SG-PBFT: A secure and highly efficient distributed blockchain PBFT consensus algorithm for intelligent Internet of vehicles

•Our algorithm is more efficient, has less communication overhead, and has greater throughput than the original PBFT algorithm.•We propose a Vehicle - Service Provider - Roadside Unit architecture to ensure the orderliness and safety of vehicles.•We propose an identity authentication scheme based on...

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Vydáno v:Journal of parallel and distributed computing Ročník 164; s. 1 - 11
Hlavní autoři: Xu, Guangquan, Bai, Hongpeng, Xing, Jun, Luo, Tao, Xiong, Neal N., Cheng, Xiaochun, Liu, Shaoying, Zheng, Xi
Médium: Journal Article
Jazyk:angličtina
Vydáno: Elsevier Inc 01.06.2022
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ISSN:0743-7315, 1096-0848
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Abstract •Our algorithm is more efficient, has less communication overhead, and has greater throughput than the original PBFT algorithm.•We propose a Vehicle - Service Provider - Roadside Unit architecture to ensure the orderliness and safety of vehicles.•We propose an identity authentication scheme based on blockchain.•Experimental results demonstrate that our solution is better than PBFT, G-PBFT and CPBFT. As an application of Internet of Things (IoT) technology, the Internet of Vehicles (IoV) faces two main security issues: (1) the central server of the IoV may not be powerful enough to support the centralized authentication of the rapidly increasing connected vehicles, (2) the IoV itself may not be robust enough to single-node attacks. To address these issues, in this paper, we propose SG-PBFT (Score Grouping-PBFT), a secure and efficient distributed consensus algorithm for blockchain applications in the IoV. The distributed structure can reduce the pressure on the central server and decrease the risk of single-node attacks. The SG-PBFT consensus algorithm improves the traditional practical Byzantine fault tolerance (PBFT) consensus algorithm by optimizing the PBFT consensus process and using a score grouping mechanism to achieve a higher consensus efficiency. The experimental results show that the method can greatly improve the consistency efficiency and effectively prevent single-node attacks. Specifically, when the number of consensus nodes reaches 1000, the consensus time of our algorithm is only about 27% of what is required for the state-of-the-art PBFT consensus algorithm. Our proposed SG-PBFT algorithm is versatile and can be used in other application scenarios which require high consensus efficiency.
AbstractList •Our algorithm is more efficient, has less communication overhead, and has greater throughput than the original PBFT algorithm.•We propose a Vehicle - Service Provider - Roadside Unit architecture to ensure the orderliness and safety of vehicles.•We propose an identity authentication scheme based on blockchain.•Experimental results demonstrate that our solution is better than PBFT, G-PBFT and CPBFT. As an application of Internet of Things (IoT) technology, the Internet of Vehicles (IoV) faces two main security issues: (1) the central server of the IoV may not be powerful enough to support the centralized authentication of the rapidly increasing connected vehicles, (2) the IoV itself may not be robust enough to single-node attacks. To address these issues, in this paper, we propose SG-PBFT (Score Grouping-PBFT), a secure and efficient distributed consensus algorithm for blockchain applications in the IoV. The distributed structure can reduce the pressure on the central server and decrease the risk of single-node attacks. The SG-PBFT consensus algorithm improves the traditional practical Byzantine fault tolerance (PBFT) consensus algorithm by optimizing the PBFT consensus process and using a score grouping mechanism to achieve a higher consensus efficiency. The experimental results show that the method can greatly improve the consistency efficiency and effectively prevent single-node attacks. Specifically, when the number of consensus nodes reaches 1000, the consensus time of our algorithm is only about 27% of what is required for the state-of-the-art PBFT consensus algorithm. Our proposed SG-PBFT algorithm is versatile and can be used in other application scenarios which require high consensus efficiency.
Author Luo, Tao
Xiong, Neal N.
Xu, Guangquan
Liu, Shaoying
Bai, Hongpeng
Zheng, Xi
Xing, Jun
Cheng, Xiaochun
Author_xml – sequence: 1
  givenname: Guangquan
  surname: Xu
  fullname: Xu, Guangquan
  email: losin@tju.edu.cn
  organization: Big Data School, Qingdao Huanghai University, Qingdao, China
– sequence: 2
  givenname: Hongpeng
  surname: Bai
  fullname: Bai, Hongpeng
  email: a1213175060@gmail.com
  organization: Tianjin Key Laboratory of Advanced Networking (TANK), College of Intelligence and Computing, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
– sequence: 3
  givenname: Jun
  surname: Xing
  fullname: Xing, Jun
  email: fumulan_cn@163.com
  organization: Big Data School, Qingdao Huanghai University, Qingdao, China
– sequence: 4
  givenname: Tao
  surname: Luo
  fullname: Luo, Tao
  email: luo_tao@tju.edu.cn
  organization: Tianjin Key Laboratory of Advanced Networking (TANK), College of Intelligence and Computing, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
– sequence: 5
  givenname: Neal N.
  surname: Xiong
  fullname: Xiong, Neal N.
  email: xiongnaixue@gmail.com
  organization: Department of Computer Science and Mathematics, Sul Ross State University, Alpine, TX 79830, USA
– sequence: 6
  givenname: Xiaochun
  surname: Cheng
  fullname: Cheng, Xiaochun
  email: x.cheng@mdx.ac.uk
  organization: Middlesex University, UK
– sequence: 7
  givenname: Shaoying
  surname: Liu
  fullname: Liu, Shaoying
  email: sliu@hiroshima-u.ac.jp
  organization: School of Informatics and Data Science, Hiroshima University, Japan
– sequence: 8
  givenname: Xi
  surname: Zheng
  fullname: Zheng, Xi
  email: james.zheng@mq.edu.au
  organization: Department of Computing, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia
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Keywords Internet of things
Identity authentication
Internet of vehicles
Blockchain
Consensus algorithm
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Snippet •Our algorithm is more efficient, has less communication overhead, and has greater throughput than the original PBFT algorithm.•We propose a Vehicle - Service...
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SubjectTerms Blockchain
Consensus algorithm
Identity authentication
Internet of things
Internet of vehicles
Title SG-PBFT: A secure and highly efficient distributed blockchain PBFT consensus algorithm for intelligent Internet of vehicles
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Volume 164
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