Adaptive Optimization of Traffic Sensor Locations Under Uncertainty Using Flow-Constrained Inference

Monitoring traffic flow across large-scale transportation networks is essential for effective traffic management, yet comprehensive sensor deployment is often infeasible due to financial and practical constraints. The traffic sensor location problem (TSLP) aims to determine the minimal set of sensor...

Celý popis

Uložené v:

Podrobná bibliografia
Vydané v:	Applied sciences Ročník 15; číslo 18; s. 10257
Hlavní autori:	Owais, Mahmoud, Allam, Amira A.
Médium:	Journal Article
Jazyk:	English
Vydavateľské údaje:	Basel MDPI AG 01.09.2025
Predmet:	Algorithms binary bat algorithm combinatorial optimization integer programming LU factorization Measuring instruments metaheuristics Optimization Propagation Sensors Traffic flow traffic sensor location United States
ISSN:	2076-3417, 2076-3417
On-line prístup:	Získať plný text
Tagy:	Pridať tag Žiadne tagy, Buďte prvý, kto otaguje tento záznam!

Abstract	Monitoring traffic flow across large-scale transportation networks is essential for effective traffic management, yet comprehensive sensor deployment is often infeasible due to financial and practical constraints. The traffic sensor location problem (TSLP) aims to determine the minimal set of sensor placements needed to achieve full link flow observability. Existing solutions primarily rely on algebraic or optimization-based approaches, but often neglect the impact of sensor measurement errors and struggle with scalability in large, complex networks. This study proposes a new scalable and robust methodology for solving the TSLP under uncertainty, incorporating a formulation that explicitly models the propagation of measurement errors in sensor data. Two nonlinear integer optimization models, Min-Max and Min-Sum, are developed to minimize the inference error across the network. To solve these models efficiently, we introduce the BBA Algorithm (BBA) as an adaptive metaheuristic optimizer, not as a subject of comparative study, but as an enabler of scalability within the proposed framework. The methodology integrates LU decomposition for efficient matrix inversion and employs a node-based flow inference technique that ensures observability without requiring full path enumeration. Tested on benchmark and real-world networks (e.g., fishbone, Sioux Falls, Barcelona), the proposed framework demonstrates strong performance in minimizing error and maintaining scalability, highlighting its practical applicability for resilient traffic monitoring system design.
AbstractList	Monitoring traffic flow across large-scale transportation networks is essential for effective traffic management, yet comprehensive sensor deployment is often infeasible due to financial and practical constraints. The traffic sensor location problem (TSLP) aims to determine the minimal set of sensor placements needed to achieve full link flow observability. Existing solutions primarily rely on algebraic or optimization-based approaches, but often neglect the impact of sensor measurement errors and struggle with scalability in large, complex networks. This study proposes a new scalable and robust methodology for solving the TSLP under uncertainty, incorporating a formulation that explicitly models the propagation of measurement errors in sensor data. Two nonlinear integer optimization models, Min-Max and Min-Sum, are developed to minimize the inference error across the network. To solve these models efficiently, we introduce the BBA Algorithm (BBA) as an adaptive metaheuristic optimizer, not as a subject of comparative study, but as an enabler of scalability within the proposed framework. The methodology integrates LU decomposition for efficient matrix inversion and employs a node-based flow inference technique that ensures observability without requiring full path enumeration. Tested on benchmark and real-world networks (e.g., fishbone, Sioux Falls, Barcelona), the proposed framework demonstrates strong performance in minimizing error and maintaining scalability, highlighting its practical applicability for resilient traffic monitoring system design.
Audience	Academic
Author	Allam, Amira A. Owais, Mahmoud
Author_xml	– sequence: 1 givenname: Mahmoud orcidid: 0000-0002-1639-2120 surname: Owais fullname: Owais, Mahmoud – sequence: 2 givenname: Amira A. orcidid: 0009-0008-4787-3497 surname: Allam fullname: Allam, Amira A.
BookMark	eNpNUcFOJCEUJBtN1lVvfgDJXm2Fpmno42SyupNM4kHnTGh4TJjMQC-0btyv9-lsjJBQpKhX75H6QU5STkDIFWc3Qgzs1k4Tl1xz1kr1jZy1TPWN6Lg6-XL_Ti5r3TFcAxcoPSN-4e00xxegDwiH-M_OMSeaA30qNoTo6COkmgtdZ_fxVOkmeSh4OiizjWl-pZsa05be7fPfZomKuSANnq5SgAKouyCnwe4rXP7Hc7K5-_W0_N2sH-5Xy8W6caKXcxO40rrzahzBS8ZAKg5dayXjqg-9UA546BjocVRgnZS2hX6UrFOIHDwX52R19PXZ7sxU4sGWV5NtNB9ELltjyxzdHowI4yBHpaTXQ9fqMCoWBuE8MGe54wK9fh69ppL_PEOdzS4_l4TjG9HKDpt27L3jzVG1tWgaU8j4eYfbwyE6DChE5BdaKtFqqTUWXB8LXMm1FgifY3Jm3nM0X3MUb4eYkfo
Cites_doi	10.3846/16484142.2016.1258674 10.1016/j.trc.2010.07.001 10.1109/ACCESS.2024.3509523 10.1016/j.cor.2005.05.035 10.1080/15472450.2016.1194206 10.1016/j.eswa.2021.114727 10.1155/2015/903563 10.1007/s00521-013-1525-5 10.1007/s00500-024-09761-5 10.1061/JTEPBS.0000290 10.1016/j.trc.2016.02.015 10.1007/s40999-020-00537-0 10.1016/j.trb.2013.09.007 10.1109/ICNN.1995.488968 10.1007/s10732-017-9342-0 10.1007/s11116-012-9390-0 10.1109/TITS.2008.922929 10.1108/02644401211235834 10.1016/j.trb.2024.103090 10.1016/j.trc.2012.01.004 10.1016/j.trb.2012.02.001 10.1016/j.trb.2016.03.006 10.1016/j.trb.2013.02.006 10.1109/ACCESS.2024.3349499 10.1016/j.trc.2021.103460 10.56021/9781421407944 10.1016/j.cor.2013.12.013 10.1016/j.trb.2023.02.008 10.1287/trsc.1100.0319 10.1109/TITS.2015.2491282 10.1016/j.trb.2009.02.008 10.1016/j.trb.2023.102849 10.1016/j.tre.2021.102555 10.1016/j.trb.2018.05.009 10.1016/j.eswa.2022.118134 10.1109/TITS.2023.3344533 10.1109/ACCESS.2020.3047045 10.1016/j.tre.2012.12.002 10.1016/j.trb.2019.01.004 10.1007/s10586-024-04619-9 10.1109/TITS.2022.3189770 10.1016/j.ymssp.2013.06.022 10.1007/s00521-012-1028-9 10.1016/j.trb.2010.04.002 10.1016/S0191-2615(97)00016-7 10.1007/978-3-642-12538-6_6 10.1016/j.trc.2018.01.021 10.1155/2016/9012724 10.1109/TITS.2010.2050768 10.1007/s10479-006-0016-9 10.1137/1.9780898718027 10.1007/s10479-005-2047-z 10.23919/ACC.2018.8431678 10.1016/j.trb.2024.103057
ContentType	Journal Article
Copyright	COPYRIGHT 2025 MDPI AG 2025 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.
Copyright_xml	– notice: COPYRIGHT 2025 MDPI AG – notice: 2025 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.
DBID	AAYXX CITATION ABUWG AFKRA AZQEC BENPR CCPQU DWQXO PHGZM PHGZT PIMPY PKEHL PQEST PQQKQ PQUKI PRINS DOA
DOI	10.3390/app151810257
DatabaseName	CrossRef ProQuest Central (Alumni) ProQuest Central UK/Ireland ProQuest Central Essentials ProQuest Central ProQuest One Community College ProQuest Central ProQuest Central Premium ProQuest One Academic (New) Publicly Available Content Database ProQuest One Academic Middle East (New) ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE) ProQuest One Academic (retired) ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition ProQuest Central China DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals
DatabaseTitle	CrossRef Publicly Available Content Database ProQuest One Academic Middle East (New) ProQuest Central Essentials ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition) ProQuest One Community College ProQuest Central China ProQuest Central ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition ProQuest Central Korea ProQuest Central (New) ProQuest One Academic ProQuest One Academic (New)
DatabaseTitleList	Publicly Available Content Database CrossRef
Database_xml	– sequence: 1 dbid: DOA name: DOAJ Open Access Full Text url: https://www.doaj.org/ sourceTypes: Open Website – sequence: 2 dbid: PIMPY name: Publicly Available Content Database url: http://search.proquest.com/publiccontent sourceTypes: Aggregation Database
DeliveryMethod	fulltext_linktorsrc
Discipline	Engineering Sciences (General)
EISSN	2076-3417
ExternalDocumentID	oai_doaj_org_article_3fb95b775d89428fb70f93cde0ca1c13 A857328588 10_3390_app151810257
GeographicLocations	United States
GeographicLocations_xml	– name: United States
GroupedDBID	.4S 2XV 5VS 7XC 8CJ 8FE 8FG 8FH AADQD AAFWJ AAYXX ADBBV ADMLS AFFHD AFKRA AFPKN AFZYC ALMA_UNASSIGNED_HOLDINGS APEBS ARCSS BCNDV BENPR CCPQU CITATION CZ9 D1I D1J D1K GROUPED_DOAJ IAO IGS ITC K6- K6V KC. KQ8 L6V LK5 LK8 M7R MODMG M~E OK1 P62 PHGZM PHGZT PIMPY PROAC TUS ABUWG AZQEC DWQXO PKEHL PQEST PQQKQ PQUKI PRINS PUEGO
ID	FETCH-LOGICAL-c365t-f17884d7bbed500e571e42a50176f637ce1f40e8bb7eac55a2e6b50472e61ed13
IEDL.DBID	PIMPY
ISICitedReferencesCount	0
ISICitedReferencesURI	http://www.webofscience.com/api/gateway?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=Summon&SrcAuth=ProQuest&DestLinkType=CitingArticles&DestApp=WOS_CPL&KeyUT=001579517900001&url=https%3A%2F%2Fcvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com%2F%23%21%2Fsearch%3Fho%3Df%26include.ft.matches%3Dt%26l%3Dnull%26q%3D
ISSN	2076-3417
IngestDate	Mon Nov 10 04:32:10 EST 2025 Fri Sep 26 22:12:19 EDT 2025 Tue Nov 04 18:12:40 EST 2025 Sat Nov 29 07:11:30 EST 2025
IsDoiOpenAccess	true
IsOpenAccess	true
IsPeerReviewed	true
IsScholarly	true
Issue	18
Language	English
LinkModel	DirectLink
MergedId	FETCHMERGED-LOGICAL-c365t-f17884d7bbed500e571e42a50176f637ce1f40e8bb7eac55a2e6b50472e61ed13
Notes	ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 14
ORCID	0000-0002-1639-2120 0009-0008-4787-3497
OpenAccessLink	https://www.proquest.com/publiccontent/docview/3254472401?pq-origsite=%requestingapplication%
PQID	3254472401
PQPubID	2032433
ParticipantIDs	doaj_primary_oai_doaj_org_article_3fb95b775d89428fb70f93cde0ca1c13 proquest_journals_3254472401 gale_infotracacademiconefile_A857328588 crossref_primary_10_3390_app151810257
PublicationCentury	2000
PublicationDate	2025-09-01
PublicationDateYYYYMMDD	2025-09-01
PublicationDate_xml	– month: 09 year: 2025 text: 2025-09-01 day: 01
PublicationDecade	2020
PublicationPlace	Basel
PublicationPlace_xml	– name: Basel
PublicationTitle	Applied sciences
PublicationYear	2025
Publisher	MDPI AG
Publisher_xml	– name: MDPI AG
References	Murugan (ref_25) 2013; 41 Owais (ref_31) 2020; 18 Shao (ref_32) 2021; 133 Xie (ref_19) 2024; 190 ref_14 ref_58 Castillo (ref_35) 2010; 11 Umar (ref_51) 2024; 28 ref_57 Mitsakis (ref_30) 2017; 32 Mirjalili (ref_53) 2014; 25 ref_54 Yu (ref_23) 2023; 178 Almutairi (ref_28) 2024; 12 Fu (ref_46) 2022; 157 Yang (ref_9) 1998; 32 ref_59 Yang (ref_49) 2012; 29 Salari (ref_17) 2019; 121 Fakhouri (ref_29) 2020; 9 Fei (ref_43) 2011; 19 Zhu (ref_48) 2017; 21 Owais (ref_8) 2019; 6 Contreras (ref_22) 2015; 17 Danczyk (ref_12) 2011; 45 Bianco (ref_4) 2006; 144 Gandomi (ref_50) 2013; 22 Gentili (ref_15) 2005; 136 Owais (ref_11) 2020; 146 Kennedy (ref_56) 1995; Volume 4 Almutairi (ref_27) 2024; 12 Castillo (ref_38) 2012; 39 Golberg (ref_55) 1989; 1989 Owais (ref_1) 2024; 25 Li (ref_3) 2023; 171 Hu (ref_24) 2024; 189 Xing (ref_44) 2013; 57 Ng (ref_10) 2013; 51 Castillo (ref_34) 2013; 1 Danczyk (ref_47) 2016; 67 Xu (ref_20) 2016; 88 Owais (ref_7) 2022; 208 Zhu (ref_45) 2018; 113 Castillo (ref_36) 2007; 34 Zhou (ref_42) 2010; 44 Arbelaez (ref_52) 2018; 24 Owais (ref_21) 2021; 174 Ng (ref_39) 2012; 46 Houssein (ref_26) 2024; 27 He (ref_40) 2013; 51 Gentili (ref_33) 2018; 90 Hu (ref_16) 2009; 43 Owais (ref_13) 2022; 23 Shao (ref_18) 2016; 2016 Castillo (ref_5) 2015; 2015 ref_2 Gentili (ref_6) 2012; 24 Castillo (ref_37) 2008; 9 Bianco (ref_41) 2014; 46
References_xml	– volume: 32 start-page: 113 year: 2017 ident: ref_30 article-title: The sensor location problem: Methodological approach and application publication-title: Transport doi: 10.3846/16484142.2016.1258674 – volume: 19 start-page: 440 year: 2011 ident: ref_43 article-title: Structural analysis of near-optimal sensor locations for a stochastic large-scale network publication-title: Transp. Res. Part C Emerg. Technol. doi: 10.1016/j.trc.2010.07.001 – volume: 12 start-page: 180385 year: 2024 ident: ref_27 article-title: Active traffic sensor location problem for the uniqueness of path flow identification in large-scale networks publication-title: IEEE Access doi: 10.1109/ACCESS.2024.3509523 – volume: 34 start-page: 1708 year: 2007 ident: ref_36 article-title: Observability in linear systems of equations and inequalities: Applications publication-title: Comput. Oper. Res. doi: 10.1016/j.cor.2005.05.035 – volume: 21 start-page: 26 year: 2017 ident: ref_48 article-title: Travel time estimation oriented freeway sensor placement problem considering sensor failure publication-title: J. Intell. Transp. Syst. doi: 10.1080/15472450.2016.1194206 – volume: 174 start-page: 114727 year: 2021 ident: ref_21 article-title: A factorization scheme for observability analysis in transportation networks publication-title: Expert Syst. Appl. doi: 10.1016/j.eswa.2021.114727 – volume: 1 start-page: 68 year: 2013 ident: ref_34 article-title: Observability of traffic networks. Optimal location of counting and scanning devices publication-title: Transp. B Transp. Dyn. – volume: 2015 start-page: 903563 year: 2015 ident: ref_5 article-title: A state-of-the-art review of the sensor location, flow observability, estimation, and prediction problems in traffic networks publication-title: J. Sens. doi: 10.1155/2015/903563 – volume: 25 start-page: 663 year: 2014 ident: ref_53 article-title: Binary bat algorithm publication-title: Neural Comput. Appl. doi: 10.1007/s00521-013-1525-5 – volume: 28 start-page: 7983 year: 2024 ident: ref_51 article-title: Modified Bat Algorithm: A newly proposed approach for solving complex and real-world problems publication-title: Soft Comput. doi: 10.1007/s00500-024-09761-5 – volume: 146 start-page: 04019055 year: 2020 ident: ref_11 article-title: Robust deep learning architecture for traffic flow estimation from a subset of link sensors publication-title: J. Transp. Eng. Part A Syst. doi: 10.1061/JTEPBS.0000290 – volume: 67 start-page: 378 year: 2016 ident: ref_47 article-title: A probabilistic optimization model for allocating freeway sensors publication-title: Transp. Res. Part C Emerg. Technol. doi: 10.1016/j.trc.2016.02.015 – volume: 18 start-page: 1301 year: 2020 ident: ref_31 article-title: Distributing portable excess speed detectors in AL Riyadh city publication-title: Int. J. Civ. Eng. doi: 10.1007/s40999-020-00537-0 – volume: 57 start-page: 66 year: 2013 ident: ref_44 article-title: Designing heterogeneous sensor networks for estimating and predicting path travel time dynamics: An information-theoretic modeling approach publication-title: Transp. Res. Part B Methodol. doi: 10.1016/j.trb.2013.09.007 – volume: Volume 4 start-page: 1942 year: 1995 ident: ref_56 article-title: Particle swarm optimization publication-title: Proceedings of the Proceedings of ICNN’95-International Conference on Neural Networks doi: 10.1109/ICNN.1995.488968 – volume: 24 start-page: 359 year: 2018 ident: ref_52 article-title: A constraint-based parallel local search for the edge-disjoint rooted distance-constrained minimum spanning tree problem publication-title: J. Heuristics doi: 10.1007/s10732-017-9342-0 – volume: 39 start-page: 1301 year: 2012 ident: ref_38 article-title: Observability in traffic networks. Plate scanning added by counting information publication-title: Transportation doi: 10.1007/s11116-012-9390-0 – volume: 9 start-page: 275 year: 2008 ident: ref_37 article-title: The observability problem in traffic models: Algebraic and topological methods publication-title: IEEE Trans. Intell. Transp. Syst. doi: 10.1109/TITS.2008.922929 – volume: 29 start-page: 464 year: 2012 ident: ref_49 article-title: Bat algorithm: A novel approach for global engineering optimization publication-title: Eng. Comput. doi: 10.1108/02644401211235834 – volume: 190 start-page: 103090 year: 2024 ident: ref_19 article-title: Superiority proof of “incoming layout” for full link flow observability under uncertainty publication-title: Transp. Res. Part B Methodol. doi: 10.1016/j.trb.2024.103090 – volume: 24 start-page: 227 year: 2012 ident: ref_6 article-title: Locating sensors on traffic networks: Models, challenges and research opportunities publication-title: Transp. Res. Part C Emerg. Technol. doi: 10.1016/j.trc.2012.01.004 – volume: 1989 start-page: 36 year: 1989 ident: ref_55 article-title: Genetic algorithms in search, optimization, and machine learning publication-title: Addion Wesley – volume: 46 start-page: 781 year: 2012 ident: ref_39 article-title: Synergistic sensor location for link flow inference without path enumeration: A node-based approach publication-title: Transp. Res. Part B Methodol. doi: 10.1016/j.trb.2012.02.001 – volume: 88 start-page: 1 year: 2016 ident: ref_20 article-title: Robust network sensor location for complete link flow observability under uncertainty publication-title: Transp. Res. Part B Methodol. doi: 10.1016/j.trb.2016.03.006 – volume: 51 start-page: 65 year: 2013 ident: ref_40 article-title: A graphical approach to identify sensor locations for link flow inference publication-title: Transp. Res. Part B Methodol. doi: 10.1016/j.trb.2013.02.006 – volume: 12 start-page: 2882 year: 2024 ident: ref_28 article-title: New approach for estimating intersection control delay from passive traffic sensors at network level publication-title: IEEE Access doi: 10.1109/ACCESS.2024.3349499 – volume: 133 start-page: 103460 year: 2021 ident: ref_32 article-title: Optimization of network sensor location for full link flow observability considering sensor measurement error publication-title: Transp. Res. Part C Emerg. Technol. doi: 10.1016/j.trc.2021.103460 – ident: ref_58 doi: 10.56021/9781421407944 – volume: 46 start-page: 12 year: 2014 ident: ref_41 article-title: Locating sensors to observe network arc flows: Exact and heuristic approaches publication-title: Comput. Oper. Res. doi: 10.1016/j.cor.2013.12.013 – volume: 171 start-page: 29 year: 2023 ident: ref_3 article-title: Submodularity of optimal sensor placement for traffic networks publication-title: Transp. Res. Part B Methodol. doi: 10.1016/j.trb.2023.02.008 – volume: 44 start-page: 254 year: 2010 ident: ref_42 article-title: An information-theoretic sensor location model for traffic origin-destination demand estimation applications publication-title: Transp. Sci. doi: 10.1287/trsc.1100.0319 – volume: 17 start-page: 848 year: 2015 ident: ref_22 article-title: Observability and sensor placement problem on highway segments: A traffic dynamics-based approach publication-title: IEEE Trans. Intell. Transp. Syst. doi: 10.1109/TITS.2015.2491282 – volume: 43 start-page: 873 year: 2009 ident: ref_16 article-title: Identification of vehicle sensor locations for link-based network traffic applications publication-title: Transp. Res. Part B Methodol. doi: 10.1016/j.trb.2009.02.008 – volume: 178 start-page: 102849 year: 2023 ident: ref_23 article-title: Ensuring the robustness of link flow observation systems in sensor failure events publication-title: Transp. Res. Part B Methodol. doi: 10.1016/j.trb.2023.102849 – volume: 6 start-page: 100100 year: 2019 ident: ref_8 article-title: Sensor location model for O/D estimation: Multi-criteria meta-heuristics approach publication-title: Oper. Res. Perspect. – volume: 157 start-page: 102555 year: 2022 ident: ref_46 article-title: Optimization of multi-type traffic sensor locations for estimation of multi-period origin-destination demands with covariance effects publication-title: Transp. Res. Part E Logist. Transp. Rev. doi: 10.1016/j.tre.2021.102555 – ident: ref_14 – volume: 113 start-page: 91 year: 2018 ident: ref_45 article-title: Data-driven distributionally robust optimization approach for reliable travel-time-information-gain-oriented traffic sensor location model publication-title: Transp. Res. Part B Methodol. doi: 10.1016/j.trb.2018.05.009 – volume: 208 start-page: 118134 year: 2022 ident: ref_7 article-title: Traffic sensor location problem: Three decades of research publication-title: Expert Syst. Appl. doi: 10.1016/j.eswa.2022.118134 – volume: 25 start-page: 6501 year: 2024 ident: ref_1 article-title: Deep learning for integrated origin–destination estimation and traffic sensor location problems publication-title: IEEE Trans. Intell. Transp. Syst. doi: 10.1109/TITS.2023.3344533 – volume: 9 start-page: 6225 year: 2020 ident: ref_29 article-title: Multi-objective robust optimization for the traffic sensors location problem publication-title: IEEE Access doi: 10.1109/ACCESS.2020.3047045 – volume: 51 start-page: 62 year: 2013 ident: ref_10 article-title: Partial link flow observability in the presence of initial sensors: Solution without path enumeration publication-title: Transp. Res. Part E Logist. Transp. Rev. doi: 10.1016/j.tre.2012.12.002 – volume: 121 start-page: 216 year: 2019 ident: ref_17 article-title: Optimization of traffic sensor location for complete link flow observability in traffic network considering sensor failure publication-title: Transp. Res. Part B Methodol. doi: 10.1016/j.trb.2019.01.004 – volume: 27 start-page: 13643 year: 2024 ident: ref_26 article-title: Metaheuristic algorithms and their applications in wireless sensor networks: Review, open issues, and challenges publication-title: Clust. Comput. doi: 10.1007/s10586-024-04619-9 – volume: 23 start-page: 24829 year: 2022 ident: ref_13 article-title: Exact and heuristics algorithms for screen line problem in large size networks: Shortest path-based column generation approach publication-title: IEEE Trans. Intell. Transp. Syst. doi: 10.1109/TITS.2022.3189770 – volume: 41 start-page: 268 year: 2013 ident: ref_25 article-title: Robustness of optimal sensor placement under parametric uncertainty publication-title: Mech. Syst. Signal Process. doi: 10.1016/j.ymssp.2013.06.022 – volume: 22 start-page: 1239 year: 2013 ident: ref_50 article-title: Bat algorithm for constrained optimization tasks publication-title: Neural Comput. Appl. doi: 10.1007/s00521-012-1028-9 – volume: 45 start-page: 208 year: 2011 ident: ref_12 article-title: A mixed-integer linear program for optimizing sensor locations along freeway corridors publication-title: Transp. Res. Part B Methodol. doi: 10.1016/j.trb.2010.04.002 – volume: 32 start-page: 109 year: 1998 ident: ref_9 article-title: Optimal traffic counting locations for origin–destination matrix estimation publication-title: Transp. Res. Part B Methodol. doi: 10.1016/S0191-2615(97)00016-7 – ident: ref_54 doi: 10.1007/978-3-642-12538-6_6 – volume: 90 start-page: 74 year: 2018 ident: ref_33 article-title: Review of optimal sensor location models for travel time estimation publication-title: Transp. Res. Part C Emerg. Technol. doi: 10.1016/j.trc.2018.01.021 – volume: 2016 start-page: 9012724 year: 2016 ident: ref_18 article-title: Sensor location problem for network traffic flow derivation based on turning ratios at intersection publication-title: Math. Probl. Eng. doi: 10.1155/2016/9012724 – volume: 11 start-page: 799 year: 2010 ident: ref_35 article-title: Matrix tools for general observability analysis in traffic networks publication-title: IEEE Trans. Intell. Transp. Syst. doi: 10.1109/TITS.2010.2050768 – volume: 144 start-page: 201 year: 2006 ident: ref_4 article-title: Combinatorial aspects of the sensor location problem publication-title: Ann. Oper. Res. doi: 10.1007/s10479-006-0016-9 – ident: ref_57 – ident: ref_59 doi: 10.1137/1.9780898718027 – volume: 136 start-page: 229 year: 2005 ident: ref_15 article-title: Locating active sensors on traffic networks publication-title: Ann. Oper. Res. doi: 10.1007/s10479-005-2047-z – ident: ref_2 doi: 10.23919/ACC.2018.8431678 – volume: 189 start-page: 103057 year: 2024 ident: ref_24 article-title: Sensor placement considering the observability of traffic dynamics: On the algebraic and graphical perspectives publication-title: Transp. Res. Part B Methodol. doi: 10.1016/j.trb.2024.103057
SSID	ssj0000913810
Score	2.3290026
Snippet	Monitoring traffic flow across large-scale transportation networks is essential for effective traffic management, yet comprehensive sensor deployment is often...
SourceID	doaj proquest gale crossref
SourceType	Open Website Aggregation Database Index Database
StartPage	10257
SubjectTerms	Algorithms binary bat algorithm combinatorial optimization integer programming LU factorization Measuring instruments metaheuristics Optimization Propagation Sensors Traffic flow traffic sensor location
SummonAdditionalLinks	– databaseName: DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals dbid: DOA link: http://cvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwrV1Li9RAEC5k2YMeZHdVnHWVPijqIZhOpx85zorDCrIKKuyt6ScIOllmRpf991Z1eiQX8eIlgSaHoir1Sqq-D-B51tgZS8ObTmTd9FmaxvkYGmOyDpjSXOahkE3oy0tzdTV8mlF90UzYBA88Ke6NyH6QXmsZzYClcva6zYMIMbXB8VD4artWD7NmqsTggRN01TTpLrCvp__BmNzwrKNMNMtBBar_bwG5ZJnVEdyv5SFbTmIdw520PoF7M9DAEziu7rhlrypm9OsHEJfRXVPkYh_x9qMuV7IxM0xGhBLBPmO_Om7Yh7F-o2OF8QivYRoK2N2yMj7AVt_Hm4Z4PAt7RIrs_X4n8CF8Xb378vaiqQQKTRBK7prMscHto_Y-Rdm2SWqe-s5J9EKVldAh8dy3yXivMf5K6bqkvCT8yKR4ilw8goP1uE6PgamknCIoGKdUL4UedMtDiNF0yeWujQt4sVepvZ5wMiz2F6R6O1f9As5J33-eIXTrcoA2t9Xm9l82X8BLspYlH0RdBFdXCVBUQrOySyMJg0gas4CzvUFtdc6tFQTLprGU4af_Q5oncLcjUuAyeHYGB7vNz_QUDsOv3bft5ll5L38Dt4joew priority: 102 providerName: Directory of Open Access Journals
Title	Adaptive Optimization of Traffic Sensor Locations Under Uncertainty Using Flow-Constrained Inference
URI	https://www.proquest.com/docview/3254472401 https://doaj.org/article/3fb95b775d89428fb70f93cde0ca1c13
Volume	15
WOSCitedRecordID	wos001579517900001&url=https%3A%2F%2Fcvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com%2F%23%21%2Fsearch%3Fho%3Df%26include.ft.matches%3Dt%26l%3Dnull%26q%3D
hasFullText	1
inHoldings	1
isFullTextHit
isPrint
journalDatabaseRights	– providerCode: PRVAON databaseName: DOAJ Open Access Full Text customDbUrl: eissn: 2076-3417 dateEnd: 99991231 omitProxy: false ssIdentifier: ssj0000913810 issn: 2076-3417 databaseCode: DOA dateStart: 20110101 isFulltext: true titleUrlDefault: https://www.doaj.org/ providerName: Directory of Open Access Journals – providerCode: PRVHPJ databaseName: ROAD: Directory of Open Access Scholarly Resources customDbUrl: eissn: 2076-3417 dateEnd: 99991231 omitProxy: false ssIdentifier: ssj0000913810 issn: 2076-3417 databaseCode: M~E dateStart: 20110101 isFulltext: true titleUrlDefault: https://road.issn.org providerName: ISSN International Centre – providerCode: PRVPQU databaseName: ProQuest Central customDbUrl: eissn: 2076-3417 dateEnd: 99991231 omitProxy: false ssIdentifier: ssj0000913810 issn: 2076-3417 databaseCode: BENPR dateStart: 20110101 isFulltext: true titleUrlDefault: https://www.proquest.com/central providerName: ProQuest – providerCode: PRVPQU databaseName: Publicly Available Content Database customDbUrl: eissn: 2076-3417 dateEnd: 99991231 omitProxy: false ssIdentifier: ssj0000913810 issn: 2076-3417 databaseCode: PIMPY dateStart: 20110101 isFulltext: true titleUrlDefault: http://search.proquest.com/publiccontent providerName: ProQuest
link	http://cvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwrV1LbxMxEB5BwgEOQAsVoW3kAwg4rGqv1489VSlqRCUIEQ-pnFZePxASZEMSQPx7PF6n5FJOXHYl2wdrxzOzM575PoAnQcXIWGhWlDyoogpCF6Z1ttA6KBtdmgnMJrIJNZvpy8t6ntuj17mscmsTk6Hu0Z6xbjsa4RPXWcyYn3BE1lLRG7HT5fcCOaTwrjUTatyEIU7TAQznF2_mn65yLoiBqRnt6995jPbxlji6vDhWon_a8UwJwP86M518z_Te_931fbib_0HJpD80e3DDL_bhzg4y4T7sZZ1fk-cZmPrFA3ATZ5ZoHsnb-PqWOzhJF0j0eAhFQd7HoLhbkdddTgSSRKsUn7avPNj8JqlGgUy_dr8KJAtNFBXekYtt4-FD-Dg9__DyVZFZGgrLpdgUgcUounKqbb0TlHqhmK9KI6KqyyC5sp6FinrdtioaeSFM6WUrEKTSS-Yd4wcwWHQL_wiI9NJIxJsxUlaCq1pRZq1zuvQmlNSN4OlWQs2yB-NoYhCDkmx2JTmCMxTf1RqE0E4D3epzkzWy4aGtRauUcLqOMVhoFQ01t85Ta5hlfATPUPgNKnr8FtbkfoW4VYTMaiZaINCR0HoER1vhN9kCrJu_sn787-lDuF0ip3CqWzuCwWb1wx_DLftz82W9GsPw7Hw2fzdOuYJxPtB_ANZTBW8
linkProvider	ProQuest
linkToHtml	http://cvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMw1V3LbtNAFL0qKRKwAFpABArMggpYWMx4PA8vEAqPqFHTEIkildUwngdCgjgkgao_xTcy17FLNrDrgo0tjS3LHh_f4ztz5xyAx1GlzFholuU8qqyIQme28i7TOiqXKM1G5hqzCTWZ6JOTcroFv7q1MFhW2cXEJlD72uEY-XOOWloq8Q97Of-eoWsUzq52FhprWByGs9OUsi1fjN6k97uf58O3x68PstZVIHNcilUWWcr6Cq-qKnhBaRCKhSK3IkFTRsmVCywWNOiqUikoCWHzICuBoopBsuAZT9e9BNtFAjvtwfZ0dDT9eD6qgyqbmtF1hT3nJcV56ESqqS1HBtzgvsYi4G9E0LDb8Mb_1i834Xr7H00Ga-DvwFaY7cK1DXXFXdhp49aSPG3FtZ_dAj_wdo4hnrxLu2_tKlRSR5JYG-U0yPuU2NcLMq7bwUzSWEOlrVtXT6zOSFNnQYZf69MMDU8bm43gyahbPHkbPlzIs9-B3qyehbtAZJBWomaOlbIQXJWKMue813mwMae-D_sdBsx8LShiUiKGWDGbWOnDKwTI-TkoA9401IvPpo0qhseqFJVSwusy5ZGxUjSW3PlAnWWO8T48QXgZDFapL5xt11ykW0XZLzPQAsWahNZ92OvgZdootjR_sHXv34cfwZWD46OxGY8mh_fhao4eyU0d3h70Vosf4QFcdj9XX5aLh-0HQ-DTRWPxN-oLVIY
linkToPdf	http://cvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMw1V1Nb9QwEB2VLUJwAFpALBTwgQo4RI3jOHYOCG1pV6xaLSs-pN6C44-qEmyW3YWqf41fx0zWKXuBWw9cEimJosR5fpOxx-8BPA8KM2OpeZKJoJI8SJ2Y2tlE66AshjQTuG3NJtR4rE9OyskG_OrWwlBZZceJLVG7xtIY-Z4gLS2F8YfvhVgWMTkYvpl9T8hBimZaOzuNFUSO_MU5pm-L16MD_Na7WTY8_PT2XRIdBhIrCrlMAscMMHeqrr2Taeql4j7PjESYFqEQynoe8tTrulZIUFKazBe1JIFFX3DvuMD7XoNNJTDp6cHm_uF48uFyhIcUNzVPV9X2QpQpzUljgMVjGUXDtTjY2gX8LSi0kW54539uo7twO_5fs8GqQ2zBhp9uw6011cVt2Ip8tmAvo-j2q3vgBs7MiPrZe9x9i6tTWRMYRnOS2WAfMeFv5uy4iYOcrLWMwq1dVVUsL1hbf8GGX5vzhIxQW_sN79ioW1R5Hz5fybs_gN60mfqHwApfmIK0dExR5FKoUqXcWud05k3IUteH3Q4P1WwlNFJhgka4qdZx04d9AsvlNSQP3h5o5qdVZJtKhLqUtVLS6RLzy1CrNJTCOp9awy0XfXhBUKuIxLAtrIlrMfBRSQ6sGmhJIk5S6z7sdFCrIrstqj84e_Tv08_gBgKwOh6Njx7DzYysk9vyvB3oLec__BO4bn8uzxbzp7HvMPhy1VD8DcZVXSA
openUrl	ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info%3Aofi%2Fenc%3AUTF-8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsummon.serialssolutions.com&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Adaptive+Optimization+of+Traffic+Sensor+Locations+Under+Uncertainty+Using+Flow-Constrained+Inference&rft.jtitle=Applied+sciences&rft.au=Owais+Mahmoud&rft.au=Allam%2C+Amira+A&rft.date=2025-09-01&rft.pub=MDPI+AG&rft.eissn=2076-3417&rft.volume=15&rft.issue=18&rft.spage=10257&rft_id=info:doi/10.3390%2Fapp151810257&rft.externalDBID=HAS_PDF_LINK
thumbnail_l	http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/lc.gif&issn=2076-3417&client=summon
thumbnail_m	http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/mc.gif&issn=2076-3417&client=summon
thumbnail_s	http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/sc.gif&issn=2076-3417&client=summon