Neonatal, infant and child health in South Africa: Reflecting on the past towards a better future

Although the neonatal mortality rate in South Africa (SA) has remained stagnant at 12 deaths per 1 000 live births, the infant and under-5 mortality rates have significantly declined since peaking in 2003. Policy changes that have influenced this decline include policies to prevent vertical HIV tran...

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Vydáno v:South African medical journal = Suid-Afrikaanse tydskrif vir geneeskunde Ročník 109; číslo 11b; s. 83
Hlavní autoři: Goga, A, Feucht, U, Zar, H J, Vanker, A, Wiysonge, C S, McKerrow, N, Wright, C Y, Loveday, M, Odendaal, W, Ramokolo, V, Ramraj, T, Bamford, L, Green, R J, Pillay, Y, Nannan, N
Médium: Journal Article
Jazyk:angličtina
Vydáno: South Africa 05.12.2019
Témata:
Anti-HIV Agents - therapeutic use
Breast Feeding
Child Health
Child Mortality
Child Nutrition Disorders - epidemiology
Child Nutrition Disorders - mortality
Child Nutrition Disorders - prevention & control
Child, Preschool
Environmental Pollution - prevention & control
Environmental Pollution - statistics & numerical data
Female
Health Policy
HIV Infections - prevention & control
HIV Infections - transmission
Humans
Infant
Infant Formula
Infant Health
Infant Mortality
Infant Nutrition Disorders - epidemiology
Infant Nutrition Disorders - mortality
Infant Nutrition Disorders - prevention & control
Infant, Newborn
Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical - prevention & control
Maternal Health
Morbidity
Pregnancy
Respiratory Tract Diseases - epidemiology
Respiratory Tract Diseases - mortality
South Africa - epidemiology
Sustainable Development
Tuberculosis - epidemiology
Tuberculosis - mortality
Vaccine-Preventable Diseases - epidemiology
Vaccine-Preventable Diseases - mortality
Vaccines - therapeutic use
South Africa
ISSN:2078-5135, 2078-5135
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Shrnutí:Although the neonatal mortality rate in South Africa (SA) has remained stagnant at 12 deaths per 1 000 live births, the infant and under-5 mortality rates have significantly declined since peaking in 2003. Policy changes that have influenced this decline include policies to prevent vertical HIV transmission, earlier treatment of children living with HIV, expanded immunisation policies, strengthening breastfeeding practices, and health policies to contain tobacco and sugar use. The Sustainable Development Goals (2016 - 2030) have shifted the focus from keeping children alive, as expressed in the Millennium Development Goals (1990 - 2015), to achieving optimal health through the 'Survive, thrive and transform' global agenda. This paper focuses on important remaining causes of childhood mortality and morbidity in SA, specifically respiratory illness, environmental pollution, tuberculosis, malnutrition and vaccine-preventable conditions. The monitoring of maternal and child health (MCH) outcomes is crucial, and has improved in SA through both the District Health Information and Civil Registration and Vital Statistics systems, although gaps remain. Intermittent surveys and research augment the routinely collected data. However, availability and use of local data to inform quality and effectiveness of care is critical, and this requires ownership at the collection point to facilitate local redress. Potential game changers to improve MCH outcomes include mobile health and community-based interventions. In SA, improved MCH remains a crucial factor for human capital development. There is a pressing need to focus beyond childhood mortality and to ensure that each child thrives.
Bibliografie:ObjectType-Article-1
SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1
ObjectType-Feature-2
content type line 23
ISSN:2078-5135
2078-5135
DOI:10.7196/SAMJ.2019.v109i11b.14301