Application of a random forest algorithm that considers barometric pressure in GNSS-R sea surface wind speed retrieval
This paper aims to rely on CYGNSS data to propose a random forest-based wind speed retrieval method that considers barometric pressure as a pivotal factor. Taking the Hawaiian Islands and the peripheral waters as the subject, the research conducts a systematic analysis of the spatial-temporal variat...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Journal of physics. Conference series Jg. 2935; H. 1; S. 12014 - 12025 |
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| Abstract | This paper aims to rely on CYGNSS data to propose a random forest-based wind speed retrieval method that considers barometric pressure as a pivotal factor. Taking the Hawaiian Islands and the peripheral waters as the subject, the research conducts a systematic analysis of the spatial-temporal variation characteristics of wind speeds. In this case, an innovative random forest (RF) model that considers barometric pressure is built and trained, with the longitude, latitude, time, normalized bistatic radar scattering cross section (NBRCS), leading-edge slope (LES), and barometric pressure data as the input features, and the measured buoy wind speeds as the target variable. The results show that the introduction of barometric pressure can significantly improve the accuracy of wind speed retrieval, raising the correlation to above 0.8 and reducing the root mean square error (RMS) by more than 40%. The RF (pressure) method performs best when the pressure system changes dynamically, such as in winter. In the Hawaiian Islands, moreover, the wind speeds exhibit notable spatial variations across seasons. The wind speeds are generally stable and moderate in spring and autumn. In winter, the wind speeds in the northern and northwestern regions can reach the highest level. In summer, the wind speeds in the southeastern region come to a significant decrease. These findings reveal the complex influences of barometric gradients like the subtropical high and the Aleutian Low, as well as topography and ocean currents, on wind speeds, providing a scientific basis for understanding regional climatic dynamics and wind energy resource development. |
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| AbstractList | This paper aims to rely on CYGNSS data to propose a random forest-based wind speed retrieval method that considers barometric pressure as a pivotal factor. Taking the Hawaiian Islands and the peripheral waters as the subject, the research conducts a systematic analysis of the spatial-temporal variation characteristics of wind speeds. In this case, an innovative random forest (RF) model that considers barometric pressure is built and trained, with the longitude, latitude, time, normalized bistatic radar scattering cross section (NBRCS), leading-edge slope (LES), and barometric pressure data as the input features, and the measured buoy wind speeds as the target variable. The results show that the introduction of barometric pressure can significantly improve the accuracy of wind speed retrieval, raising the correlation to above 0.8 and reducing the root mean square error (RMS) by more than 40%. The RF (pressure) method performs best when the pressure system changes dynamically, such as in winter. In the Hawaiian Islands, moreover, the wind speeds exhibit notable spatial variations across seasons. The wind speeds are generally stable and moderate in spring and autumn. In winter, the wind speeds in the northern and northwestern regions can reach the highest level. In summer, the wind speeds in the southeastern region come to a significant decrease. These findings reveal the complex influences of barometric gradients like the subtropical high and the Aleutian Low, as well as topography and ocean currents, on wind speeds, providing a scientific basis for understanding regional climatic dynamics and wind energy resource development. |
| Author | Wang, Guofang Ma, Yi Geng, Hao Wang, Yifan Chen, Yuan |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Yi surname: Ma fullname: Ma, Yi organization: China Southern Power Grid Yunnan Power Grid Electric Power Research Institute, Kunming, Yunnan, 650217, China – sequence: 2 givenname: Yifan surname: Wang fullname: Wang, Yifan organization: China Southern Power Grid Yunnan Power Grid Electric Power Research Institute, Kunming, Yunnan, 650217, China – sequence: 3 givenname: Guofang surname: Wang fullname: Wang, Guofang organization: China Southern Power Grid Yunnan Power Grid Electric Power Research Institute, Kunming, Yunnan, 650217, China – sequence: 4 givenname: Hao surname: Geng fullname: Geng, Hao organization: China Southern Power Grid Yunnan Power Grid Electric Power Research Institute, Kunming, Yunnan, 650217, China – sequence: 5 givenname: Yuan surname: Chen fullname: Chen, Yuan organization: China Southern Power Grid Guangdong Digital Grid Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510000, China |
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| References | Wang (JPCS_2935_1_012014bib3) 2024; 49 Foti (JPCS_2935_1_012014bib7) 2015; 42 Clarizia (JPCS_2935_1_012014bib5) 2014; 52 Ruf (JPCS_2935_1_012014bib9) 2018; 12 Zheng (JPCS_2935_1_012014bib1) 2022; 321 Rehman (JPCS_2935_1_012014bib2) 2023; 267 Rodriguez-Alvarez (JPCS_2935_1_012014bib6) 2015; 54 Arabi (JPCS_2935_1_012014bib4) 2023; 15 Jing (JPCS_2935_1_012014bib10) 2019; 11 Bu (JPCS_2935_1_012014bib8) 2020; 12 |
| References_xml | – volume: 54 start-page: 1142 year: 2015 ident: JPCS_2935_1_012014bib6 article-title: Generalized linear observables for ocean wind retrieval from calibrated GNSS-R delay–Doppler maps [J] publication-title: IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing doi: 10.1109/TGRS.2015.2475317 – volume: 267 year: 2023 ident: JPCS_2935_1_012014bib2 article-title: A review of energy extraction from wind and ocean: Technologies, merits, efficiencies, and cost [J] publication-title: Ocean Engineering doi: 10.1016/j.oceaneng.2022.113192 – volume: 11 start-page: 3013 year: 2019 ident: JPCS_2935_1_012014bib10 article-title: Sea surface wind speed retrieval from the first Chinese GNSS-R mission: Technique and preliminary results [J] publication-title: Remote Sensing doi: 10.3390/rs11243013 – volume: 12 start-page: 66 year: 2018 ident: JPCS_2935_1_012014bib9 article-title: Development of the CYGNSS geophysical model function for wind speed [J] publication-title: IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing doi: 10.1109/JSTARS.2018.2833075 – volume: 49 start-page: 56 year: 2024 ident: JPCS_2935_1_012014bib3 article-title: Wind Speed Retrieval Using GNSS-R Data from “Jilin-1” Kuanfu-01B Satellite [J] publication-title: Geomatics and Information Science of Wuhan University – volume: 42 start-page: 5435 year: 2015 ident: JPCS_2935_1_012014bib7 article-title: Spaceborne GNSS reflectometry for ocean winds: First results from the UK TechDemoSat-1 mission [J] publication-title: Geophysical Research Letters doi: 10.1002/2015GL064204 – volume: 15 start-page: 4169 year: 2023 ident: JPCS_2935_1_012014bib4 article-title: Hybrid CNN-LSTM deep learning for track-wise GNSS-R ocean wind speed retrieval [J] publication-title: Remote Sensing doi: 10.3390/rs15174169 – volume: 12 start-page: 3760 year: 2020 ident: JPCS_2935_1_012014bib8 article-title: Developing and testing models for sea surface wind speed estimation with GNSS-R delay Doppler maps and delay waveforms [J] publication-title: Remote Sensing doi: 10.3390/rs12223760 – volume: 52 start-page: 6829 year: 2014 ident: JPCS_2935_1_012014bib5 article-title: Spaceborne GNSS-R Minimum Variance Wind Speed Estimator [J] publication-title: IEEE Transactions on Geoscience & Remote Sensing doi: 10.1109/TGRS.2014.2303831 – volume: 321 year: 2022 ident: JPCS_2935_1_012014bib1 article-title: Global trends in oceanic wind speed, wind-sea, swell, and mixed wave heights [J] publication-title: Applied Energy doi: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.119327 |
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| SubjectTerms | Algorithms Atmospheric pressure Energy sources Error analysis Multistatic radar Ocean currents Radar cross sections Radar scattering Regional development Retrieval Scattering cross sections Surface wind Wind power Wind speed Winter |
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| Title | Application of a random forest algorithm that considers barometric pressure in GNSS-R sea surface wind speed retrieval |
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