Environmental factors and risk of multiple sclerosis: Findings from meta-analyses and Mendelian randomization studies

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic demyelinating disease that is associated with permanent disability and low quality of life. Development of MS is attributed to a combination of genetic and environmental factors. Genome-wide association studies revealed more than 200 variants that are associated...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Multiple sclerosis Vol. 26; no. 4; p. 397
Main Authors: Belbasis, Lazaros, Bellou, Vanesa, Evangelou, Evangelos, Tzoulaki, Ioanna
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: England 01.04.2020
Subjects:
Adolescent
Adult
Antigens, Viral - blood
Body Mass Index
Child
Humans
Infectious Mononucleosis - complications
Mendelian Randomization Analysis
Meta-Analysis as Topic
Multiple Sclerosis - blood
Multiple Sclerosis - epidemiology
Multiple Sclerosis - etiology
Multiple Sclerosis - genetics
Smoking - adverse effects
risk factors
umbrella review
environmental factors
multiple sclerosis
Biomarkers
meta-analysis
Mendelian randomization
ISSN:1477-0970, 1477-0970
Online Access:Get more information
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Summary:Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic demyelinating disease that is associated with permanent disability and low quality of life. Development of MS is attributed to a combination of genetic and environmental factors. Genome-wide association studies revealed more than 200 variants that are associated with risk of MS. An umbrella review showed that smoking, history of infectious mononucleosis, and anti-Epstein-Barr virus nuclear antigen (anti-EBNA) immunoglobulin G (IgG) seropositivity are credible risk factors of MS. In the present narrative review, we updated our published umbrella review, showing that body mass index in childhood and adolescence and anti-viral capsid antigen (anti-VCA) IgG seropositivity are additional credible risk factors of MS. In addition, we discuss the findings from Mendelian randomization studies, which present evidence for a potential causal role of serum vitamin D and adulthood body mass index on risk of MS. Finally, we discuss the potential limitations of meta-analyses, umbrella reviews, and Mendelian randomization studies in the search for risk factors of MS.
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ISSN:1477-0970
1477-0970
DOI:10.1177/1352458519872664