the current cluster heads less than the energy threshold, as a result the time computational and overheads are saved. Simulation results show that, compared with other protocols, the UMBIC protocol can effectively improve the network lifetime, solve the hot spot problem and balance the energy consumption among all nodes in the network. Moreover, it has less overheads and computational complexity. |
| Author | Sabor, Nabil Ahmed, Sabah M. Sasaki, Shigenobu Abo-Zahhad, Mohammed |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Nabil surname: Sabor fullname: Sabor, Nabil email: nabil_sabor@aun.edu.eg organization: Electrical and Electronics Engineering Department Faculty of Engineering, Assiut University, Assiut 71516, Egypt – sequence: 2 givenname: Mohammed surname: Abo-Zahhad fullname: Abo-Zahhad, Mohammed email: zahhad@yahoo.com organization: Electrical and Electronics Engineering Department Faculty of Engineering, Assiut University, Assiut 71516, Egypt – sequence: 3 givenname: Shigenobu surname: Sasaki fullname: Sasaki, Shigenobu email: shinsasaki@ieee.org organization: Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Niigata University, Niigata 950-2181, Japan – sequence: 4 givenname: Sabah M. surname: Ahmed fullname: Ahmed, Sabah M. email: sabahma@yahoo.com organization: Electrical and Electronics Engineering Department Faculty of Engineering, Assiut University, Assiut 71516, Egypt |
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| References | Abo-Zahhad, Ahmed, Sabor, Al-Ajlouni (bib0210) 2010; 4 Heinzelman, Chandrakasan, Balakrishnan (bib0130) 2002; 1 Chang-Jiang, Wei-Ren, Xian-Lun, Ping, Min (bib0180) 2012; 23 Zhang, Liu, Wu (bib0170) 2014; 10 Hari, Johnson (bib0240) 2013; 2 Chen, Li, Ye, Wu (bib0160) 2009; 15 Xiaobing, Guihai, Das (bib0185) 2006 Sabet, Naji (bib0150) 2015; 69 Wu, Wang, Wang, Dong, Yan (bib0225) 2012; 56 Chen, Zhang, Li, Hao, Fang (bib0135) 2011; 8 Fabio, Coello, Repetto (bib0195) 2009 Jyotishree (bib0250) 2012; 2 Lu (bib0200) 2009 Ghosh, Das (bib0235) 2008; 4 Mao, Zhao, Zhou, Ye (bib0175) 2013; 18 Hari, Ramachandran, Johnson (bib0165) 2013 Chengfa, Mao, Guihai, Jie (bib0155) 2005 Abo-Zahhad, Ahmed, Sabor, Sasaki (bib0140) 2014; 5 Lu, Ding, Hao (bib0215) 2011; 12 Wang (bib0230) 2011; 43 Abo-Zahhad, Ahmed, Al-Ajlouni, Sabor (bib0205) 2010; 3 Yao, Jiang (bib0220) 2015; 86 Chen, Yang, Cheng (bib0190) 2009 Yu, Qi, Wang, Gu (bib0145) 2012; 66 Bagci, Yazici (bib0245) 2013; 13 Fabio (10.1016/j.asoc.2016.02.016_bib0195) 2009 Chen (10.1016/j.asoc.2016.02.016_bib0135) 2011; 8 Abo-Zahhad (10.1016/j.asoc.2016.02.016_bib0210) 2010; 4 Chen (10.1016/j.asoc.2016.02.016_bib0160) 2009; 15 Zhang (10.1016/j.asoc.2016.02.016_bib0170) 2014; 10 Abo-Zahhad (10.1016/j.asoc.2016.02.016_bib0205) 2010; 3 Yao (10.1016/j.asoc.2016.02.016_bib0220) 2015; 86 Wang (10.1016/j.asoc.2016.02.016_bib0230) 2011; 43 Hari (10.1016/j.asoc.2016.02.016_bib0165) 2013 Sabet (10.1016/j.asoc.2016.02.016_bib0150) 2015; 69 Ghosh (10.1016/j.asoc.2016.02.016_bib0235) 2008; 4 Xiaobing (10.1016/j.asoc.2016.02.016_bib0185) 2006 Lu (10.1016/j.asoc.2016.02.016_bib0215) 2011; 12 Heinzelman (10.1016/j.asoc.2016.02.016_bib0130) 2002; 1 Wu (10.1016/j.asoc.2016.02.016_bib0225) 2012; 56 Abo-Zahhad (10.1016/j.asoc.2016.02.016_bib0140) 2014; 5 Chengfa (10.1016/j.asoc.2016.02.016_bib0155) 2005 Lu (10.1016/j.asoc.2016.02.016_bib0200) 2009 Yu (10.1016/j.asoc.2016.02.016_bib0145) 2012; 66 Chen (10.1016/j.asoc.2016.02.016_bib0190) 2009 Mao (10.1016/j.asoc.2016.02.016_bib0175) 2013; 18 Chang-Jiang (10.1016/j.asoc.2016.02.016_bib0180) 2012; 23 Jyotishree (10.1016/j.asoc.2016.02.016_bib0250) 2012; 2 Hari (10.1016/j.asoc.2016.02.016_bib0240) 2013; 2 Bagci (10.1016/j.asoc.2016.02.016_bib0245) 2013; 13 |
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| SubjectTerms | Homogeneous and heterogeneous networks Hot spot problem Multi-hop routing Multi-objective immune algorithm Unequal clustering |
| Title | An Unequal Multi-hop Balanced Immune Clustering protocol for wireless sensor networks |
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