Generating algorithm for integer DST radixes in video coding

•A cost function comprising orthogonality metric and accuracy metric is established.•A generic method is proposed to generate complete integer DST radixes.•A basis superior over HEVC’s is revealed for the first time. Recently released H.265 is the new generation video coding standard established by...

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Vydáno v:	Journal of visual communication and image representation Ročník 25; číslo 8; s. 1918 - 1921
Hlavní autoři:	Wang, Zhongyuan, Chang, Jun, Hu, Ruimin, Zhong, Rui
Médium:	Journal Article
Jazyk:	angličtina
Vydáno:	Amsterdam Elsevier Inc 01.11.2014 Elsevier
Témata:	Algorithms Applied sciences Artificial intelligence Chinese AVS2 Coding Coding, codes Computer science; control theory; systems Exact sciences and technology H.265 Information, signal and communications theory Integer DST Integer transform Integers Intra coding Orthogonality Pattern recognition. Digital image processing. Computational geometry Searching Signal and communications theory Strategy Tasks Telecommunications and information theory Transform radix Transforms Type-7 DST Video coding Video coding Type-7 DST Transform radix Integer transform H.265 Chinese AVS2 Integer DST Intra coding Capability index Search strategy Arithmetics Discrete transformation Orthogonality Integer matrix Constrained optimization Experimental result Image coding Heuristic method Chinese Matrix method Metric ISO standard
ISSN:	1047-3203, 1095-9076
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Abstract	•A cost function comprising orthogonality metric and accuracy metric is established.•A generic method is proposed to generate complete integer DST radixes.•A basis superior over HEVC’s is revealed for the first time. Recently released H.265 is the new generation video coding standard established by ITU and ISO jointly. H.265 is the first to apply discrete sine transform (DST) to transform unit in intra prediction block, with it implemented in an integer transform approach. Given that the integer transform radixes of DST are not unique, it is a key task to seek for them possessing strong de-correlation capability and simple arithmetic calculation as well. This paper presents a generic generating algorithm for integer DST transform radixes through a deep insight into the principle of integer DST transform. Subject to three essential constraints on integer transform matrix, this method establishes a cost function comprising orthogonality metric and accuracy metric with respect to entries of a 4×4 matrix, and then seeks transform radixes via a heuristic search strategy. Experimental results show that our method can find out a set of DST radixes after dozens of search steps. The revealed DST radixes not only cover the one used by H.265 but also include a basis superior over H.265’s in terms of orthogonality and precision.
AbstractList	Recently released H.265 is the new generation video coding standard established by ITU and ISO jointly. H.265 is the first to apply discrete sine transform (DST) to transform unit in intra prediction block, with it implemented in an integer transform approach. Given that the integer transform radixes of DST are not unique, it is a key task to seek for them possessing strong de-correlation capability and simple arithmetic calculation as well. This paper presents a generic generating algorithm for integer DST transform radixes through a deep insight into the principle of integer DST transform. Subject to three essential constraints on integer transform matrix, this method establishes a cost function comprising orthogonality metric and accuracy metric with respect to entries of a 4 4 matrix, and then seeks transform radixes via a heuristic search strategy. Experimental results show that our method can find out a set of DST radixes after dozens of search steps. The revealed DST radixes not only cover the one used by H.265 but also include a basis superior over H.265's in terms of orthogonality and precision. •A cost function comprising orthogonality metric and accuracy metric is established.•A generic method is proposed to generate complete integer DST radixes.•A basis superior over HEVC’s is revealed for the first time. Recently released H.265 is the new generation video coding standard established by ITU and ISO jointly. H.265 is the first to apply discrete sine transform (DST) to transform unit in intra prediction block, with it implemented in an integer transform approach. Given that the integer transform radixes of DST are not unique, it is a key task to seek for them possessing strong de-correlation capability and simple arithmetic calculation as well. This paper presents a generic generating algorithm for integer DST transform radixes through a deep insight into the principle of integer DST transform. Subject to three essential constraints on integer transform matrix, this method establishes a cost function comprising orthogonality metric and accuracy metric with respect to entries of a 4×4 matrix, and then seeks transform radixes via a heuristic search strategy. Experimental results show that our method can find out a set of DST radixes after dozens of search steps. The revealed DST radixes not only cover the one used by H.265 but also include a basis superior over H.265’s in terms of orthogonality and precision.
Author	Hu, Ruimin Zhong, Rui Chang, Jun Wang, Zhongyuan
Author_xml	– sequence: 1 givenname: Zhongyuan surname: Wang fullname: Wang, Zhongyuan email: wzy_hope@163.com organization: National Engineering Research Center for Multimedia Software and School of Computer, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China – sequence: 2 givenname: Jun surname: Chang fullname: Chang, Jun email: changmy0@163.com organization: School of Computer, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China – sequence: 3 givenname: Ruimin surname: Hu fullname: Hu, Ruimin email: hrm1964@163.com organization: National Engineering Research Center for Multimedia Software and School of Computer, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China – sequence: 4 givenname: Rui surname: Zhong fullname: Zhong, Rui email: zhongrui0824@126.com organization: National Engineering Research Center for Multimedia Software and School of Computer, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
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Keywords	Video coding Type-7 DST Transform radix Integer transform H.265 Chinese AVS2 Integer DST Intra coding Capability index Search strategy Arithmetics Discrete transformation Orthogonality Integer matrix Constrained optimization Experimental result Image coding Heuristic method Chinese Matrix method Metric ISO standard
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References	A. Saxena, F. Fernandes, CE7: Mode-Dependent DCT/DST without 4 4 Full Matrix Multiplication for Intra Prediction, JCTVC-E125, Geneva, March 2011. AVS Proposal, Technical Requirements for the Next Generation of AVS Video Coding Standard, N1924, Beijing, December 2012. J. Han, A. Saxena, K. Rose, Towards jointly optimal spatial prediction and adaptive transform in video/image coding, in: IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing (ICASSP), March 2010, pp. 726–729. A. Saxena, F. Fernandes, CE7: Mode-Dependent DCT/DST for Intra Prediction in Video Coding, JCTVC-D033, Daegu, Korea, January 2011. × Saxena, Fernandes (b0030) 2013; 22 A. Saxena, F. Fernandes, Jointly Optimal Intra Prediction and Adaptive Primary Transform, ITU-T JCTVC-C108, Guangzhou, China, October 2010. ITU-T Recommendation H.264 & ISO/IEC 14496-10 AVC, Advanced Video Coding for Generic Audiovisual Services, 2003. ITU-T Recommendation H.265 & ISO/IEC HEVC, High Efficiency Video Coding, 2013. A. Saxena, F. Fernandes, Mode dependent DCT/DST for intra prediction in block-based image/video coding, in: IEEE International Conference on Image Processing (ICIP), 2011, pp. 1685–1688. 10.1016/j.jvcir.2014.08.008_b0040 Saxena (10.1016/j.jvcir.2014.08.008_b0030) 2013; 22 10.1016/j.jvcir.2014.08.008_b0010 10.1016/j.jvcir.2014.08.008_b0055 10.1016/j.jvcir.2014.08.008_b0045 10.1016/j.jvcir.2014.08.008_b0025 10.1016/j.jvcir.2014.08.008_b0015 10.1016/j.jvcir.2014.08.008_b0005 10.1016/j.jvcir.2014.08.008_b0050
References_xml	– volume: 22 start-page: 3974 year: 2013 end-page: 3981 ident: b0030 article-title: DCT/DST-based transform coding for intra prediction in image/video coding publication-title: IEEE Trans. Image Process. – reference: AVS Proposal, Technical Requirements for the Next Generation of AVS Video Coding Standard, N1924, Beijing, December 2012. – reference: J. Han, A. Saxena, K. Rose, Towards jointly optimal spatial prediction and adaptive transform in video/image coding, in: IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing (ICASSP), March 2010, pp. 726–729. – reference: ITU-T Recommendation H.265 & ISO/IEC HEVC, High Efficiency Video Coding, 2013. – reference: A. Saxena, F. Fernandes, Jointly Optimal Intra Prediction and Adaptive Primary Transform, ITU-T JCTVC-C108, Guangzhou, China, October 2010. – reference: 4 Full Matrix Multiplication for Intra Prediction, JCTVC-E125, Geneva, March 2011. – reference: × – reference: A. Saxena, F. Fernandes, CE7: Mode-Dependent DCT/DST without 4 – reference: A. Saxena, F. Fernandes, Mode dependent DCT/DST for intra prediction in block-based image/video coding, in: IEEE International Conference on Image Processing (ICIP), 2011, pp. 1685–1688. – reference: A. Saxena, F. Fernandes, CE7: Mode-Dependent DCT/DST for Intra Prediction in Video Coding, JCTVC-D033, Daegu, Korea, January 2011. – reference: ITU-T Recommendation H.264 & ISO/IEC 14496-10 AVC, Advanced Video Coding for Generic Audiovisual Services, 2003. – ident: 10.1016/j.jvcir.2014.08.008_b0055 doi: 10.1109/ICIP.2011.6115780 – ident: 10.1016/j.jvcir.2014.08.008_b0040 – ident: 10.1016/j.jvcir.2014.08.008_b0005 – ident: 10.1016/j.jvcir.2014.08.008_b0015 doi: 10.1109/ICASSP.2010.5495043 – ident: 10.1016/j.jvcir.2014.08.008_b0050 – ident: 10.1016/j.jvcir.2014.08.008_b0025 doi: 10.1109/ICIP.2011.6115780 – ident: 10.1016/j.jvcir.2014.08.008_b0045 – ident: 10.1016/j.jvcir.2014.08.008_b0010 – volume: 22 start-page: 3974 issue: 10 year: 2013 ident: 10.1016/j.jvcir.2014.08.008_b0030 article-title: DCT/DST-based transform coding for intra prediction in image/video coding publication-title: IEEE Trans. Image Process. doi: 10.1109/TIP.2013.2265882
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Snippet	•A cost function comprising orthogonality metric and accuracy metric is established.•A generic method is proposed to generate complete integer DST radixes.•A... Recently released H.265 is the new generation video coding standard established by ITU and ISO jointly. H.265 is the first to apply discrete sine transform...
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SubjectTerms	Algorithms Applied sciences Artificial intelligence Chinese AVS2 Coding Coding, codes Computer science; control theory; systems Exact sciences and technology H.265 Information, signal and communications theory Integer DST Integer transform Integers Intra coding Orthogonality Pattern recognition. Digital image processing. Computational geometry Searching Signal and communications theory Strategy Tasks Telecommunications and information theory Transform radix Transforms Type-7 DST Video coding
Title	Generating algorithm for integer DST radixes in video coding
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