Considering Section Balance in an Integer Optimization Model for the Curriculum-Based Course Timetabling Problem

University course timetabling is a complex and time-consuming duty that every educational institution faces regularly. It consists of scheduling a set of lectures in predefined time slots so as to avoid student conflicts, meet teacher and room availability, and manage several institution-specific op...

Celý popis

Uloženo v:
Podrobná bibliografie
Vydáno v:Mathematics (Basel) Ročník 8; číslo 10; s. 1763
Hlavní autoři: Palma, Cristian D., Bornhardt, Patrick
Médium: Journal Article
Jazyk:angličtina
Vydáno: Basel MDPI AG 01.10.2020
Témata:
ISSN:2227-7390, 2227-7390
On-line přístup:Získat plný text
Tagy: Přidat tag
Žádné tagy, Buďte první, kdo vytvoří štítek k tomuto záznamu!
Abstract University course timetabling is a complex and time-consuming duty that every educational institution faces regularly. It consists of scheduling a set of lectures in predefined time slots so as to avoid student conflicts, meet teacher and room availability, and manage several institution-specific operational rules. In this paper, we schedule courses based on a curriculum, that is, before the students’ registration. Unlike other curriculum-based models, the proposed model considers two practical aspects when managing the conflicts between lectures: (i) it schedules sections of subjects so that each section is evenly likely to be registered by the students, and (ii) it considers the failure rates and periodicity a subject is taught. We present a multi-objective integer programming model that maximizes the use of specific time slots, the symmetry in which the lectures of a course are scheduled during a week, and the flexibility for straggler students to take courses. The model is solved using commercial software, and it is applied to a real course-timetabling problem. We show the advantages of its use by comparing the model’s solution with the actual solution obtained by the manual scheduling.
AbstractList University course timetabling is a complex and time-consuming duty that every educational institution faces regularly. It consists of scheduling a set of lectures in predefined time slots so as to avoid student conflicts, meet teacher and room availability, and manage several institution-specific operational rules. In this paper, we schedule courses based on a curriculum, that is, before the students’ registration. Unlike other curriculum-based models, the proposed model considers two practical aspects when managing the conflicts between lectures: (i) it schedules sections of subjects so that each section is evenly likely to be registered by the students, and (ii) it considers the failure rates and periodicity a subject is taught. We present a multi-objective integer programming model that maximizes the use of specific time slots, the symmetry in which the lectures of a course are scheduled during a week, and the flexibility for straggler students to take courses. The model is solved using commercial software, and it is applied to a real course-timetabling problem. We show the advantages of its use by comparing the model’s solution with the actual solution obtained by the manual scheduling.
Author Palma, Cristian D.
Bornhardt, Patrick
Author_xml – sequence: 1
  givenname: Cristian D.
  orcidid: 0000-0001-9563-7773
  surname: Palma
  fullname: Palma, Cristian D.
– sequence: 2
  givenname: Patrick
  surname: Bornhardt
  fullname: Bornhardt, Patrick
BookMark eNptUU1r3DAQNSWBpklO_QOCHotT68OWdGxM2yykpJDkLMbSaKPFlrayfEh_fZ3dFkLpXGZ4vPd4M_OuOokpYlW9p80V57r5NEF5UrShsuNvqjPGmKzlip-8mt9Wl_O8a9bSlCuhz6p9n-IcHOYQt-QebQkpkmsYIVokIRKIZBMLbjGTu30JU_gFB8r35HAkPmVSnpD0S87BLuMy1dcwoyN9WvKM5CFMWGAYX8x_5DSMOF1Upx7GGS__9PPq8euXh_6mvr37tuk_39aWd6LUTHJk3dDyAYZusE6gBspaJS1T3jOkbnAtOu0Hhlx2inJLPXLQnbTgGuTn1ebo6xLszD6HCfKzSRDMAUh5ayCXYEc0Ujtuvesa9Fp4SWFQUgklLDBhW9GsXh-OXvucfi44F7Nb94trfMNaobRSou1WFj2ybE7znNEbG8rhWiVDGA1tzMufzKs_rZqP_2j-Jv0f-zfT4Jeg
CitedBy_id crossref_primary_10_1287_ited_2024_0095
crossref_primary_10_3390_computation13010010
crossref_primary_10_1007_s10479_024_06363_0
crossref_primary_10_1088_1742_6596_1920_1_012086
Cites_doi 10.1007/s00291-006-0074-z
10.1007/s10479-010-0735-9
10.1016/S0377-2217(01)00091-1
10.1016/j.amc.2005.07.039
10.1016/j.mcm.2007.03.012
10.1287/inte.1090.0485
10.1007/s10479-010-0700-7
10.1016/j.cor.2013.08.025
10.1016/S0377-2217(00)00052-7
10.1023/A:1006576209967
10.1016/j.dss.2011.10.011
10.1007/s10479-013-1321-8
10.1016/j.ejor.2008.04.038
10.1287/inte.27.4.67
10.1007/s10462-011-9262-6
10.1287/inte.32.6.45.6477
10.1111/j.1540-5915.1993.tb00490.x
10.1016/j.ejor.2014.03.015
10.1007/s11750-015-0366-z
10.1016/j.cor.2014.06.023
10.1016/0377-2217(95)00204-9
10.1016/S0377-2217(03)00103-6
10.1016/j.cor.2006.10.016
10.1007/s10951-008-0088-2
10.1007/s10287-007-0066-8
ContentType Journal Article
Copyright 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.
Copyright_xml – notice: 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.
DBID AAYXX
CITATION
3V.
7SC
7TB
7XB
8AL
8FD
8FE
8FG
8FK
ABJCF
ABUWG
AFKRA
ARAPS
AZQEC
BENPR
BGLVJ
CCPQU
DWQXO
FR3
GNUQQ
HCIFZ
JQ2
K7-
KR7
L6V
L7M
L~C
L~D
M0N
M7S
P62
PHGZM
PHGZT
PIMPY
PKEHL
PQEST
PQGLB
PQQKQ
PQUKI
PRINS
PTHSS
Q9U
DOA
DOI 10.3390/math8101763
DatabaseName CrossRef
ProQuest Central (Corporate)
Computer and Information Systems Abstracts
Mechanical & Transportation Engineering Abstracts
ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016)
Computing Database (Alumni Edition)
Technology Research Database
ProQuest SciTech Collection
ProQuest Technology Collection
ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016)
Materials Science & Engineering Collection
ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition)
ProQuest Central UK/Ireland
Advanced Technologies & Computer Science Collection
ProQuest Central Essentials
ProQuest Central
Technology Collection
ProQuest One Community College
ProQuest Central Korea
Engineering Research Database
ProQuest Central Student
SciTech Premium Collection
ProQuest Computer Science Collection
Computer Science Database
Civil Engineering Abstracts
ProQuest Engineering Collection
Advanced Technologies Database with Aerospace
Computer and Information Systems Abstracts – Academic
Computer and Information Systems Abstracts Professional
Computing Database
Engineering Database
ProQuest Advanced Technologies & Aerospace Collection
ProQuest Central Premium
ProQuest One Academic (New)
Publicly Available Content Database
ProQuest One Academic Middle East (New)
ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)
ProQuest One Applied & Life Sciences
ProQuest One Academic (retired)
ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition
ProQuest Central China
Engineering Collection
ProQuest Central Basic
DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals
DatabaseTitle CrossRef
Publicly Available Content Database
Computer Science Database
ProQuest Central Student
Technology Collection
Technology Research Database
Computer and Information Systems Abstracts – Academic
ProQuest One Academic Middle East (New)
Mechanical & Transportation Engineering Abstracts
ProQuest Advanced Technologies & Aerospace Collection
ProQuest Central Essentials
ProQuest Computer Science Collection
Computer and Information Systems Abstracts
ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition)
SciTech Premium Collection
ProQuest One Community College
ProQuest Central China
ProQuest Central
ProQuest One Applied & Life Sciences
ProQuest Engineering Collection
ProQuest Central Korea
ProQuest Central (New)
Advanced Technologies Database with Aerospace
Engineering Collection
Advanced Technologies & Aerospace Collection
Civil Engineering Abstracts
ProQuest Computing
Engineering Database
ProQuest Central Basic
ProQuest Computing (Alumni Edition)
ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition
ProQuest Technology Collection
ProQuest SciTech Collection
Computer and Information Systems Abstracts Professional
ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition
Materials Science & Engineering Collection
Engineering Research Database
ProQuest One Academic
ProQuest One Academic (New)
ProQuest Central (Alumni)
DatabaseTitleList CrossRef
Publicly Available Content Database

Database_xml – sequence: 1
  dbid: DOA
  name: DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals
  url: https://www.doaj.org/
  sourceTypes: Open Website
– sequence: 2
  dbid: PIMPY
  name: Publicly Available Content Database
  url: http://search.proquest.com/publiccontent
  sourceTypes: Aggregation Database
DeliveryMethod fulltext_linktorsrc
Discipline Mathematics
EISSN 2227-7390
ExternalDocumentID oai_doaj_org_article_79d3cfd60ef94f71ab878484ca24c540
10_3390_math8101763
GroupedDBID -~X
5VS
85S
8FE
8FG
AADQD
AAFWJ
AAYXX
ABDBF
ABJCF
ABPPZ
ABUWG
ACIPV
ACIWK
ADBBV
AFFHD
AFKRA
AFPKN
AFZYC
ALMA_UNASSIGNED_HOLDINGS
AMVHM
ARAPS
AZQEC
BCNDV
BENPR
BGLVJ
BPHCQ
CCPQU
CITATION
DWQXO
GNUQQ
GROUPED_DOAJ
HCIFZ
IAO
K6V
K7-
KQ8
L6V
M7S
MODMG
M~E
OK1
PHGZM
PHGZT
PIMPY
PQGLB
PQQKQ
PROAC
PTHSS
RNS
3V.
7SC
7TB
7XB
8AL
8FD
8FK
FR3
JQ2
KR7
L7M
L~C
L~D
M0N
P62
PKEHL
PQEST
PQUKI
PRINS
Q9U
ID FETCH-LOGICAL-c364t-273e26b53bab6bcd4e9a12587c28ff2e1dbd5ed9fb2e376813c1fe3a967cad0e3
IEDL.DBID K7-
ISICitedReferencesCount 2
ISICitedReferencesURI http://www.webofscience.com/api/gateway?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=Summon&SrcAuth=ProQuest&DestLinkType=CitingArticles&DestApp=WOS_CPL&KeyUT=000586907300001&url=https%3A%2F%2Fcvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com%2F%23%21%2Fsearch%3Fho%3Df%26include.ft.matches%3Dt%26l%3Dnull%26q%3D
ISSN 2227-7390
IngestDate Fri Oct 03 12:51:35 EDT 2025
Fri Jul 25 11:59:04 EDT 2025
Sat Nov 29 07:17:52 EST 2025
Tue Nov 18 21:14:22 EST 2025
IsDoiOpenAccess true
IsOpenAccess true
IsPeerReviewed true
IsScholarly true
Issue 10
Language English
LinkModel DirectLink
MergedId FETCHMERGED-LOGICAL-c364t-273e26b53bab6bcd4e9a12587c28ff2e1dbd5ed9fb2e376813c1fe3a967cad0e3
Notes ObjectType-Article-1
SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1
ObjectType-Feature-2
content type line 14
ORCID 0000-0001-9563-7773
OpenAccessLink https://www.proquest.com/docview/2548988456?pq-origsite=%requestingapplication%
PQID 2548988456
PQPubID 2032364
ParticipantIDs doaj_primary_oai_doaj_org_article_79d3cfd60ef94f71ab878484ca24c540
proquest_journals_2548988456
crossref_citationtrail_10_3390_math8101763
crossref_primary_10_3390_math8101763
PublicationCentury 2000
PublicationDate 2020-10-01
PublicationDateYYYYMMDD 2020-10-01
PublicationDate_xml – month: 10
  year: 2020
  text: 2020-10-01
  day: 01
PublicationDecade 2020
PublicationPlace Basel
PublicationPlace_xml – name: Basel
PublicationTitle Mathematics (Basel)
PublicationYear 2020
Publisher MDPI AG
Publisher_xml – name: MDPI AG
References Dorneles (ref_16) 2014; 52
Uysal (ref_2) 2014; 238
(ref_12) 2014; 6
Schimmelpfeng (ref_26) 2006; 29
Miranda (ref_4) 2010; 40
Birbas (ref_11) 2009; 12
Bettinelli (ref_20) 2015; 23
Dimopoulou (ref_17) 2001; 130
MirHassani (ref_7) 2006; 175
Lach (ref_5) 2012; 194
Hinkin (ref_22) 2002; 32
Ismayilova (ref_23) 2007; 46
Crespo (ref_13) 2002; 137
Daskalaki (ref_15) 2004; 153
MirHassani (ref_3) 2013; 39
Miranda (ref_24) 2012; 52
Stallaert (ref_14) 1997; 27
Martinson (ref_25) 1993; 24
Hurkens (ref_18) 2009; 196
Schaerf (ref_9) 1999; 13
Sherali (ref_1) 2010; 7
Keith (ref_19) 2010; 181
Boland (ref_8) 2008; 35
Pillay (ref_10) 2014; 218
Dahms (ref_6) 2014; 43
Badri (ref_21) 1996; 94
References_xml – volume: 29
  start-page: 783
  year: 2006
  ident: ref_26
  article-title: Application of a Real-World University-Course Timetabling Model Solved by Integer Programming
  publication-title: Oper. Res. Spectrum
  doi: 10.1007/s00291-006-0074-z
– volume: 181
  start-page: 249
  year: 2010
  ident: ref_19
  article-title: Comprehensive approach to student sectioning
  publication-title: Ann. Oper. Res.
  doi: 10.1007/s10479-010-0735-9
– volume: 137
  start-page: 512
  year: 2002
  ident: ref_13
  article-title: Design and Implementation of a Course Scheduling System Using Tabu Search
  publication-title: Eur. J. Oper. Res.
  doi: 10.1016/S0377-2217(01)00091-1
– volume: 175
  start-page: 814
  year: 2006
  ident: ref_7
  article-title: A Computational Approach to Enhancing Course Timetabling with Integer Programming
  publication-title: Appl. Math. Comput.
  doi: 10.1016/j.amc.2005.07.039
– volume: 46
  start-page: 1017
  year: 2007
  ident: ref_23
  article-title: A Multiobjective Faculty–Course–Time Slot Assignment Problem with Preferences
  publication-title: Math. Comput. Model.
  doi: 10.1016/j.mcm.2007.03.012
– volume: 40
  start-page: 196
  year: 2010
  ident: ref_4
  article-title: EClasSkeduler: A Course Scheduling System for the Executive Education Unit at the Universidad de Chile
  publication-title: Interfaces
  doi: 10.1287/inte.1090.0485
– volume: 194
  start-page: 255
  year: 2012
  ident: ref_5
  article-title: Curriculum Based Course Timetabling: New Solutions to Udine Benchmark Instances
  publication-title: Ann. Oper. Res.
  doi: 10.1007/s10479-010-0700-7
– volume: 43
  start-page: 36
  year: 2014
  ident: ref_6
  article-title: A Two-Stage Decomposition of High School Timetabling Applied to Cases in Denmark
  publication-title: Comput. Oper. Res.
  doi: 10.1016/j.cor.2013.08.025
– volume: 130
  start-page: 202
  year: 2001
  ident: ref_17
  article-title: Implementation of a University Course and Examination Timetabling System
  publication-title: Eur. J. Oper. Res.
  doi: 10.1016/S0377-2217(00)00052-7
– volume: 13
  start-page: 87
  year: 1999
  ident: ref_9
  article-title: A Survey of Automated Timetabling
  publication-title: Artif. Intell. Rev.
  doi: 10.1023/A:1006576209967
– volume: 52
  start-page: 505
  year: 2012
  ident: ref_24
  article-title: UdpSkeduler: A Web Architecture Based Decision Support System for Course and Classroom Scheduling
  publication-title: Decis. Support. Syst.
  doi: 10.1016/j.dss.2011.10.011
– volume: 6
  start-page: 158
  year: 2014
  ident: ref_12
  article-title: An integer linear programming model for a university timetabling problem considering time windows and consecutive periods
  publication-title: J. Appl. Oper. Res.
– volume: 218
  start-page: 261
  year: 2014
  ident: ref_10
  article-title: A Survey of School Timetabling Research
  publication-title: Ann. Oper. Res.
  doi: 10.1007/s10479-013-1321-8
– volume: 196
  start-page: 877
  year: 2009
  ident: ref_18
  article-title: Timetabling Problems at the TU Eindhoven
  publication-title: Eur. J. Oper. Res.
  doi: 10.1016/j.ejor.2008.04.038
– volume: 27
  start-page: 67
  year: 1997
  ident: ref_14
  article-title: Automated Timetabling Improves Course Scheduling at UCLA
  publication-title: Interfaces
  doi: 10.1287/inte.27.4.67
– volume: 39
  start-page: 133
  year: 2013
  ident: ref_3
  article-title: Solution Approaches to the Course Timetabling Problem
  publication-title: Artif. Intell. Rev.
  doi: 10.1007/s10462-011-9262-6
– volume: 32
  start-page: 45
  year: 2002
  ident: ref_22
  article-title: SchedulExpert: Scheduling Courses in the Cornell University School of Hotel Administration
  publication-title: Interfaces
  doi: 10.1287/inte.32.6.45.6477
– volume: 24
  start-page: 809
  year: 1993
  ident: ref_25
  article-title: Fuzzy vs. Minmax Weighted Multiobjective Linear Programming Illustrative Comparisons
  publication-title: Decis. Sci.
  doi: 10.1111/j.1540-5915.1993.tb00490.x
– volume: 238
  start-page: 339
  year: 2014
  ident: ref_2
  article-title: A New Mixed Integer Programming Model for Curriculum Balancing: Application to a Turkish University
  publication-title: Eur. J. Oper. Res.
  doi: 10.1016/j.ejor.2014.03.015
– volume: 23
  start-page: 313
  year: 2015
  ident: ref_20
  article-title: An overview of curriculum-based course timetabling
  publication-title: Top
  doi: 10.1007/s11750-015-0366-z
– volume: 52
  start-page: 29
  year: 2014
  ident: ref_16
  article-title: A Fix-and-Optimize Heuristic for the High School Timetabling Problem
  publication-title: Comput. Oper. Res.
  doi: 10.1016/j.cor.2014.06.023
– volume: 94
  start-page: 16
  year: 1996
  ident: ref_21
  article-title: A Two-Stage Multiobjective Scheduling Model for [Faculty-Course-Time] Assignments
  publication-title: Eur. J. Oper. Res.
  doi: 10.1016/0377-2217(95)00204-9
– volume: 153
  start-page: 117
  year: 2004
  ident: ref_15
  article-title: An Integer Programming Formulation for a Case Study in University Timetabling
  publication-title: Eur. J. Oper. Res.
  doi: 10.1016/S0377-2217(03)00103-6
– volume: 35
  start-page: 2209
  year: 2008
  ident: ref_8
  article-title: New Integer Linear Programming Approaches for Course Timetabling
  publication-title: Comput. Oper. Res.
  doi: 10.1016/j.cor.2006.10.016
– volume: 12
  start-page: 177
  year: 2009
  ident: ref_11
  article-title: School Timetabling for Quality Student and Teacher Schedules
  publication-title: J. Sched.
  doi: 10.1007/s10951-008-0088-2
– volume: 7
  start-page: 19
  year: 2010
  ident: ref_1
  article-title: A Mixed-Integer Mathematical Modeling Approach to Exam Timetabling
  publication-title: Comput. Manag. Sci.
  doi: 10.1007/s10287-007-0066-8
SSID ssj0000913849
Score 2.1351588
Snippet University course timetabling is a complex and time-consuming duty that every educational institution faces regularly. It consists of scheduling a set of...
SourceID doaj
proquest
crossref
SourceType Open Website
Aggregation Database
Enrichment Source
Index Database
StartPage 1763
SubjectTerms balanced scheduling
Classrooms
Colleges & universities
course timetabling
Curricula
curriculum-based timetabling
Failure rates
integer programing
Integer programming
Logic programming
Mathematics
Optimization models
Public speaking
Schedules
Scheduling
Students
SummonAdditionalLinks – databaseName: DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals
  dbid: DOA
  link: http://cvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwrV1LS8NAEF5EPOhBfGJ9sQdPQrDJJJvdoy0WD77AB97CvqIFjaWt_n5nNmkIKHjxGjabMDuZ-SbMfB9jJ5AJ2_clRr-yhCi1CiIlpIts1neJA7BZUGt4uspvbuTzs7rrSH1RT1hND1wb7ixXDmzpBG6o0jKPtZG5TGVqdZJahBsUfRH1dIqpEINVDDJV9UAeYF1_hvjvlcisAuFnJwUFpv4fgThkl9EGW29gIT-vX2eTLflqi61dt5yqs202WWhrYrLh96GDquID6ky0no8rritOv_de_JTfYhx4bwYsOamdvXHEphw348P2l180wATmOInWzTynUZC5NjSczu9qkZkd9ji6eBheRo1eQmRBpHOasvGJMBkYbYSxLvVKI36RuU3wJBIfO-My71RpEo9xRcZg49KDViK32vU97LLl6qPye4wnAJkDIyXgNjFxEirM5CLWmdB0b4-dLkxY2IZMnDQt3gosKsjeRcfePXbSLp7UHBq_LxvQWbRLiPg6XEB3KBp3KP5yhx47XJxk0XyNswKLYKmkRKy4_x_POGCrCVXdoaXvkC3Pp5_-iK3Yr_l4Nj0OjvgNq-3krg
  priority: 102
  providerName: Directory of Open Access Journals
Title Considering Section Balance in an Integer Optimization Model for the Curriculum-Based Course Timetabling Problem
URI https://www.proquest.com/docview/2548988456
https://doaj.org/article/79d3cfd60ef94f71ab878484ca24c540
Volume 8
WOSCitedRecordID wos000586907300001&url=https%3A%2F%2Fcvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com%2F%23%21%2Fsearch%3Fho%3Df%26include.ft.matches%3Dt%26l%3Dnull%26q%3D
hasFullText 1
inHoldings 1
isFullTextHit
isPrint
journalDatabaseRights – providerCode: PRVAON
  databaseName: DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals
  customDbUrl:
  eissn: 2227-7390
  dateEnd: 99991231
  omitProxy: false
  ssIdentifier: ssj0000913849
  issn: 2227-7390
  databaseCode: DOA
  dateStart: 20130101
  isFulltext: true
  titleUrlDefault: https://www.doaj.org/
  providerName: Directory of Open Access Journals
– providerCode: PRVHPJ
  databaseName: ROAD: Directory of Open Access Scholarly Resources (ISSN International Center)
  customDbUrl:
  eissn: 2227-7390
  dateEnd: 99991231
  omitProxy: false
  ssIdentifier: ssj0000913849
  issn: 2227-7390
  databaseCode: M~E
  dateStart: 20130101
  isFulltext: true
  titleUrlDefault: https://road.issn.org
  providerName: ISSN International Centre
– providerCode: PRVPQU
  databaseName: Computer Science Database (ProQuest)
  customDbUrl:
  eissn: 2227-7390
  dateEnd: 99991231
  omitProxy: false
  ssIdentifier: ssj0000913849
  issn: 2227-7390
  databaseCode: K7-
  dateStart: 20130301
  isFulltext: true
  titleUrlDefault: http://search.proquest.com/compscijour
  providerName: ProQuest
– providerCode: PRVPQU
  databaseName: Engineering Database
  customDbUrl:
  eissn: 2227-7390
  dateEnd: 99991231
  omitProxy: false
  ssIdentifier: ssj0000913849
  issn: 2227-7390
  databaseCode: M7S
  dateStart: 20130301
  isFulltext: true
  titleUrlDefault: http://search.proquest.com
  providerName: ProQuest
– providerCode: PRVPQU
  databaseName: ProQuest Central
  customDbUrl:
  eissn: 2227-7390
  dateEnd: 99991231
  omitProxy: false
  ssIdentifier: ssj0000913849
  issn: 2227-7390
  databaseCode: BENPR
  dateStart: 20130301
  isFulltext: true
  titleUrlDefault: https://www.proquest.com/central
  providerName: ProQuest
– providerCode: PRVPQU
  databaseName: Publicly Available Content Database
  customDbUrl:
  eissn: 2227-7390
  dateEnd: 99991231
  omitProxy: false
  ssIdentifier: ssj0000913849
  issn: 2227-7390
  databaseCode: PIMPY
  dateStart: 20130301
  isFulltext: true
  titleUrlDefault: http://search.proquest.com/publiccontent
  providerName: ProQuest
link http://cvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwpV1Lb9QwEB5By4EeeCMWysqHnpCibuzEsU-IrbYCQZeIAiqnyK-USiW73Swc-e3MeL2hEogLlxwSx4o043ll5vsADkQp3SS0aP3aVmSF0yLTUvnMlRPPvRCujGwNn99V87k6O9N1Krj1qa1yaxOjofYLRzXyQ0xklFYK_f3L5VVGrFH0dzVRaNyE3ZzznPT8bZUNNRbCvFSF3ozlCczuDzEK_EqQVhH285ojinj9f5jj6GOO7_7v192DOym6ZK826nAfboTuAeydDNCs_UNYbik60Wex09iI1bEpNTi6wC46ZjpGVcLzsGLv0Zx8S3OajEjTLhmGuAw3Y0dD5TCboh_0jLjv-sBoomRtLM24s3rDVfMIPh3PPh69zhLtQuaELNY0rBO4tKWwxkrrfBG0wTBIVY6jQHnIvfVl8Lq1PKB5UrlweRuE0bJyxk-CeAw73aILT4BxIUovrFICt8kJ2lBjQCBzU0pD747gxVYGjUuY5ESNcdlgbkICa64JbAQHw-LlBorj78umJMxhCeFnxxuL1XmTjmNTaS9c6yWqqS7aKjdWVapQhTO8cBjEjmB_K-cmHeq--S3kp_9-_Axuc0rLY8_fPuysV9_Dc7jlfqwv-tUYdqezef1hHNP_cdTYMbWcntL15wyf129O6i-_AKXT-OM
linkProvider ProQuest
linkToHtml http://cvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMw1V1Lb9QwEB6VggQ98EYsFPChXJCibuzEsQ8IsYWq1W6XShTUW3Bsp63UZpfNFtQ_1d_IjPOgEohbD1wTx8rj88x4MvN9ABsilXboS7R-ZSmixGoRaalcZNOh404Imwa1hq-TbDpVh4d6fwUuu14YKqvsbGIw1G5mKUe-iRsZpZVCf_9u_j0i1Sj6u9pJaDSwGPuLn7hlq9_ufsDv-5rz7Y8HWztRqyoQWSGTJfWieC6LVBSmkIV1idcGvbzKLMf75T52hUu902XBPa4-FQsbl14YLTNr3NALnPcG3EyEyoirf5xFfU6HODZVops2QCH0cBOjzmOi0Ao0o1ccX9AH-MP8B5-2fe9_exv34W4bPbP3DdwfwIqvHsLaXk89Wz-CeSdBij6ZfQ6FZhUbUQGn9eykYqZilAU98gv2Cc3lWduHykgU7pRhCM9wMrbVZ0ajEfp5x0jbr_aMOmaWpqAefrbfaPE8hi_X8shPYLWaVf4pMC5E6kShlMBpYqJu1BjwyNik0tC1A3jTffPctpzrJP1xmuPeiwCSXwHIADb6wfOGauTvw0YEnn4I8YOHA7PFUd6amzzTTtjSSVyGOimz2BQqU4lKrOGJxSB9AOsdrvLWaNX5b1A9-_fpV3B752Bvkk92p-PncIdTCiLUN67D6nJx7l_ALftjeVIvXob1weDbdUPwFySQUpI
linkToPdf http://cvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMw1V1Lb9NAEB6VghAceCNSCuyhXJCsxLt-7B4QIi0RVUqIxEO9mX25VCpOiENR_1p_HTPrB5VA3HrgGm9WTjwz3-x45vsAdkSa2ZEvMfqVpYgSq0SkMukim44cd0LYNKg1fD7IZzN5eKjmG3DezcJQW2UXE0OgdgtLNfIhHmSkkhLxfli2bRHzvcmr5feIFKToTWsnp9GYyNSf_cTjW_1yfw-f9XPOJ28-7r6NWoWByIosWdNciueZSYXRJjPWJV5pRHyZW473zn3sjEu9U6XhHj1RxsLGpRdaZbnVbuQF7nsFriIKp-Rj0zzq6zvEtykT1YwECqFGQ8xAvxKdVqAcvQCCQSvgDygI-Da5_T__M3fgVptVs9eNG9yFDV_dg5vvekra-j4sO2lSxGr2ITSgVWxMjZ3Ws-OK6YpRdfTIr9h7DKPf2vlURmJxJwxTe4absd2-YhqNEf8dI82_2jOapFlrQ7P9bN5o9DyAT5fykx_CZrWo_CNgXIjUCSOlwG1ionRUmAhlsU4zTd8dwIvu-Re25WInSZCTAs9kZCzFBWMZwE6_eNlQkPx92ZgMqV9CvOHhg8XqqGjDUJErJ2zpMnRPlZR5rI3MZSITq3liMXkfwHZnY0UbzOrit4Ft_fvyM7iOllcc7M-mj-EGp8pEaHvchs316od_Atfs6fq4Xj0NrsLgy2Vb4C-Yv1tM
openUrl ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info%3Aofi%2Fenc%3AUTF-8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsummon.serialssolutions.com&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Considering+Section+Balance+in+an+Integer+Optimization+Model+for+the+Curriculum-Based+Course+Timetabling+Problem&rft.jtitle=Mathematics+%28Basel%29&rft.au=Bornhardt%2C+Patrick&rft.date=2020-10-01&rft.pub=MDPI+AG&rft.eissn=2227-7390&rft.volume=8&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=1763&rft_id=info:doi/10.3390%2Fmath8101763&rft.externalDBID=HAS_PDF_LINK
thumbnail_l http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/lc.gif&issn=2227-7390&client=summon
thumbnail_m http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/mc.gif&issn=2227-7390&client=summon
thumbnail_s http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/sc.gif&issn=2227-7390&client=summon