An Exploration of the Involuntary Celibate (Incel) Subculture Online
Incels, a portmanteau of the term involuntary celibates, operate in online communities to discuss difficulties in attaining sexual relationships. Past reports have found that multiple elements of the incel culture are misogynistic and favorable towards violence. Further, several violent incidents ha...
Gespeichert in:
| Veröffentlicht in: | Journal of interpersonal violence Jg. 37; H. 7-8; S. NP4981 - NP5008 |
|---|---|
| Hauptverfasser: | , , |
| Format: | Journal Article |
| Sprache: | Englisch |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Los Angeles, CA
SAGE Publications
01.04.2022
SAGE PUBLICATIONS, INC |
| Schlagworte: | |
| ISSN: | 0886-2605, 1552-6518, 1552-6518 |
| Online-Zugang: | Volltext |
| Tags: |
Tag hinzufügen
Keine Tags, Fügen Sie den ersten Tag hinzu!
|
| Abstract | Incels, a portmanteau of the term involuntary celibates, operate in online communities to discuss difficulties in attaining sexual relationships. Past reports have found that multiple elements of the incel culture are misogynistic and favorable towards violence. Further, several violent incidents have been linked to this community, which suggests that incel communities may resemble other ideologically motivated extremist groups. The current study employed an inductive qualitative analysis of over 8,000 posts made in two online incel communities to identify the norms, values, and beliefs of these groups from a subcultural perspective. Analyses found that the incel community was structured around five interrelated normative orders: the sexual market, women as naturally evil, legitimizing masculinity, male oppression, and violence. The implications of this analysis for our understanding of extremism and the role of the internet in radicalization to violence are considered in depth. |
|---|---|
| AbstractList | Incels, a portmanteau of the term
, operate in online communities to discuss difficulties in attaining sexual relationships. Past reports have found that multiple elements of the incel culture are misogynistic and favorable towards violence. Further, several violent incidents have been linked to this community, which suggests that incel communities may resemble other ideologically motivated extremist groups. The current study employed an inductive qualitative analysis of over 8,000 posts made in two online incel communities to identify the norms, values, and beliefs of these groups from a subcultural perspective. Analyses found that the incel community was structured around five interrelated normative orders: the sexual market, women as naturally evil, legitimizing masculinity, male oppression, and violence. The implications of this analysis for our understanding of extremism and the role of the internet in radicalization to violence are considered in depth. Incels, a portmanteau of the term involuntary celibates, operate in online communities to discuss difficulties in attaining sexual relationships. Past reports have found that multiple elements of the incel culture are misogynistic and favorable towards violence. Further, several violent incidents have been linked to this community, which suggests that incel communities may resemble other ideologically motivated extremist groups. The current study employed an inductive qualitative analysis of over 8,000 posts made in two online incel communities to identify the norms, values, and beliefs of these groups from a subcultural perspective. Analyses found that the incel community was structured around five interrelated normative orders: the sexual market, women as naturally evil, legitimizing masculinity, male oppression, and violence. The implications of this analysis for our understanding of extremism and the role of the internet in radicalization to violence are considered in depth.Incels, a portmanteau of the term involuntary celibates, operate in online communities to discuss difficulties in attaining sexual relationships. Past reports have found that multiple elements of the incel culture are misogynistic and favorable towards violence. Further, several violent incidents have been linked to this community, which suggests that incel communities may resemble other ideologically motivated extremist groups. The current study employed an inductive qualitative analysis of over 8,000 posts made in two online incel communities to identify the norms, values, and beliefs of these groups from a subcultural perspective. Analyses found that the incel community was structured around five interrelated normative orders: the sexual market, women as naturally evil, legitimizing masculinity, male oppression, and violence. The implications of this analysis for our understanding of extremism and the role of the internet in radicalization to violence are considered in depth. Incels, a portmanteau of the term involuntary celibates, operate in online communities to discuss difficulties in attaining sexual relationships. Past reports have found that multiple elements of the incel culture are misogynistic and favorable towards violence. Further, several violent incidents have been linked to this community, which suggests that incel communities may resemble other ideologically motivated extremist groups. The current study employed an inductive qualitative analysis of over 8,000 posts made in two online incel communities to identify the norms, values, and beliefs of these groups from a subcultural perspective. Analyses found that the incel community was structured around five interrelated normative orders: the sexual market, women as naturally evil, legitimizing masculinity, male oppression, and violence. The implications of this analysis for our understanding of extremism and the role of the internet in radicalization to violence are considered in depth. |
| Author | Holt, Thomas J. O’Malley, Roberta Liggett Holt, Karen |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Roberta Liggett orcidid: 0000-0002-1960-7078 surname: O’Malley fullname: O’Malley, Roberta Liggett – sequence: 2 givenname: Karen surname: Holt fullname: Holt, Karen – sequence: 3 givenname: Thomas J. surname: Holt fullname: Holt, Thomas J. |
| BackLink | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32969306$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed |
| BookMark | eNp9kb1PwzAQxS0EglLYmVAkFhgCthPbyYjKVyUkBmCObOcMQa5dbAfBf09KC0iVYLrhfu_07r1dtOm8A4QOCD4lRIgzXFWccsworlnNKdtAI8IYzTkj1SYaLdb5Yr-DdmN8wRgTVlXbaKegNa8LzEfo4txll-9z64NMnXeZN1l6hmzq3rztXZLhI5uA7ZRMkB1PnQZ7kt33Svc29QGyO2c7B3toy0gbYX81x-jx6vJhcpPf3l1PJ-e3uS44S7kibVsyTTVhoLEBoVVLCakFALREaUJUUZpKlEZhWRfKGC2E1kbVqmAMZDFGx8u78-Bfe4ipmXVxsGSlA9_HhpblEIMQuBrQozX0xffBDe4aykteE0L5gjpcUb2aQdvMQzcbXm6-8xkAvAR08DEGMD8Iwc2igma9gkHC1yS6S1_hpiA7-58wXwqjfIJfu3_ynyCWlTs |
| CitedBy_id | crossref_primary_10_1002_ejsp_2912 crossref_primary_10_1111_cars_12460 crossref_primary_10_18778_1733_8077_20_2_01 crossref_primary_10_1080_1068316X_2025_2528084 crossref_primary_10_1080_01639625_2022_2133650 crossref_primary_10_1007_s11199_024_01478_x crossref_primary_10_1177_00111287241301009 crossref_primary_10_1080_01639625_2024_2417824 crossref_primary_10_1080_14680777_2025_2473395 crossref_primary_10_1007_s11920_022_01382_9 crossref_primary_10_3389_fpsyg_2023_1230577 crossref_primary_10_1080_09589236_2024_2427192 crossref_primary_10_1177_23780231241272681 crossref_primary_10_1080_14680777_2023_2279920 crossref_primary_10_1080_00224499_2023_2249775 crossref_primary_10_1177_20563051251332679 crossref_primary_10_3138_cjhs_2024_0007 crossref_primary_10_1007_s40806_022_00336_x crossref_primary_10_1080_19434472_2023_2276485 crossref_primary_10_46928_iticusbe_1558931 crossref_primary_10_1080_0735648X_2022_2074867 crossref_primary_10_1177_09567976211036065 crossref_primary_10_1007_s13278_023_01187_5 crossref_primary_10_1007_s40750_023_00219_w crossref_primary_10_1093_socpro_spaf052 crossref_primary_10_3389_fpsyt_2025_1464625 crossref_primary_10_3138_cjc_2022_07_25 crossref_primary_10_1002_bsl_2648 crossref_primary_10_1177_1097184X241240415 crossref_primary_10_1177_11033088231179552 crossref_primary_10_1002_aps_1837 crossref_primary_10_1080_01639625_2023_2233668 crossref_primary_10_1080_00224499_2024_2340110 crossref_primary_10_3389_frsps_2024_1383152 crossref_primary_10_1111_sjop_13062 crossref_primary_10_1111_gwao_13199 crossref_primary_10_1097_PRA_0000000000000738 crossref_primary_10_1080_01639625_2023_2268253 crossref_primary_10_1007_s12144_025_07335_8 crossref_primary_10_38146_BSZ_2022_SPEC_3_2 crossref_primary_10_1007_s10508_023_02796_z crossref_primary_10_1007_s11199_021_01250_5 crossref_primary_10_1111_asap_12308 crossref_primary_10_1177_01461672231203123 crossref_primary_10_1177_09732586251344024 crossref_primary_10_1007_s11199_024_01538_2 crossref_primary_10_1007_s12119_022_10031_5 crossref_primary_10_3389_fdgth_2023_1297983 crossref_primary_10_1177_11033088241296626 crossref_primary_10_1177_14614448241305420 crossref_primary_10_1007_s44206_024_00106_1 crossref_primary_10_1080_23779497_2024_2390370 crossref_primary_10_1080_01639625_2023_2284284 crossref_primary_10_1080_19434472_2025_2486796 crossref_primary_10_1111_jftr_12526 crossref_primary_10_1515_lingvan_2023_0112 crossref_primary_10_1080_19485565_2023_2220950 crossref_primary_10_1515_mks_2022_0021 crossref_primary_10_1007_s12144_024_06236_6 crossref_primary_10_1007_s10610_023_09559_5 crossref_primary_10_33415_daad_1593060 crossref_primary_10_1080_0735648X_2023_2169330 crossref_primary_10_1007_s11199_023_01410_9 |
| Cites_doi | 10.1111/j.1745-9125.1998.tb01251.x 10.1007/s12103-018-9439-5 10.1017/S0003055412000615 10.1111/1745-9133.12092 10.2307/2095521 10.1080/1057610X.2011.604831 10.1093/bjc/azu106 10.4135/9781526402264 10.1080/09546553.2014.975649 10.1080/09546553.2011.594923 10.1037/0003-066X.41.1.3 10.1093/oxfordjournals.bjc.a014232 10.5040/9798400691317.ch-012 10.1007/s12119-001-1028-x 10.1177/2167696812467330 10.4324/9781351157803-2 10.1017/CBO9780511804618 10.1080/01639625.2010.538356 10.1080/01639625.2016.1197704 10.1080/19434472.2015.1101147 10.1177/0891241609342239 10.1080/01639620590888285 10.1007/978-0-387-71613-8_2 10.1037/1524-9220.3.1.41 10.5204/ijcjsd.v5i2.310 10.1080/00224490109552083 10.1037/a0012453 10.1111/j.1540-4560.1958.tb01414.x 10.1002/9781118923986 10.1177/1097184X16652654 10.1080/17538068.2016.1235531 10.1177/0894439309351344 10.1177/1097184X17706401 10.4324/9781315649566 10.1027/1864-9335/a000248 10.1016/j.coviro.2020.01.001 10.1080/09546553.2019.1699793 10.1007/s11199-015-0484-y 10.1080/09546553.2019.1638256 10.1007/s10940-014-9239-0 10.1177/1741659011417604 10.1017/CBO9780511489761.012 10.5038/1944-0472.4.4.2 10.1037/0003-066X.55.5.469 10.4324/9781315775944 10.1177/1097184X18816118 10.5038/1944-0472.4.4.1 10.1037/0003-066X.60.2.161 10.1080/09546550802073367 10.1007/BF00988593 10.1080/01924036.2014.922321 10.1111/1532-7795.1301001 10.1177/1557085108316731 10.1177/0743558407299697 10.1111/j.1745-9133.2009.00571.x 10.7312/hamm18174 10.1080/17467586.2018.1470661 10.1037/a0029826 10.1172/JCI129121 10.1080/01639620601131065 10.1080/00224499309551698 10.1177/1079063209344979 |
| ContentType | Journal Article |
| Copyright | 2020 SAGE Publications |
| Copyright_xml | – notice: 2020 SAGE Publications |
| DBID | AAYXX CITATION CGR CUY CVF ECM EIF NPM 7U3 7U4 BHHNA DWI K7. NAPCQ WZK 7X8 |
| DOI | 10.1177/0886260520959625 |
| DatabaseName | CrossRef Medline MEDLINE MEDLINE (Ovid) MEDLINE MEDLINE PubMed Social Services Abstracts Sociological Abstracts (pre-2017) Sociological Abstracts Sociological Abstracts ProQuest Criminal Justice (Alumni) Nursing & Allied Health Premium Sociological Abstracts (Ovid) MEDLINE - Academic |
| DatabaseTitle | CrossRef MEDLINE Medline Complete MEDLINE with Full Text PubMed MEDLINE (Ovid) Sociological Abstracts (pre-2017) Nursing & Allied Health Premium ProQuest Criminal Justice (Alumni) Social Services Abstracts Sociological Abstracts MEDLINE - Academic |
| DatabaseTitleList | MEDLINE MEDLINE - Academic Sociological Abstracts (pre-2017) CrossRef |
| Database_xml | – sequence: 1 dbid: NPM name: PubMed url: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed sourceTypes: Index Database – sequence: 2 dbid: 7X8 name: MEDLINE - Academic url: https://search.proquest.com/medline sourceTypes: Aggregation Database |
| DeliveryMethod | fulltext_linktorsrc |
| Discipline | Social Welfare & Social Work Psychology Sociology & Social History |
| EISSN | 1552-6518 |
| EndPage | NP5008 |
| ExternalDocumentID | 32969306 10_1177_0886260520959625 10.1177_0886260520959625 |
| Genre | Journal Article |
| GroupedDBID | --- -TM -~X ..I .2G .2L 01A 09Z 0R~ 18M 1VV 1~K 29K 31S 31V 31W 31X 3EH 4.4 53G 56W 5GY 5VS 5WV 9M8 AABOD AACKU AADIR AADUE AAGGD AAGLT AAGLX AAJPV AAKTJ AAMFR AANSI AAPEO AAQDB AAQXI AARIX AATAA AAWLO AAWTL ABAWP ABCCA ABCJG ABEIX ABFXH ABHQH ABIDT ABIVO ABKRH ABPNF ABPPZ ABQKF ABQPY ABQXT ABRHV ABUJY ABYTW ACAEP ACDXX ACFUR ACFZE ACGFS ACHQT ACJER ACLZU ACMJI ACNCT ACOFE ACOXC ACROE ACRPL ACSIQ ACTDY ACUFS ACUIR ADDLC ADEBD ADEIA ADMHG ADNMO ADNON ADPEE ADRRZ ADSTG ADTOS ADUKL ADXHL ADYCS AEDXQ AEILP AEOBU AESMA AESZF AEUHG AEVPJ AEWDL AEWHI AEXNY AFEET AFKBI AFKRG AFMOU AFQAA AFUIA AFWMB AGDVU AGKLV AGNHF AGNWV AGQPQ AGWNL AHDMH AHHFK AHWHD AJUXI AJUZI ALFTD ALMA_UNASSIGNED_HOLDINGS ALZUE ANDLU ARTOV ASPBG AUTPY AUVAJ AVWKF AYPQM AZFZN B8O B8S B8T B8Z BDZRT BKOMP BMVBW BPACV BYIEH CAG CBRKF CCGJY CEADM COF CS3 D-I DD0 DD~ DG~ DOPDO DU5 DV7 DV8 EBS EIHBH EJD F5P FEDTE FHBDP GROUPED_SAGE_PREMIER_JOURNAL_COLLECTION H13 HF~ HVGLF HZ~ H~9 IAO IBB ICJ IEA IER IHR IMI INH INR IOF IPO IPY ITC IVC J8X LGEZI LOTEE LPU N9A NADUK NHB NXXTH O9- OHT P.B P2P PQQKQ Q1R Q7O Q7P Q7X RIG ROL RXW S01 SASJQ SAUOL SBI SCNPE SFB SFC SFD SFK SFT SFX SGP SGU SGV SHB SHF SHM SPJ SPP SQCSI SSDHQ TAE TN5 UKR ULE UMD WH7 WHG XOL YYQ ZCA ZGI ZHY ZPLXX ZPPRI ZUP ~32 ~34 0SE AAEJI AAPII AAYXX ABUAX ACCVC AJGYC AJHME AJVBE AMNSR CITATION CGR CUY CVF ECM EIF M4V NPM 7U3 7U4 BHHNA DWI K7. NAPCQ WZK 7X8 |
| ID | FETCH-LOGICAL-c365t-b1dd45c2c15ec0fe7cbd21197eeed1bc11b34f874fb0a93bffc77ccfb9b355ea3 |
| IEDL.DBID | AEVPJ |
| ISICitedReferencesCount | 101 |
| ISICitedReferencesURI | http://www.webofscience.com/api/gateway?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=Summon&SrcAuth=ProQuest&DestLinkType=CitingArticles&DestApp=WOS_CPL&KeyUT=000575481700001&url=https%3A%2F%2Fcvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com%2F%23%21%2Fsearch%3Fho%3Df%26include.ft.matches%3Dt%26l%3Dnull%26q%3D |
| ISSN | 0886-2605 1552-6518 |
| IngestDate | Sun Sep 28 02:04:59 EDT 2025 Fri Nov 14 07:12:08 EST 2025 Thu Apr 03 07:05:36 EDT 2025 Tue Nov 18 21:40:42 EST 2025 Sat Nov 29 08:15:58 EST 2025 Tue Jun 17 22:38:33 EDT 2025 |
| IsPeerReviewed | true |
| IsScholarly | true |
| Issue | 7-8 |
| Keywords | extremism masculinity technology subculture violence |
| Language | English |
| LinkModel | DirectLink |
| MergedId | FETCHMERGED-LOGICAL-c365t-b1dd45c2c15ec0fe7cbd21197eeed1bc11b34f874fb0a93bffc77ccfb9b355ea3 |
| Notes | ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 14 content type line 23 |
| ORCID | 0000-0002-1960-7078 |
| PMID | 32969306 |
| PQID | 2646911268 |
| PQPubID | 30963 |
| ParticipantIDs | proquest_miscellaneous_2445967708 proquest_journals_2646911268 pubmed_primary_32969306 crossref_primary_10_1177_0886260520959625 crossref_citationtrail_10_1177_0886260520959625 sage_journals_10_1177_0886260520959625 |
| PublicationCentury | 2000 |
| PublicationDate | 20220400 2022-04-00 20220401 |
| PublicationDateYYYYMMDD | 2022-04-01 |
| PublicationDate_xml | – month: 4 year: 2022 text: 20220400 |
| PublicationDecade | 2020 |
| PublicationPlace | Los Angeles, CA |
| PublicationPlace_xml | – name: Los Angeles, CA – name: United States – name: Thousand Oaks |
| PublicationTitle | Journal of interpersonal violence |
| PublicationTitleAlternate | J Interpers Violence |
| PublicationYear | 2022 |
| Publisher | SAGE Publications SAGE PUBLICATIONS, INC |
| Publisher_xml | – name: SAGE Publications – name: SAGE PUBLICATIONS, INC |
| References | Holt, Freilich, Chermak, Mills, Silva 2019; 44 Koehler 2016 Williams, Horgan, Evans 2016; 8 Auerbach, Silverstein 2003 Nagle 2017 Jennings 2018 Bartlett, Miller 2012; 24 Salter, Crofts, Comella, Tarrant 2015 Weimann 2011; 34 Hotez 2019; 129 Jenkins 2001 Freilich, Chermak, Gruenewald 2015; 39 Muir 1977 Arnett 2000; 55 LaFree, Bersani 2014; 13 Carroll, Willoughby, Badger, Nelson, McNamara Barry, Madsen 2007; 22 Simi, Futrell 2010 Hotez, Nuzhath, Colwell 2020; 41 Wolfgang, Ferracuti 1967 Levinson 1986; 4 Maratea 2011; 32 Silverman 2013 Quinn, Forsyth 2005; 26 Holt, Bossler 2015 Mann, Sutton 1998; 38 Freilich, Adamczyk, Chermak, Boyd, Parkin 2015; 31 Braithwaite 1989 Cohen 1955 Maurer 1974 Burgess, Donnelly, Dillard, Davis 2001; 5 Laumann, Gagnon, Michael, Michaels 1994 Young 2011; 7 Skolnick 1966 Smith, Damphousse 2009; 8 Klee 2018 Hutchings, Holt 2015; 55 Swidler 1986; 51 Wootton, Hotez, Boom 2019; 10 Moran, Lucas, Everhart, Morgan, Prickett 2016; 9 Caspi, Pulkkinen, Caspi 2002 Crisafi, Mullins, Jasinski, Navarro, Clevenger, Marcum 2016 Holt, Freilich, Chermak 2016; 47 McCauley, Moskalenko 2011 Donnelly 1993; 30 Dragiewicz 2008; 3 Borum 2011; 4 Hegghammer 2013; 107 Hamm, Spaaij 2017 Saldana 2009 Mccauley, Moskalenko 2008; 20 Neugarten, Moore, Lowe, Neugarten 1968 Hamm 2002 LaFree, Freilich 2016 Silke, Chen, Reid, Sinai, Silke, Ganor 2008 Ironwood 2013 Parkin, Freilich 2015; 27 bibr8-0886260520959625 bibr12-0886260520959625 bibr20-0886260520959625 bibr55-0886260520959625 bibr38-0886260520959625 bibr47-0886260520959625 bibr71-0886260520959625 Klee M. (bibr46a-0886260520959625) 2018 Neugarten B. L. (bibr60-0886260520959625) 1968 bibr70-0886260520959625 bibr13-0886260520959625 bibr56-0886260520959625 bibr62-0886260520959625 Skolnick J. (bibr68-0886260520959625) 1966 bibr39-0886260520959625 bibr22-0886260520959625 bibr10-0886260520959625 bibr61-0886260520959625 Crisafi D. N. (bibr19-0886260520959625) 2016 bibr48-0886260520959625 bibr9-0886260520959625 bibr6-0886260520959625 bibr52-0886260520959625 bibr79-0886260520959625 bibr1-0886260520959625 bibr34a-0886260520959625 bibr65-0886260520959625 bibr24a-0886260520959625 bibr66-0886260520959625 Maurer D. W. (bibr53-0886260520959625) 1974 bibr45-0886260520959625 Nagle A. (bibr59-0886260520959625) 2017 bibr73-0886260520959625 bibr37-0886260520959625 bibr11-0886260520959625 bibr21-0886260520959625 Wolfgang M. E. (bibr80-0886260520959625) 1967 Muir W. (bibr58-0886260520959625) 1977 bibr24-0886260520959625 bibr42-0886260520959625 bibr16-0886260520959625 bibr25-0886260520959625 bibr76-0886260520959625 McCauley C. (bibr54-0886260520959625) 2011 bibr3-0886260520959625 bibr34c-0886260520959625 Wootton S. (bibr81-0886260520959625) 2019; 10 bibr50-0886260520959625 bibr34-0886260520959625 bibr77-0886260520959625 Hamm M. S. (bibr29-0886260520959625) 2002 bibr17-0886260520959625 bibr18-0886260520959625 bibr32-0886260520959625 bibr34b-0886260520959625 bibr69-0886260520959625 bibr75-0886260520959625 Cohen A. K. (bibr14-0886260520959625) 1955 Salter M. (bibr63-0886260520959625) 2015 bibr26-0886260520959625 bibr4-0886260520959625 Auerbach C. F. (bibr2-0886260520959625) 2003 Jennings R. (bibr43-0886260520959625) 2018 bibr78-0886260520959625 bibr5-0886260520959625 bibr27-0886260520959625 bibr35-0886260520959625 bibr40-0886260520959625 bibr74-0886260520959625 bibr31-0886260520959625 bibr44-0886260520959625 bibr82-0886260520959625 bibr57-0886260520959625 bibr23-0886260520959625 Ironwood I. (bibr41-0886260520959625) 2013 bibr15-0886260520959625 bibr28-0886260520959625 Saldana J. (bibr62a-0886260520959625) 2009 bibr30-0886260520959625 Laumann E. (bibr49-0886260520959625) 1994 Holt T. J. (bibr36-0886260520959625) 2016; 47 bibr7-0886260520959625 bibr67-0886260520959625 bibr64-0886260520959625 bibr51-0886260520959625 bibr51a-0886260520959625 bibr33-0886260520959625 bibr46-0886260520959625 bibr72-0886260520959625 |
| References_xml | – year: 2018 article-title: Incels categorize women by personal style and attractiveness. – volume: 5 start-page: 5 issue: 3 year: 2001 end-page: 30 article-title: Surfing for sex: Studying involuntary celibacy using the internet. – year: 2001 – year: 1989 – volume: 55 start-page: 469 year: 2000 end-page: 480 article-title: Emerging adulthood: A theory of development from the late teens through the twenties. – year: 2017 – volume: 24 start-page: 1 issue: 1 year: 2012 end-page: 21 article-title: The edge of violence: Towards telling the difference between violent and non-violent radicalization. – volume: 34 start-page: 765 year: 2011 end-page: 781 article-title: Cyber-Fatwas and terrorism. – volume: 4 start-page: 7 issue: 4 year: 2011 end-page: 36 article-title: Radicalization into violent extremism I: A review of social science theories. – year: 2003 – volume: 41 start-page: 1 year: 2020 end-page: 7 article-title: Combatting vaccine hesitancy and other 21st century social determinants in the global fight against measles. – volume: 38 start-page: 201 year: 1998 end-page: 229 article-title: Netcrime: More change in the organization of thieving. – volume: 22 start-page: 219 year: 2007 end-page: 247 article-title: So close, yet so far away: The impact of varying marital horizons on emerging adulthood. – volume: 4 start-page: 37 issue: 4 year: 2011 end-page: 62 article-title: Radicalization into violent extremism II: A review of conceptual models and empirical research. – start-page: 281 year: 2002 end-page: 301 article-title: Social selection, social causation, and developmental pathways: Empirical strategies for better understanding how individuals and environments are linked across the life-course – year: 2013 – volume: 32 start-page: 918 issue: 10 year: 2011 end-page: 943 article-title: Screwing the pooch: Legitimizing accounts in a zoophilia on-line community. – year: 1994 – volume: 20 start-page: 415 year: 2008 end-page: 433 article-title: Mechanisms of Political Radicalization: Pathways Toward Terrorism. – year: 2009 – volume: 27 start-page: 182 year: 2015 end-page: 203 article-title: Routine activities and right-wing extremists: An empirical comparison of the victims of ideologically and non-ideologically motivated homicides committed by American far-rightists. – volume: 4 start-page: 3 year: 1986 end-page: 13 article-title: A conception of adult development. – volume: 8 start-page: 475 year: 2009 end-page: 496 article-title: Patterns of precursor behaviors in the life span of a US Environmental Terrorist Group. – volume: 31 start-page: 383 year: 2015 end-page: 411 article-title: Disorganization, diversity and deadly far-right ideological violence: A county level analysis. – volume: 51 start-page: 273 issue: 2 year: 1986 end-page: 286 article-title: Culture in action: Symbols and strategies. – year: 2016 – volume: 26 start-page: 191 issue: 3 year: 2005 end-page: 207 article-title: Describing sexual behavior in the era of the internet: A typology for empirical research. – year: 2017 – volume: 10 start-page: 1 year: 2019 end-page: 4 article-title: Texas: Averting disease and confronting a new vaccine refusal hierarchy. – year: 2018 – year: 1966 – volume: 8 start-page: 45 issue: 1 year: 2016 end-page: 65 article-title: The critical role of friends in networks for countering violent extremism: Toward a theory of vicarious help-seeking. – start-page: 27 year: 2008 end-page: 50 article-title: Research on terrorism: A review of the impact of 9/11 and the global war on terrorism – year: 2011 – volume: 129 start-page: 2169 issue: 6 year: 2019 end-page: 2171 article-title: The physician-scientist: Defending vaccines and combating antiscience. – year: 2010 – start-page: 95 year: 2016 end-page: 123 article-title: The rise of the “virtual predator”: Technologyand the expanding reach of intimate partner abuse – year: 2016 – year: 2002 – year: 1955 – start-page: 23 year: 1968 end-page: 28 article-title: Age norms, age constraints, and adult socialization – year: 1967 – volume: 55 start-page: 596 issue: 3 year: 2015 end-page: 614 article-title: A crime script analysis of the online stolen data market. – volume: 30 start-page: 171 year: 1993 end-page: 179 article-title: Sexually inactive marriages. – volume: 9 start-page: 151 year: 2016 end-page: 163 article-title: What makes anti-vaccine websites persuasive? A content analysis of techniques used by antivaccine websites to engender anti-vaccine sentiment. – year: 2013 – volume: 47 start-page: 1 year: 2016 end-page: 15 article-title: Internet-based radicalization as enculturation to violent deviant subcultures. – volume: 13 start-page: 455 year: 2014 end-page: 481 article-title: County-level correlates of terrorist attacks in the United States. – year: 1977 – volume: 107 start-page: 1 year: 2013 end-page: 15 article-title: Should I stay or should I go? Explaining variation in Western jihadists’ choice between domestic and foreign fighting. – year: 2015 – volume: 44 start-page: 83 issue: 1 year: 2019 end-page: 105 article-title: Loners, colleagues, or peers? Assessing the social organization of radicalization. – volume: 3 start-page: 121 issue: 2 year: 2008 end-page: 144 article-title: Patriarchy reasserted: Fathers’ rights and anti-VAWA activism. – volume: 39 start-page: 353 issue: 4 year: 2015 end-page: 369 article-title: The future of terrorism research: A review essay. – year: 1974 – start-page: 233 year: 2015 end-page: 253 article-title: Responding to revenge porn: Challenging online legal immunity – volume: 7 start-page: 245 issue: 3 year: 2011 end-page: 258 article-title: Moral panics and the transgressive other. – ident: bibr32-0886260520959625 doi: 10.1111/j.1745-9125.1998.tb01251.x – ident: bibr37-0886260520959625 doi: 10.1007/s12103-018-9439-5 – ident: bibr31-0886260520959625 doi: 10.1017/S0003055412000615 – ident: bibr42-0886260520959625 – ident: bibr47-0886260520959625 doi: 10.1111/1745-9133.12092 – ident: bibr70-0886260520959625 doi: 10.2307/2095521 – ident: bibr78-0886260520959625 doi: 10.1080/1057610X.2011.604831 – ident: bibr40-0886260520959625 doi: 10.1093/bjc/azu106 – ident: bibr66-0886260520959625 doi: 10.4135/9781526402264 – ident: bibr61-0886260520959625 doi: 10.1080/09546553.2014.975649 – ident: bibr4-0886260520959625 doi: 10.1080/09546553.2011.594923 – ident: bibr50-0886260520959625 doi: 10.1037/0003-066X.41.1.3 – ident: bibr51-0886260520959625 doi: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.bjc.a014232 – start-page: 233 year: 2015 ident: bibr63-0886260520959625 publication-title: New views on pornography: Sexuality, politics and the law doi: 10.5040/9798400691317.ch-012 – ident: bibr11-0886260520959625 doi: 10.1007/s12119-001-1028-x – ident: bibr64-0886260520959625 doi: 10.1177/2167696812467330 – ident: bibr6-0886260520959625 – ident: bibr55-0886260520959625 doi: 10.4324/9781351157803-2 – ident: bibr10-0886260520959625 doi: 10.1017/CBO9780511804618 – ident: bibr5-0886260520959625 – ident: bibr52-0886260520959625 doi: 10.1080/01639625.2010.538356 – ident: bibr34b-0886260520959625 doi: 10.1080/01639625.2016.1197704 – ident: bibr79-0886260520959625 doi: 10.1080/19434472.2015.1101147 – ident: bibr7-0886260520959625 doi: 10.1177/0891241609342239 – ident: bibr62-0886260520959625 doi: 10.1080/01639620590888285 – year: 2017 ident: bibr59-0886260520959625 publication-title: Kill all normies: The online culture wars from Tumblr and 4Chan to the Alt-right and Trump – ident: bibr65-0886260520959625 doi: 10.1007/978-0-387-71613-8_2 – year: 2003 ident: bibr2-0886260520959625 publication-title: Qualitative data: An introduction to coding and analysis – ident: bibr76-0886260520959625 doi: 10.1037/1524-9220.3.1.41 – ident: bibr28-0886260520959625 doi: 10.5204/ijcjsd.v5i2.310 – ident: bibr22-0886260520959625 doi: 10.1080/00224490109552083 – year: 2013 ident: bibr41-0886260520959625 publication-title: The Manosphere: How the res-pill, game, and the internet are revalorizing masculinity for the 21st century – ident: bibr74-0886260520959625 doi: 10.1037/a0012453 – year: 2018 ident: bibr46a-0886260520959625 publication-title: The disturbing reason incels are obsessed with teenage love – ident: bibr15-0886260520959625 doi: 10.1111/j.1540-4560.1958.tb01414.x – ident: bibr48-0886260520959625 doi: 10.1002/9781118923986 – ident: bibr75-0886260520959625 doi: 10.1177/1097184X16652654 – volume: 10 start-page: 1 year: 2019 ident: bibr81-0886260520959625 publication-title: Journal of Applied Research on Children: Informing Policy for Children at Risk – ident: bibr57-0886260520959625 doi: 10.1080/17538068.2016.1235531 – year: 1955 ident: bibr14-0886260520959625 publication-title: Delinquent boys: The culture of the gang – ident: bibr34-0886260520959625 doi: 10.1177/0894439309351344 – ident: bibr17-0886260520959625 – ident: bibr27-0886260520959625 doi: 10.1177/1097184X17706401 – start-page: 95 year: 2016 ident: bibr19-0886260520959625 publication-title: The intersection between intimate partner abuse, technology, and cybercrime: Examining the virtual enemy – ident: bibr46-0886260520959625 doi: 10.4324/9781315649566 – ident: bibr20-0886260520959625 doi: 10.1027/1864-9335/a000248 – ident: bibr39-0886260520959625 doi: 10.1016/j.coviro.2020.01.001 – year: 2018 ident: bibr43-0886260520959625 publication-title: Vox – ident: bibr45-0886260520959625 – year: 1967 ident: bibr80-0886260520959625 publication-title: The subculture of violence: Towards and integrated theory in criminology – ident: bibr44-0886260520959625 doi: 10.1080/09546553.2019.1699793 – ident: bibr67-0886260520959625 – year: 1977 ident: bibr58-0886260520959625 publication-title: Police: Streetcorner politicians – ident: bibr77-0886260520959625 doi: 10.1007/s11199-015-0484-y – ident: bibr3-0886260520959625 doi: 10.1080/09546553.2019.1638256 – year: 2002 ident: bibr29-0886260520959625 publication-title: In bad company: America’s terrorist underground – ident: bibr25-0886260520959625 doi: 10.1007/s10940-014-9239-0 – start-page: 23 year: 1968 ident: bibr60-0886260520959625 publication-title: Middle age and aging: A reader in social psychology – ident: bibr82-0886260520959625 doi: 10.1177/1741659011417604 – ident: bibr13-0886260520959625 doi: 10.1017/CBO9780511489761.012 – year: 1966 ident: bibr68-0886260520959625 publication-title: Justice without trial: Law enforcement in a democratic society – ident: bibr24a-0886260520959625 – year: 2009 ident: bibr62a-0886260520959625 publication-title: The coding manual for qualitative researchers – ident: bibr9-0886260520959625 doi: 10.5038/1944-0472.4.4.2 – ident: bibr1-0886260520959625 doi: 10.1037/0003-066X.55.5.469 – ident: bibr35-0886260520959625 doi: 10.4324/9781315775944 – ident: bibr72-0886260520959625 doi: 10.1177/1097184X18816118 – ident: bibr8-0886260520959625 doi: 10.5038/1944-0472.4.4.1 – ident: bibr56-0886260520959625 doi: 10.1037/0003-066X.60.2.161 – ident: bibr51a-0886260520959625 doi: 10.1080/09546550802073367 – ident: bibr18-0886260520959625 doi: 10.1007/BF00988593 – ident: bibr26-0886260520959625 doi: 10.1080/01924036.2014.922321 – year: 1994 ident: bibr49-0886260520959625 publication-title: The social organization of sexuality: Sexual practices in the United States – ident: bibr16-0886260520959625 doi: 10.1111/1532-7795.1301001 – ident: bibr24-0886260520959625 – ident: bibr23-0886260520959625 doi: 10.1177/1557085108316731 – ident: bibr12-0886260520959625 doi: 10.1177/0743558407299697 – ident: bibr69-0886260520959625 doi: 10.1111/j.1745-9133.2009.00571.x – ident: bibr30-0886260520959625 doi: 10.7312/hamm18174 – year: 1974 ident: bibr53-0886260520959625 publication-title: The American confidence man – ident: bibr34c-0886260520959625 doi: 10.1080/17467586.2018.1470661 – ident: bibr73-0886260520959625 doi: 10.1037/a0029826 – ident: bibr38-0886260520959625 doi: 10.1172/JCI129121 – ident: bibr71-0886260520959625 – ident: bibr33-0886260520959625 doi: 10.1080/01639620601131065 – year: 2011 ident: bibr54-0886260520959625 publication-title: Friction: How radicalization happens to them and us – volume: 47 start-page: 1 year: 2016 ident: bibr36-0886260520959625 publication-title: Deviant Behavior – ident: bibr21-0886260520959625 doi: 10.1080/00224499309551698 – ident: bibr34a-0886260520959625 doi: 10.1177/1079063209344979 |
| SSID | ssj0001588 |
| Score | 2.6088073 |
| Snippet | Incels, a portmanteau of the term involuntary celibates, operate in online communities to discuss difficulties in attaining sexual relationships. Past reports... Incels, a portmanteau of the term , operate in online communities to discuss difficulties in attaining sexual relationships. Past reports have found that... |
| SourceID | proquest pubmed crossref sage |
| SourceType | Aggregation Database Index Database Enrichment Source Publisher |
| StartPage | NP4981 |
| SubjectTerms | Aggression Celibacy Community Extremism Female Gender-Based Violence Humans Internet Involuntary Male Marital Status Masculinity Oppression Qualitative research Radicalism Sexual Abstinence - psychology Sexual behavior Subcultures Violence Women |
| Title | An Exploration of the Involuntary Celibate (Incel) Subculture Online |
| URI | https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.1177/0886260520959625 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32969306 https://www.proquest.com/docview/2646911268 https://www.proquest.com/docview/2445967708 |
| Volume | 37 |
| WOSCitedRecordID | wos000575481700001&url=https%3A%2F%2Fcvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com%2F%23%21%2Fsearch%3Fho%3Df%26include.ft.matches%3Dt%26l%3Dnull%26q%3D |
| hasFullText | 1 |
| inHoldings | 1 |
| isFullTextHit | |
| isPrint | |
| journalDatabaseRights | – providerCode: PRVSPB databaseName: SAGE HSS 2015 customDbUrl: eissn: 1552-6518 dateEnd: 99991231 omitProxy: false ssIdentifier: ssj0001588 issn: 0886-2605 databaseCode: AEVPJ dateStart: 19990101 isFulltext: true titleUrlDefault: http://journals.sagepub.com/ providerName: SAGE Publications |
| link | http://cvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwvV1Lb9QwEB61Ww698FheW5bKSKiiB7NxXk5OaFVaAUJVD1D2FtmOLVVssyjNIu2_ZyZOsioViBNX27GTeDz-7Jn5BuB1IsMg0WXGlY4tj1MXcyWykoeZMqEprQtal__Lz_L8PFss8osdqPpYmO4P3rwltyp8o1ZZ0-qm2-hZZ2Sc4dJogXhIt1iI4N-tm-vC33b3STWohMzT62uybBvyh9zwPrptF_ZC4okZwd789PLi06C7RdJmqqT-OQ2wNWzeGfP2RnYHnd7yDGs3q7MH__szH8L9DtayuZfDR7BjqzHsD9p1M4apDwRm3-zSqdqyI9YXrOrvYzgYIme2NZ7CZPMY3s8r5p0FWzliK8cQt7KPFenWqlH1hp1YPPgjbmZvUOPZ5TFDjehZRSzzdKpP4OvZ6ZeTD7xL_8BNlCYN16Is4wQlRiTWBM5Ko0vio5MW93WhjRA6il0mY6cDlUfaOSOlMU7nGkGUVdFTGFWryj4HpoQSGrGNEXiadTrLAxWnuXRElm_yMJjArJ_LwnTc6JSiY1mIng79t6mYwPHwxA_PC_KXttNePIp-4gsEomlO8VvZBF4N1bi2yWCjKrtaY5s4xg6kDLDNMy9Ww2BRmFMWy3QCRyRD247_9BYH_9rwBeyHFOPRuidNYdTUa_sS7pmfzdVNfQi7cpEdduvmF6kwKBo |
| linkProvider | SAGE Publications |
| linkToHtml | http://cvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwpV1LT9wwEB5RQCoXSpfX0qV1JYTgEIgTZ50cVxTEY7viwOsW2Y4tIVZZFBak_feM4yTLQ0VIvSZjx_J4xp_jmW8AtiIe-JHMYk9Ipj3WNcwTNM68IBYqUJk2fhnyf9Xng0F8c5Ocvyj1Vc3gw54Nq8IRlc66sW7LlBQ7DB7YH1gI3r_AHEPUjjY51zu8Oj9t3DCNyqKTVt6zDaZ3lO_6eL0nvQOar4K8yn3n6Nt_jHgJFiuwSXpudXyHGZ23YKHxeZMWdFx6LrnWQyMKTbZJ_WBU3LVgo8lnmb5xxCKTZfjTy4kL4Su1S0aGIJokJ7n1ePlYFBNyoPE4jmiW7KAf0sNdgn7KcX1o4khOV-Dy6PDi4NirijJ4KuxGY0_SLGMR6pFGWvlGcyUzyxLHNe62VCpKZchMzJmRvkhCaYziXCkjE4nQRotwFWbzUa7XgQgqqETEoSieMY2ME1_gYZ0bS2GvksBvw36tllRVjOW2cMYwpTVJ-ZupbcNu0-LesXV8INupNZ3WOkwRHnYTm1UVt-F38xotzl6jiFyPHlGGMeyAcx9l1twKaT4WBomtLdltw7ZdDtOO_zWKjc8K_oKvxxd_-2n_ZHD2AxYCm4VRBhB1YHZcPOpNmFdP49uH4mdlCM8N-v8V |
| linkToPdf | http://cvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwpV1JSwMxFH5oFfHiUrfWqhFE9DB2MkszcyxqcaP04HYbkkwCYpnKWIX-e19mKyqK4HXmJRPylnxv8haAA585ti_iwOLCU5bX0Z7FaRBbTsClI2Ol7Szk__6G9fvB42M4KGJzTC5MsYOvJyasCleUGWuj3S-xbhd3jG3UjAyHO-YnFgL4WZhDr8ZGMZ_rnt8PripTTP2s8aSht8yA6T3ltzk-n0vfwOanQK_s7Okt_3PVK7BUgE7SzaVkFWZUUofFyvZN6tDK03TJgxpqnipySMoHo_S5Ds0qr2X6Ji8wMlmDs25C8lC-jMtkpAmiSnKZGMuXjHk6IacK3XJEteQI7ZEaHhO0V3nND0XyYqfrcNc7vz29sIrmDJZ0O_7YEjSOPR_5SX0lba2YFLGpFscUnrpUSEqF6-mAeVrYPHSF1pIxKbUIBUIcxd0NqCWjRG0B4ZRTgchDUvQ1tQhCm6PTzrQpZS9Dx25Au2RNJIvK5aaBxjCiZbHyL1vbgONqxEteteMX2lbJ7ajkY4QwsROa7KqgAfvVa9Q8c53CEzV6QxrPwwkYs5FmM5eS6mOuE5oek50GHBqRmE780yqafyXcg4XBWS-6uexfb8OiY5IxsjiiFtTG6ZvagXn5Pn56TXcLXfgAhbcBmA |
| openUrl | ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info%3Aofi%2Fenc%3AUTF-8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsummon.serialssolutions.com&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=An+Exploration+of+the+Involuntary+Celibate+%28Incel%29+Subculture+Online&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+interpersonal+violence&rft.au=O%E2%80%99Malley+Roberta+Liggett&rft.au=Holt%2C+Karen&rft.au=Holt%2C+Thomas+J&rft.date=2022-04-01&rft.pub=SAGE+PUBLICATIONS%2C+INC&rft.issn=0886-2605&rft.eissn=1552-6518&rft.volume=37&rft.issue=7-8&rft.spage=NP4981&rft.epage=NP5008&rft_id=info:doi/10.1177%2F0886260520959625&rft.externalDBID=NO_FULL_TEXT |
| thumbnail_l | http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/lc.gif&issn=0886-2605&client=summon |
| thumbnail_m | http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/mc.gif&issn=0886-2605&client=summon |
| thumbnail_s | http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/sc.gif&issn=0886-2605&client=summon |