Real-time capable nonlinear distributed parameter observer considering two-phase flow in PEM fuel cells
This paper presents a breakthrough in real-time capable nonlinear distributed parameter observation of spatially resolved intra-PEMFC states, which is achieved by developing an innovative PEMFC observer framework based on the Unscented Kalman Filter, novel method for determining physically motivated...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | International journal of hydrogen energy Jg. 134; S. 181 - 197 |
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| Format: | Journal Article |
| Sprache: | Englisch |
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Elsevier Ltd
04.06.2025
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| ISSN: | 0360-3199 |
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| Abstract | This paper presents a breakthrough in real-time capable nonlinear distributed parameter observation of spatially resolved intra-PEMFC states, which is achieved by developing an innovative PEMFC observer framework based on the Unscented Kalman Filter, novel method for determining physically motivated constraints for corrective actions, and real-time capable state-of-the-art spatially resolved physio-chemically consistent distributed parameter model considering two-phase flow. The proposed framework enables unprecedented real-time insight into the spatially distributed dynamics of water in liquid and gaseous states, as well as phase transformation, membrane water uptake, and into the impact of gas crossover effects on the mixed potential of PEMFCs just from lumped voltage, serving as an output, and current trace serving as an input. These advanced functionalities were formally confirmed by observability and comparative analysis using experimental results obtained from a segmented PEMFC and achieving very high R2 values between 0.9976 to 0.9987, hence, confirming computationally-efficient beyond state-of-the-art control functionality.
•Real-time capable nonlinear distributed parameter observer is developed.•Observes water dynamics, phase changes, and gas crossover effects.•Uses Unscented Kalman Filter with novel, physically motivated constraints.•All states are formally observable from lumped voltage and current trace only.•Enables advanced, cost-effective control for enhanced PEMFC performance and longevity. |
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| AbstractList | This paper presents a breakthrough in real-time capable nonlinear distributed parameter observation of spatially resolved intra-PEMFC states, which is achieved by developing an innovative PEMFC observer framework based on the Unscented Kalman Filter, novel method for determining physically motivated constraints for corrective actions, and real-time capable state-of-the-art spatially resolved physio-chemically consistent distributed parameter model considering two-phase flow. The proposed framework enables unprecedented real-time insight into the spatially distributed dynamics of water in liquid and gaseous states, as well as phase transformation, membrane water uptake, and into the impact of gas crossover effects on the mixed potential of PEMFCs just from lumped voltage, serving as an output, and current trace serving as an input. These advanced functionalities were formally confirmed by observability and comparative analysis using experimental results obtained from a segmented PEMFC and achieving very high R2 values between 0.9976 to 0.9987, hence, confirming computationally-efficient beyond state-of-the-art control functionality.
•Real-time capable nonlinear distributed parameter observer is developed.•Observes water dynamics, phase changes, and gas crossover effects.•Uses Unscented Kalman Filter with novel, physically motivated constraints.•All states are formally observable from lumped voltage and current trace only.•Enables advanced, cost-effective control for enhanced PEMFC performance and longevity. |
| Author | Jakubek, Stefan Vrlić, Martin Hametner, Christoph Kravos, Andraž Katrašnik, Tomaž |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Andraž orcidid: 0000-0003-3379-9229 surname: Kravos fullname: Kravos, Andraž email: andraz.kravos@fs.uni-lj.si organization: LICeM, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva 6, Ljubljana, 1000, Slovenia – sequence: 2 givenname: Martin surname: Vrlić fullname: Vrlić, Martin organization: Institute of Mechanics and Mechatronics, TU Wien, Getreidemarkt 9, Vienna, 1060, Austria – sequence: 3 givenname: Christoph surname: Hametner fullname: Hametner, Christoph organization: Institute of Mechanics and Mechatronics, TU Wien, Getreidemarkt 9, Vienna, 1060, Austria – sequence: 4 givenname: Stefan surname: Jakubek fullname: Jakubek, Stefan organization: Institute of Mechanics and Mechatronics, TU Wien, Getreidemarkt 9, Vienna, 1060, Austria – sequence: 5 givenname: Tomaž orcidid: 0000-0001-6954-4936 surname: Katrašnik fullname: Katrašnik, Tomaž email: tomaz.katrasnik@fs.uni-lj.si organization: LICeM, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva 6, Ljubljana, 1000, Slovenia |
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| Keywords | Nonlinear distributed observer Proton exchange membrane fuel cell Modelling Diagnostics Two-phase flow Fuel cell |
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| SubjectTerms | Diagnostics Fuel cell Modelling Nonlinear distributed observer Proton exchange membrane fuel cell Two-phase flow |
| Title | Real-time capable nonlinear distributed parameter observer considering two-phase flow in PEM fuel cells |
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