PI-RADSv2.1 combined with PSA density for optimizing prostate biopsy decisions: a retrospective analysis
This study aimed to explore the application value of the Prostate Imaging Reporting and Data System version 2.1 (PI-RADS v2.1) combined with prostate-specific antigen density (PSAD) for guiding prostate biopsy, with the goal of improving biopsy positivity rates and reducing unnecessary procedures. A...
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| Vydáno v: | Frontiers in oncology Ročník 15; s. 1602412 |
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2025
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| Abstract | This study aimed to explore the application value of the Prostate Imaging Reporting and Data System version 2.1 (PI-RADS v2.1) combined with prostate-specific antigen density (PSAD) for guiding prostate biopsy, with the goal of improving biopsy positivity rates and reducing unnecessary procedures.
A retrospective analysis was conducted on data from 462 patients (44-89years) who underwent prostate biopsy. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to identify independent risk factors for clinically significant prostate cancer (csPCa). Independent risk factors were explored to establish a diagnostic model for csPCa and indications for prostate biopsy. The diagnostic performance was evaluated by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis, assessing sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, biopsy avoidance rate, and missed diagnosis rate.
Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses indicated that PI-RADS v2.1 score [
< 0.001; odds ratio (OR) =9.779; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 5.849-16.349] and PSA density (PSAD) [
< 0.001; OR = 6.128; 95% CI = 2.292-16.386] were independent risk factors for csPCa. The combined PI-RADS v2.1 and PSAD approach exhibited excellent diagnostic performance (AUC = 0.966), with sensitivity and specificity of 92.4% and 91.6%, respectively. The threshold for diagnosing csPCa was a PI-RADS v2.1 score of ≥ 4 and PSAD ≥ 0.30 ng/(mL·cm³). Specifically, no csPCa was detected among patients with PI-RADS ≤ 2 and PSAD < 0.30 ng/(mL·cm³), indicating these biopsies could be safely avoided. Similarly, for patients with a PI-RADS v2.1 score of 3 and PSAD < 0.15 ng/(mL·cm³), the csPCa detection rate was also zero, supporting biopsy avoidance in these cases.
The use of the PI-RADS v2.1 score combined with PSAD is recommended as an indication for prostate biopsy: (1) For patients with PI-RADS scores of 1-2, biopsy can be avoided if PSAD is < 0.30 ng/(mL·cm³), whereas biopsy is recommended if PSAD is ≥ 0.30 ng/(mL·cm³). (2) For patients with a PI-RADS score of 3, biopsy can be avoided if PSAD is < 0.15 ng/(mL·cm³), but it is recommended if PSAD is ≥ 0.15 ng/(mL·cm³). (3) Patients with a PI-RADS score of 4 are recommended for biopsy in all cases. (4) For patients with a PI-RADS score of 5, biopsy is recommended if PSAD is < 2.00 ng/(mL·cm³), but empirical initiation of treatment without biopsy may be considered if PSAD ≥ 2.00 ng/(mL·cm³), subject to ethics committee approval. Using these criteria, 40% (186/462) of patients in this study could potentially avoid prostate biopsy. |
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| AbstractList | This study aimed to explore the application value of the Prostate Imaging Reporting and Data System version 2.1 (PI-RADS v2.1) combined with prostate-specific antigen density (PSAD) for guiding prostate biopsy, with the goal of improving biopsy positivity rates and reducing unnecessary procedures.ObjectiveThis study aimed to explore the application value of the Prostate Imaging Reporting and Data System version 2.1 (PI-RADS v2.1) combined with prostate-specific antigen density (PSAD) for guiding prostate biopsy, with the goal of improving biopsy positivity rates and reducing unnecessary procedures.A retrospective analysis was conducted on data from 462 patients (44-89years) who underwent prostate biopsy. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to identify independent risk factors for clinically significant prostate cancer (csPCa). Independent risk factors were explored to establish a diagnostic model for csPCa and indications for prostate biopsy. The diagnostic performance was evaluated by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis, assessing sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, biopsy avoidance rate, and missed diagnosis rate.MethodsA retrospective analysis was conducted on data from 462 patients (44-89years) who underwent prostate biopsy. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to identify independent risk factors for clinically significant prostate cancer (csPCa). Independent risk factors were explored to establish a diagnostic model for csPCa and indications for prostate biopsy. The diagnostic performance was evaluated by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis, assessing sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, biopsy avoidance rate, and missed diagnosis rate.Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses indicated that PI-RADS v2.1 score [P < 0.001; odds ratio (OR) =9.779; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 5.849-16.349] and PSA density (PSAD) [P < 0.001; OR = 6.128; 95% CI = 2.292-16.386] were independent risk factors for csPCa. The combined PI-RADS v2.1 and PSAD approach exhibited excellent diagnostic performance (AUC = 0.966), with sensitivity and specificity of 92.4% and 91.6%, respectively. The threshold for diagnosing csPCa was a PI-RADS v2.1 score of ≥ 4 and PSAD ≥ 0.30 ng/(mL·cm³). Specifically, no csPCa was detected among patients with PI-RADS ≤ 2 and PSAD < 0.30 ng/(mL·cm³), indicating these biopsies could be safely avoided. Similarly, for patients with a PI-RADS v2.1 score of 3 and PSAD < 0.15 ng/(mL·cm³), the csPCa detection rate was also zero, supporting biopsy avoidance in these cases.ResultsUnivariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses indicated that PI-RADS v2.1 score [P < 0.001; odds ratio (OR) =9.779; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 5.849-16.349] and PSA density (PSAD) [P < 0.001; OR = 6.128; 95% CI = 2.292-16.386] were independent risk factors for csPCa. The combined PI-RADS v2.1 and PSAD approach exhibited excellent diagnostic performance (AUC = 0.966), with sensitivity and specificity of 92.4% and 91.6%, respectively. The threshold for diagnosing csPCa was a PI-RADS v2.1 score of ≥ 4 and PSAD ≥ 0.30 ng/(mL·cm³). Specifically, no csPCa was detected among patients with PI-RADS ≤ 2 and PSAD < 0.30 ng/(mL·cm³), indicating these biopsies could be safely avoided. Similarly, for patients with a PI-RADS v2.1 score of 3 and PSAD < 0.15 ng/(mL·cm³), the csPCa detection rate was also zero, supporting biopsy avoidance in these cases.The use of the PI-RADS v2.1 score combined with PSAD is recommended as an indication for prostate biopsy: (1) For patients with PI-RADS scores of 1-2, biopsy can be avoided if PSAD is < 0.30 ng/(mL·cm³), whereas biopsy is recommended if PSAD is ≥ 0.30 ng/(mL·cm³). (2) For patients with a PI-RADS score of 3, biopsy can be avoided if PSAD is < 0.15 ng/(mL·cm³), but it is recommended if PSAD is ≥ 0.15 ng/(mL·cm³). (3) Patients with a PI-RADS score of 4 are recommended for biopsy in all cases. (4) For patients with a PI-RADS score of 5, biopsy is recommended if PSAD is < 2.00 ng/(mL·cm³), but empirical initiation of treatment without biopsy may be considered if PSAD ≥ 2.00 ng/(mL·cm³), subject to ethics committee approval. Using these criteria, 40% (186/462) of patients in this study could potentially avoid prostate biopsy.ConclusionThe use of the PI-RADS v2.1 score combined with PSAD is recommended as an indication for prostate biopsy: (1) For patients with PI-RADS scores of 1-2, biopsy can be avoided if PSAD is < 0.30 ng/(mL·cm³), whereas biopsy is recommended if PSAD is ≥ 0.30 ng/(mL·cm³). (2) For patients with a PI-RADS score of 3, biopsy can be avoided if PSAD is < 0.15 ng/(mL·cm³), but it is recommended if PSAD is ≥ 0.15 ng/(mL·cm³). (3) Patients with a PI-RADS score of 4 are recommended for biopsy in all cases. (4) For patients with a PI-RADS score of 5, biopsy is recommended if PSAD is < 2.00 ng/(mL·cm³), but empirical initiation of treatment without biopsy may be considered if PSAD ≥ 2.00 ng/(mL·cm³), subject to ethics committee approval. Using these criteria, 40% (186/462) of patients in this study could potentially avoid prostate biopsy. ObjectiveThis study aimed to explore the application value of the Prostate Imaging Reporting and Data System version 2.1 (PI-RADS v2.1) combined with prostate-specific antigen density (PSAD) for guiding prostate biopsy, with the goal of improving biopsy positivity rates and reducing unnecessary procedures.MethodsA retrospective analysis was conducted on data from 462 patients (44-89years) who underwent prostate biopsy. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to identify independent risk factors for clinically significant prostate cancer (csPCa). Independent risk factors were explored to establish a diagnostic model for csPCa and indications for prostate biopsy. The diagnostic performance was evaluated by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis, assessing sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, biopsy avoidance rate, and missed diagnosis rate.ResultsUnivariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses indicated that PI-RADS v2.1 score [P < 0.001; odds ratio (OR) =9.779; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 5.849-16.349] and PSA density (PSAD) [P < 0.001; OR = 6.128; 95% CI = 2.292-16.386] were independent risk factors for csPCa. The combined PI-RADS v2.1 and PSAD approach exhibited excellent diagnostic performance (AUC = 0.966), with sensitivity and specificity of 92.4% and 91.6%, respectively. The threshold for diagnosing csPCa was a PI-RADS v2.1 score of ≥ 4 and PSAD ≥ 0.30 ng/(mL·cm³). Specifically, no csPCa was detected among patients with PI-RADS ≤ 2 and PSAD < 0.30 ng/(mL·cm³), indicating these biopsies could be safely avoided. Similarly, for patients with a PI-RADS v2.1 score of 3 and PSAD < 0.15 ng/(mL·cm³), the csPCa detection rate was also zero, supporting biopsy avoidance in these cases.ConclusionThe use of the PI-RADS v2.1 score combined with PSAD is recommended as an indication for prostate biopsy: (1) For patients with PI-RADS scores of 1-2, biopsy can be avoided if PSAD is < 0.30 ng/(mL·cm³), whereas biopsy is recommended if PSAD is ≥ 0.30 ng/(mL·cm³). (2) For patients with a PI-RADS score of 3, biopsy can be avoided if PSAD is < 0.15 ng/(mL·cm³), but it is recommended if PSAD is ≥ 0.15 ng/(mL·cm³). (3) Patients with a PI-RADS score of 4 are recommended for biopsy in all cases. (4) For patients with a PI-RADS score of 5, biopsy is recommended if PSAD is < 2.00 ng/(mL·cm³), but empirical initiation of treatment without biopsy may be considered if PSAD ≥ 2.00 ng/(mL·cm³), subject to ethics committee approval. Using these criteria, 40% (186/462) of patients in this study could potentially avoid prostate biopsy. This study aimed to explore the application value of the Prostate Imaging Reporting and Data System version 2.1 (PI-RADS v2.1) combined with prostate-specific antigen density (PSAD) for guiding prostate biopsy, with the goal of improving biopsy positivity rates and reducing unnecessary procedures. A retrospective analysis was conducted on data from 462 patients (44-89years) who underwent prostate biopsy. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to identify independent risk factors for clinically significant prostate cancer (csPCa). Independent risk factors were explored to establish a diagnostic model for csPCa and indications for prostate biopsy. The diagnostic performance was evaluated by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis, assessing sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, biopsy avoidance rate, and missed diagnosis rate. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses indicated that PI-RADS v2.1 score [ < 0.001; odds ratio (OR) =9.779; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 5.849-16.349] and PSA density (PSAD) [ < 0.001; OR = 6.128; 95% CI = 2.292-16.386] were independent risk factors for csPCa. The combined PI-RADS v2.1 and PSAD approach exhibited excellent diagnostic performance (AUC = 0.966), with sensitivity and specificity of 92.4% and 91.6%, respectively. The threshold for diagnosing csPCa was a PI-RADS v2.1 score of ≥ 4 and PSAD ≥ 0.30 ng/(mL·cm³). Specifically, no csPCa was detected among patients with PI-RADS ≤ 2 and PSAD < 0.30 ng/(mL·cm³), indicating these biopsies could be safely avoided. Similarly, for patients with a PI-RADS v2.1 score of 3 and PSAD < 0.15 ng/(mL·cm³), the csPCa detection rate was also zero, supporting biopsy avoidance in these cases. The use of the PI-RADS v2.1 score combined with PSAD is recommended as an indication for prostate biopsy: (1) For patients with PI-RADS scores of 1-2, biopsy can be avoided if PSAD is < 0.30 ng/(mL·cm³), whereas biopsy is recommended if PSAD is ≥ 0.30 ng/(mL·cm³). (2) For patients with a PI-RADS score of 3, biopsy can be avoided if PSAD is < 0.15 ng/(mL·cm³), but it is recommended if PSAD is ≥ 0.15 ng/(mL·cm³). (3) Patients with a PI-RADS score of 4 are recommended for biopsy in all cases. (4) For patients with a PI-RADS score of 5, biopsy is recommended if PSAD is < 2.00 ng/(mL·cm³), but empirical initiation of treatment without biopsy may be considered if PSAD ≥ 2.00 ng/(mL·cm³), subject to ethics committee approval. Using these criteria, 40% (186/462) of patients in this study could potentially avoid prostate biopsy. |
| Author | Qi, Xin He, Xiaodong Zeng, Yunfu Li, Yuchun Zhu, Yi Zhang, Yu Liu, Tianran Wang, Siran Wang, Jianqiu |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Yuchun surname: Li fullname: Li, Yuchun – sequence: 2 givenname: Siran surname: Wang fullname: Wang, Siran – sequence: 3 givenname: Jianqiu surname: Wang fullname: Wang, Jianqiu – sequence: 4 givenname: Xin surname: Qi fullname: Qi, Xin – sequence: 5 givenname: Tianran surname: Liu fullname: Liu, Tianran – sequence: 6 givenname: Xiaodong surname: He fullname: He, Xiaodong – sequence: 7 givenname: Yu surname: Zhang fullname: Zhang, Yu – sequence: 8 givenname: Yi surname: Zhu fullname: Zhu, Yi – sequence: 9 givenname: Yunfu surname: Zeng fullname: Zeng, Yunfu |
| BackLink | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/40687420$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed |
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| Cites_doi | 10.1007/s00261-020-02728-8 10.21037/tau-21-49 10.1016/j.eururo.2019.02.033 10.1038/s41391-021-00417-1 10.3348/kjr.2020.0837 10.1002/cam4.5100 10.1016/j.urology.2023.03.014 10.2478/raon-2023-0007 10.1007/s00345-018-2341-4 10.1590/S1677-5538.IBJU.2023.0060 10.1016/j.eururo.2021.11.019 10.1200/EDBK_279459 10.1002/jmri.27546 10.1016/j.prnil.2020.03.003 10.1186/s12957-023-02959-1 10.1016/j.diii.2020.01.014 10.1016/j.urology.2022.09.007 10.1016/j.eururo.2021.08.002 10.1007/s00261-022-03592-4 10.4103/aja.aja_55_19 10.3389/fonc.2021.811866 10.1155/2021/3995789 10.1016/j.euf.2023.10.006 10.1007/s11255-023-03692-0 10.2147/RRU.S362070 10.1016/j.ejca.2023.02.018 10.1016/j.eururo.2020.09.042 10.1148/radiol.223128 10.2214/AJR.19.22679 10.1007/s00261-020-02482-x 10.1038/s41391-022-00549-y 10.1016/j.euf.2019.11.012 10.1002/pros.24367 10.1186/s12967-023-04683-6 10.3322/caac.21834 |
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| Keywords | biopsy indications prostate cancer prostate imaging reporting and data system multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging prostate-specific antigen |
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| Title | PI-RADSv2.1 combined with PSA density for optimizing prostate biopsy decisions: a retrospective analysis |
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