Robust control design for air breathing proton exchange membrane fuel cell system via variable gain second‐order sliding mode

The nonlinear and time‐dependent characteristic and unknown modeling uncertainty of proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) such as complex electro‐chemical, thermal, and fluid mechanic phenomena make its controller design quite challenging. In this paper, a controller based on a super twisting a...

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Published in:	Energy science & engineering Vol. 6; no. 3; pp. 126 - 143
Main Authors:	Mirrashid, Naghmeh, Rakhtala, Seyed Mehdi, Ghanbari, Mahmood
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	London John Wiley & Sons, Inc 01.06.2018
Subjects:	Algorithms Automobile industry Breathing Control systems design Controllers Disturbances Fuel cells Fuel technology Lyapunov stability Organic chemistry oxygen excess ratio PEM fuel cell Proton exchange membrane fuel cells Robust control second‐order sliding mode Sliding mode control Stability analysis Time dependence Twisting Uncertainty Variable gain variable gain super twisting algorithm
ISSN:	2050-0505, 2050-0505
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Abstract	The nonlinear and time‐dependent characteristic and unknown modeling uncertainty of proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) such as complex electro‐chemical, thermal, and fluid mechanic phenomena make its controller design quite challenging. In this paper, a controller based on a super twisting algorithm (STA) with variable gains is proposed to control the air breathing system of PEMFC. The strategy includes regulating the oxygen excess ratio (λO2) for preventing the stack oxygen starvation and maintaining optimum net power output in spite of external disturbances and model uncertainties. The proposed algorithm has the main advantages of the fixed gain STA, such as robustness against the disturbance and parametric uncertainties with the unknown boundary, chattering reduction, and finite time convergence. The Lyapunov analysis was proposed to assess the stability of the Variable Gain Super Twisting Algorithm (VGSTA). The results verified the effectiveness of the proposed controller with attaining robust regulation against uncertainties, disturbances, and noisy circumstance compared to fixed gain SOSM controllers. The novel adaptive STA control law is designed for a PEMFC as a severe nonlinear system with special features such as the robustness, relative simplicity, and finite convergence time as a new strategy for PEMFC system. The experimental noises and drift uncertainty terms/disturbances with unknown boundary for PEMFC nonlinear equations are rejected by the VGSTA. A controller based on Lyapunov theory is designed to assure uniform stability of a nonlinear system considering bounding functions for disturbances and uncertainties of a realistic PEMFC model. This proposed controller is explored have main advantages are summarized in following: (1) Robust regulation of the oxygen excess ratio to prolong the life span with chattering effect avoiding; (2) Raising transient performance features with finite convergence time; (3) More robustness to drift uncertain parameters and highly variation of load current with unknown boundary compared with the first‐order SM and ST with fixed gains; (4) Guaranteed extended range of operation, in spite of the severe nonlinearity of plant; (5) Simple controller implementation, resulting in low computational costs in real‐time environment.
AbstractList	The nonlinear and time‐dependent characteristic and unknown modeling uncertainty of proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) such as complex electro‐chemical, thermal, and fluid mechanic phenomena make its controller design quite challenging. In this paper, a controller based on a super twisting algorithm (STA) with variable gains is proposed to control the air breathing system of PEMFC. The strategy includes regulating the oxygen excess ratio (λO2) for preventing the stack oxygen starvation and maintaining optimum net power output in spite of external disturbances and model uncertainties. The proposed algorithm has the main advantages of the fixed gain STA, such as robustness against the disturbance and parametric uncertainties with the unknown boundary, chattering reduction, and finite time convergence. The Lyapunov analysis was proposed to assess the stability of the Variable Gain Super Twisting Algorithm (VGSTA). The results verified the effectiveness of the proposed controller with attaining robust regulation against uncertainties, disturbances, and noisy circumstance compared to fixed gain SOSM controllers. The novel adaptive STA control law is designed for a PEMFC as a severe nonlinear system with special features such as the robustness, relative simplicity, and finite convergence time as a new strategy for PEMFC system. The experimental noises and drift uncertainty terms/disturbances with unknown boundary for PEMFC nonlinear equations are rejected by the VGSTA. A controller based on Lyapunov theory is designed to assure uniform stability of a nonlinear system considering bounding functions for disturbances and uncertainties of a realistic PEMFC model. This proposed controller is explored have main advantages are summarized in following: (1) Robust regulation of the oxygen excess ratio to prolong the life span with chattering effect avoiding; (2) Raising transient performance features with finite convergence time; (3) More robustness to drift uncertain parameters and highly variation of load current with unknown boundary compared with the first‐order SM and ST with fixed gains; (4) Guaranteed extended range of operation, in spite of the severe nonlinearity of plant; (5) Simple controller implementation, resulting in low computational costs in real‐time environment. The nonlinear and time‐dependent characteristic and unknown modeling uncertainty of proton exchange membrane fuel cell ( PEMFC ) such as complex electro‐chemical, thermal, and fluid mechanic phenomena make its controller design quite challenging. In this paper, a controller based on a super twisting algorithm ( STA ) with variable gains is proposed to control the air breathing system of PEMFC . The strategy includes regulating the oxygen excess ratio ( ) for preventing the stack oxygen starvation and maintaining optimum net power output in spite of external disturbances and model uncertainties. The proposed algorithm has the main advantages of the fixed gain STA , such as robustness against the disturbance and parametric uncertainties with the unknown boundary, chattering reduction, and finite time convergence. The Lyapunov analysis was proposed to assess the stability of the Variable Gain Super Twisting Algorithm ( VGSTA ). The results verified the effectiveness of the proposed controller with attaining robust regulation against uncertainties, disturbances, and noisy circumstance compared to fixed gain SOSM controllers. The nonlinear and time‐dependent characteristic and unknown modeling uncertainty of proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) such as complex electro‐chemical, thermal, and fluid mechanic phenomena make its controller design quite challenging. In this paper, a controller based on a super twisting algorithm (STA) with variable gains is proposed to control the air breathing system of PEMFC. The strategy includes regulating the oxygen excess ratio (λO2) for preventing the stack oxygen starvation and maintaining optimum net power output in spite of external disturbances and model uncertainties. The proposed algorithm has the main advantages of the fixed gain STA, such as robustness against the disturbance and parametric uncertainties with the unknown boundary, chattering reduction, and finite time convergence. The Lyapunov analysis was proposed to assess the stability of the Variable Gain Super Twisting Algorithm (VGSTA). The results verified the effectiveness of the proposed controller with attaining robust regulation against uncertainties, disturbances, and noisy circumstance compared to fixed gain SOSM controllers.
Author	Mirrashid, Naghmeh Ghanbari, Mahmood Rakhtala, Seyed Mehdi
Author_xml	– sequence: 1 givenname: Naghmeh surname: Mirrashid fullname: Mirrashid, Naghmeh organization: Azad Aliabad University – sequence: 2 givenname: Seyed Mehdi orcidid: 0000-0002-7657-679X surname: Rakhtala fullname: Rakhtala, Seyed Mehdi email: sm.rakhtala@gu.ac.ir organization: Golestan University – sequence: 3 givenname: Mahmood surname: Ghanbari fullname: Ghanbari, Mahmood
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Snippet	The nonlinear and time‐dependent characteristic and unknown modeling uncertainty of proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) such as complex... The nonlinear and time‐dependent characteristic and unknown modeling uncertainty of proton exchange membrane fuel cell ( PEMFC ) such as complex...
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SubjectTerms	Algorithms Automobile industry Breathing Control systems design Controllers Disturbances Fuel cells Fuel technology Lyapunov stability Organic chemistry oxygen excess ratio PEM fuel cell Proton exchange membrane fuel cells Robust control second‐order sliding mode Sliding mode control Stability analysis Time dependence Twisting Uncertainty Variable gain variable gain super twisting algorithm
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Title	Robust control design for air breathing proton exchange membrane fuel cell system via variable gain second‐order sliding mode
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