A More Nuanced View of Reliability Specificity in the Trait Hierarchy

Retest reliability is a better predictor of validity than is internal consistency. One explanation for this is item-specific variance, which distinguishes different nuances of a facet and contributes to retest reliability but not internal consistency. Specific variance at the facet level is temporal...

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Vydáno v:Personality and social psychology review Ročník 19; číslo 2; s. 97 - 112
Hlavní autor: McCrae, Robert R.
Médium: Journal Article
Jazyk:angličtina
Vydáno: Los Angeles, CA SAGE Publications 01.05.2015
SAGE PUBLICATIONS, INC
Témata:
Humans
Measures
Personality
Personality Inventory
Personality psychology
Personality tests
Personality traits
Psychometrics
Reliability
Reproducibility of Results
Specificity
Statistics as Topic
Validation studies
Five-Factor Model
consensual validation
scalar equivalence
scale development
reliability
ISSN:1088-8683, 1532-7957, 1532-7957
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Shrnutí:Retest reliability is a better predictor of validity than is internal consistency. One explanation for this is item-specific variance, which distinguishes different nuances of a facet and contributes to retest reliability but not internal consistency. Specific variance at the facet level is temporally stable, consensually validated, and heritable; a consideration of the role of specific variance in personality measures leads to a distinction between traits as the intersection (∩) versus the union (∪) of their constituents. I discuss specific variance at the item level and its implications for scale development and argue that retest reliability outpredicts internal consistency because item-specific variance has been shown to be observable, and is probably heritable and stable. I consider some implications of these ideas for the use of single-item scales, the causal interpretation of traits, and the notion of scalar equivalence. Finally, I note that the sources of random error in scales are still poorly understood.
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ISSN:1088-8683
1532-7957
1532-7957
DOI:10.1177/1088868314541857