Biorefining of Pigeon Pea: Residue Conversion by Pyrolysis
Pyrolysis is an important technology to convert lignocellulosic biomass to a renewable liquid energy carrier known as pyrolysis oil or bio-oil. Herein we report the pyrolysis of pigeon pea wood, a widely available biomass in the Philippines, in a semi-continuous reactor at gram scale. The effects of...
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| Vydáno v: | Energies (Basel) Ročník 13; číslo 11; s. 2778 |
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| Médium: | Journal Article |
| Jazyk: | angličtina |
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Basel
MDPI AG
01.06.2020
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| ISSN: | 1996-1073, 1996-1073 |
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| Abstract | Pyrolysis is an important technology to convert lignocellulosic biomass to a renewable liquid energy carrier known as pyrolysis oil or bio-oil. Herein we report the pyrolysis of pigeon pea wood, a widely available biomass in the Philippines, in a semi-continuous reactor at gram scale. The effects of process conditions such as temperature (400–600 °C), nitrogen flow rate (7–15 mL min−1) and particle size of the biomass feed (0.5–1.3 mm) on the product yields were determined. A Box-Behnken three-level, three-factor fractional factorial design was carried out to establish process-product yield relations. Of particular interest is the liquid product (bio-oil), of which the yield was shown to depend on all independent variables in a complex manner. The optimal conditions for highest bio-oil yield (54 wt.% on dry feed intake) were a temperature of 466 °C, a nitrogen flow rate of 14 mL min−1 and a particle size of 1.3 mm. Validation of the optimized conditions proved that the average (n = 3) experimental bio-oil yield (52 wt.%) is in good agreement with the predicted value from the model. The properties of product oils were determined using various analytical techniques including gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC–MS), gel-permeation chromatography (GPC), nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (13C- and HSQC-NMR) and elemental and proximate analyses. The bio-oils were shown to have low ash content (0.2%), high heating value (29 MJ kg−1) and contain high value-added phenolics compounds (41%, GC peak area) as well as low molecular weight aldehydes and carboxylic acids. GPC analysis indicated the presence of a considerable amount of higher molecular weight compounds. NMR measurements showed that a large proportion of bio-oil contains aliphatic carbons (~60%), likely formed from the decomposition of (hemi)cellulose components, which are abundantly present in the starting pigeon pea wood. Subsequent preliminary scale-up pyrolysis experiments in a fluidized bed reactor (~100 gfeed h−1, 475 °C and N2 flow rate of 1.5 L min−1) gave a non-optimized bio-oil yield of 44 wt.%. Further fractionation and/or processing are required to upgrade these bio-oils to biofuels and biobased chemicals. |
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| AbstractList | Pyrolysis is an important technology to convert lignocellulosic biomass to a renewable liquid energy carrier known as pyrolysis oil or bio-oil. Herein we report the pyrolysis of pigeon pea wood, a widely available biomass in the Philippines, in a semi-continuous reactor at gram scale. The effects of process conditions such as temperature (400–600 °C), nitrogen flow rate (7–15 mL min−1) and particle size of the biomass feed (0.5–1.3 mm) on the product yields were determined. A Box-Behnken three-level, three-factor fractional factorial design was carried out to establish process-product yield relations. Of particular interest is the liquid product (bio-oil), of which the yield was shown to depend on all independent variables in a complex manner. The optimal conditions for highest bio-oil yield (54 wt.% on dry feed intake) were a temperature of 466 °C, a nitrogen flow rate of 14 mL min−1 and a particle size of 1.3 mm. Validation of the optimized conditions proved that the average (n = 3) experimental bio-oil yield (52 wt.%) is in good agreement with the predicted value from the model. The properties of product oils were determined using various analytical techniques including gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC–MS), gel-permeation chromatography (GPC), nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (13C- and HSQC-NMR) and elemental and proximate analyses. The bio-oils were shown to have low ash content (0.2%), high heating value (29 MJ kg−1) and contain high value-added phenolics compounds (41%, GC peak area) as well as low molecular weight aldehydes and carboxylic acids. GPC analysis indicated the presence of a considerable amount of higher molecular weight compounds. NMR measurements showed that a large proportion of bio-oil contains aliphatic carbons (~60%), likely formed from the decomposition of (hemi)cellulose components, which are abundantly present in the starting pigeon pea wood. Subsequent preliminary scale-up pyrolysis experiments in a fluidized bed reactor (~100 gfeed h−1, 475 °C and N2 flow rate of 1.5 L min−1) gave a non-optimized bio-oil yield of 44 wt.%. Further fractionation and/or processing are required to upgrade these bio-oils to biofuels and biobased chemicals. |
| Author | Yaptenco, Kevin F. Genuino, Homer C. Elauria, Jessie C. Suministrado, Delfin C. Heeres, Hero J. Rowena C. Tanquilut, Mari Wilbers, Erwin Amongo, Rossana Marie C. Elauria, Marilyn M. |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Mari surname: Rowena C. Tanquilut fullname: Rowena C. Tanquilut, Mari – sequence: 2 givenname: Homer C. surname: Genuino fullname: Genuino, Homer C. – sequence: 3 givenname: Erwin surname: Wilbers fullname: Wilbers, Erwin – sequence: 4 givenname: Rossana Marie C. surname: Amongo fullname: Amongo, Rossana Marie C. – sequence: 5 givenname: Delfin C. surname: Suministrado fullname: Suministrado, Delfin C. – sequence: 6 givenname: Kevin F. surname: Yaptenco fullname: Yaptenco, Kevin F. – sequence: 7 givenname: Marilyn M. surname: Elauria fullname: Elauria, Marilyn M. – sequence: 8 givenname: Jessie C. surname: Elauria fullname: Elauria, Jessie C. – sequence: 9 givenname: Hero J. surname: Heeres fullname: Heeres, Hero J. |
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| CitedBy_id | crossref_primary_10_1016_j_energy_2022_126458 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jaap_2023_106005 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jenvman_2024_122998 crossref_primary_10_3390_pr10091702 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_conbuildmat_2023_130457 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jaap_2020_104977 |
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| SubjectTerms | Agricultural production bio-oil Biomass Cellulose Conversion Experiments Fluidized bed reactors Gases Lignin lignocellulosic biomass Nitrogen phenolics pigeon pea pyrolysis Raw materials Soybeans Thermogravimetric analysis |
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| Title | Biorefining of Pigeon Pea: Residue Conversion by Pyrolysis |
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