The conservation of Afro‐Palaearctic migrants: What we are learning and what we need to know?

The global long‐term decline of migrant birds represents an important and challenging issue for conservation scientists and practitioners. This review draws together recent research directed at the Afro‐Palaearctic flyway and considers its implications for conservation. The greatest advances in know...

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Veröffentlicht in:Ibis (London, England) Jg. 165; H. 3; S. 717 - 738
Hauptverfasser: Vickery, Juliet A., Mallord, John W., Adams, William M., Beresford, Alison E., Both, Christiaan, Cresswell, Will, Diop, Ngoné, Ewing, Steven R., Gregory, Richard D., Morrison, Catriona A., Sanderson, Fiona J., Thorup, Kasper, Van Wijk, Rien E., Hewson, Chris M.
Format: Journal Article
Sprache:Englisch
Veröffentlicht: Oxford Blackwell Publishing Ltd 01.07.2023
Schlagworte:
Adaptive management
Africa
Agriculture
Animal breeding
Annual variations
Anthropogenic factors
Arid zones
Breeding grounds
Breeding seasons
Breeding sites
connectivity
Conservation
cost effectiveness
dispersal
East Atlantic flyway
Europe
Habitats
Human influences
Hunting
landscapes
Migration
Migratory birds
Monitoring
Plant species
Plantations
Planting
Population decline
Populations
Protected species
Protection
Reproduction
Species
Tracking
tree establishment
trees
trial solutions
uncertainty
Europe
Africa
ISSN:0019-1019, 1474-919X
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Abstract The global long‐term decline of migrant birds represents an important and challenging issue for conservation scientists and practitioners. This review draws together recent research directed at the Afro‐Palaearctic flyway and considers its implications for conservation. The greatest advances in knowledge have been made in the field of tracking. These studies reveal many species to be highly dispersed in the non‐breeding season, suggesting that site‐level conservation at a small number of locations will almost certainly be of limited value for most species. Instead, widespread but ‘shallow’ land‐sharing solutions are likely to be more effective but, because any local changes in Africa will affect many European populations, any impact will be extremely difficult to detect through monitoring in the breeding grounds. Targeted action to boost productivity in Europe may help to halt declines of some species but reversing declines for many species is also likely to require these ‘shallow’ land‐sharing approaches in non‐breeding areas. The retention or planting of native trees in the humid and arid zones within Africa may be a generic conservation tool, especially if planting is concentrated on favoured tree species. Overall, and despite a growing knowledge, we remain largely unable to progress beyond general flyway‐level actions, such as maintaining suitable habitat across an increasingly anthropogenic landscape for generalists, targeted site‐based conservation for specialists and at stop‐over sites, protection of species from hunting, and individual species‐level solutions. We remain unable to assess the cost‐effectiveness of more specific conservation action, mainly because of uncertainty around how migrant populations are affected by conditions during passage and on the non‐breeding grounds, as well as around the efficacy of implementation of actions, particularly in non‐breeding areas. For advances in knowledge to develop and implement effective conservation, scientific approaches need to be better integrated with each other and implemented across the full annual cycle. However, we urge the immediate use of available scientific knowledge rather than waiting for a complete understanding, and that any action is combined with species monitoring and adaptive management across the flyway. Le déclin mondial à long terme des oiseaux migrateurs représente un problème et un défi important pour les scientifiques et les professionnels de la conservation. Cette revue rassemble les recherches récentes effectuées sur la voie de migration afro‐paléarctique et examine leurs implications pour la conservation. Les plus grands progrès dans la connaissance ont été réalisés dans le domaine de la localisation. Ces études révèlent que de nombreuses espèces ont une très grande distribution géographique pendant la saison de non reproduction, ce qui suggère que la conservation à l'échelle de site d'un petit nombre de zones sera certainement d'une valeur limitée pour la majorité des espèces. En revanche, les solutions de partage des terres, répandues mais "superficielles", sont probablement plus efficaces, étant donné que tout changement local en Afrique affectera de nombreuses populations européennes, tout impact sera extrêmement difficile à détecter à travers le suivi dans les zones de reproduction. Une action ciblée visant à stimuler la productivité en Europe pourrait contribuer à enrayer le déclin de certaines espèces, mais l'inversion du déclin de nombreuses espèces nécessitera probablement aussi ces approches de partage des terres "superficielles" dans les zones de non reproduction. Le maintien ou la plantation d'arbres indigènes dans les zones humides et arides d'Afrique peut être un outil de conservation générique, en particulier si la plantation est concentrée sur des espèces d'arbres privilégiées. Dans l'ensemble, et malgré des connaissances de plus en plus approfondies, nous sommes toujours incapables de progresser au‐delà des actions générales à l’échelle de la voie de migration, telles que le maintien d'un habitat approprié dans un paysage de plus en plus anthropique pour les généralistes, la conservation ciblée de site pour les spécialistes et les sites d'escale, la protection des espèces contre la chasse et les solutions individuelles à l’échelle d’espèce. Nous ne sommes toujours pas en mesure d'évaluer le rapport coût‐efficacité d’une action de conservation plus spécifique, principalement en raison de l'incertitude quant à la manière dont les populations migrantes sont affectées par les conditions durant la migration et sur les sites de non reproduction, ainsi qu’à l'efficacité de la mise en œuvre des actions, en particulier dans les zones non reproduction. Pour que les progrès des connaissances permettent d'élaborer et de mettre en œuvre des mesures de conservation efficaces, les approches scientifiques doivent être mieux intégrées les unes aux autres et mises en œuvre sur l'ensemble du cycle annuel. Cependant, nous demandons instamment l'utilisation immédiate des connaissances scientifiques disponibles plutôt que d'attendre une compréhension complète, et que toute action soit combinée à un suivi des espèces et à une gestion adaptative sur l'ensemble de la voie de migration.
AbstractList The global long‐term decline of migrant birds represents an important and challenging issue for conservation scientists and practitioners. This review draws together recent research directed at the Afro‐Palaearctic flyway and considers its implications for conservation. The greatest advances in knowledge have been made in the field of tracking. These studies reveal many species to be highly dispersed in the non‐breeding season, suggesting that site‐level conservation at a small number of locations will almost certainly be of limited value for most species. Instead, widespread but ‘shallow’ land‐sharing solutions are likely to be more effective but, because any local changes in Africa will affect many European populations, any impact will be extremely difficult to detect through monitoring in the breeding grounds. Targeted action to boost productivity in Europe may help to halt declines of some species but reversing declines for many species is also likely to require these ‘shallow’ land‐sharing approaches in non‐breeding areas. The retention or planting of native trees in the humid and arid zones within Africa may be a generic conservation tool, especially if planting is concentrated on favoured tree species. Overall, and despite a growing knowledge, we remain largely unable to progress beyond general flyway‐level actions, such as maintaining suitable habitat across an increasingly anthropogenic landscape for generalists, targeted site‐based conservation for specialists and at stop‐over sites, protection of species from hunting, and individual species‐level solutions. We remain unable to assess the cost‐effectiveness of more specific conservation action, mainly because of uncertainty around how migrant populations are affected by conditions during passage and on the non‐breeding grounds, as well as around the efficacy of implementation of actions, particularly in non‐breeding areas. For advances in knowledge to develop and implement effective conservation, scientific approaches need to be better integrated with each other and implemented across the full annual cycle. However, we urge the immediate use of available scientific knowledge rather than waiting for a complete understanding, and that any action is combined with species monitoring and adaptive management across the flyway. Le déclin mondial à long terme des oiseaux migrateurs représente un problème et un défi important pour les scientifiques et les professionnels de la conservation. Cette revue rassemble les recherches récentes effectuées sur la voie de migration afro‐paléarctique et examine leurs implications pour la conservation. Les plus grands progrès dans la connaissance ont été réalisés dans le domaine de la localisation. Ces études révèlent que de nombreuses espèces ont une très grande distribution géographique pendant la saison de non reproduction, ce qui suggère que la conservation à l'échelle de site d'un petit nombre de zones sera certainement d'une valeur limitée pour la majorité des espèces. En revanche, les solutions de partage des terres, répandues mais "superficielles", sont probablement plus efficaces, étant donné que tout changement local en Afrique affectera de nombreuses populations européennes, tout impact sera extrêmement difficile à détecter à travers le suivi dans les zones de reproduction. Une action ciblée visant à stimuler la productivité en Europe pourrait contribuer à enrayer le déclin de certaines espèces, mais l'inversion du déclin de nombreuses espèces nécessitera probablement aussi ces approches de partage des terres "superficielles" dans les zones de non reproduction. Le maintien ou la plantation d'arbres indigènes dans les zones humides et arides d'Afrique peut être un outil de conservation générique, en particulier si la plantation est concentrée sur des espèces d'arbres privilégiées. Dans l'ensemble, et malgré des connaissances de plus en plus approfondies, nous sommes toujours incapables de progresser au‐delà des actions générales à l’échelle de la voie de migration, telles que le maintien d'un habitat approprié dans un paysage de plus en plus anthropique pour les généralistes, la conservation ciblée de site pour les spécialistes et les sites d'escale, la protection des espèces contre la chasse et les solutions individuelles à l’échelle d’espèce. Nous ne sommes toujours pas en mesure d'évaluer le rapport coût‐efficacité d’une action de conservation plus spécifique, principalement en raison de l'incertitude quant à la manière dont les populations migrantes sont affectées par les conditions durant la migration et sur les sites de non reproduction, ainsi qu’à l'efficacité de la mise en œuvre des actions, en particulier dans les zones non reproduction. Pour que les progrès des connaissances permettent d'élaborer et de mettre en œuvre des mesures de conservation efficaces, les approches scientifiques doivent être mieux intégrées les unes aux autres et mises en œuvre sur l'ensemble du cycle annuel. Cependant, nous demandons instamment l'utilisation immédiate des connaissances scientifiques disponibles plutôt que d'attendre une compréhension complète, et que toute action soit combinée à un suivi des espèces et à une gestion adaptative sur l'ensemble de la voie de migration.
The global long‐term decline of migrant birds represents an important and challenging issue for conservation scientists and practitioners. This review draws together recent research directed at the Afro‐Palaearctic flyway and considers its implications for conservation. The greatest advances in knowledge have been made in the field of tracking. These studies reveal many species to be highly dispersed in the non‐breeding season, suggesting that site‐level conservation at a small number of locations will almost certainly be of limited value for most species. Instead, widespread but ‘shallow’ land‐sharing solutions are likely to be more effective but, because any local changes in Africa will affect many European populations, any impact will be extremely difficult to detect through monitoring in the breeding grounds. Targeted action to boost productivity in Europe may help to halt declines of some species but reversing declines for many species is also likely to require these ‘shallow’ land‐sharing approaches in non‐breeding areas. The retention or planting of native trees in the humid and arid zones within Africa may be a generic conservation tool, especially if planting is concentrated on favoured tree species. Overall, and despite a growing knowledge, we remain largely unable to progress beyond general flyway‐level actions, such as maintaining suitable habitat across an increasingly anthropogenic landscape for generalists, targeted site‐based conservation for specialists and at stop‐over sites, protection of species from hunting, and individual species‐level solutions. We remain unable to assess the cost‐effectiveness of more specific conservation action, mainly because of uncertainty around how migrant populations are affected by conditions during passage and on the non‐breeding grounds, as well as around the efficacy of implementation of actions, particularly in non‐breeding areas. For advances in knowledge to develop and implement effective conservation, scientific approaches need to be better integrated with each other and implemented across the full annual cycle. However, we urge the immediate use of available scientific knowledge rather than waiting for a complete understanding, and that any action is combined with species monitoring and adaptive management across the flyway.
Author Diop, Ngoné
Thorup, Kasper
Ewing, Steven R.
Vickery, Juliet A.
Van Wijk, Rien E.
Sanderson, Fiona J.
Adams, William M.
Morrison, Catriona A.
Both, Christiaan
Hewson, Chris M.
Beresford, Alison E.
Cresswell, Will
Mallord, John W.
Gregory, Richard D.
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  surname: Hewson
  fullname: Hewson, Chris M.
  organization: British Trust for Ornithology
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Snippet The global long‐term decline of migrant birds represents an important and challenging issue for conservation scientists and practitioners. This review draws...
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SubjectTerms Adaptive management
Africa
Agriculture
Animal breeding
Annual variations
Anthropogenic factors
Arid zones
Breeding grounds
Breeding seasons
Breeding sites
connectivity
Conservation
cost effectiveness
dispersal
East Atlantic flyway
Europe
Habitats
Human influences
Hunting
landscapes
Migration
Migratory birds
Monitoring
Plant species
Plantations
Planting
Population decline
Populations
Protected species
Protection
Reproduction
Species
Tracking
tree establishment
trees
trial solutions
uncertainty
Title The conservation of Afro‐Palaearctic migrants: What we are learning and what we need to know?
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https://www.proquest.com/docview/2823595433
https://www.proquest.com/docview/2834254680
Volume 165
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