Digital Twin—Cyber Replica of Physical Things: Architecture, Applications and Future Research Directions

The Internet of Things (IoT) connects massive smart devices to collect big data and carry out the monitoring and control of numerous things in cyber-physical systems (CPS). By leveraging machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL) techniques to analyze the collected data, physical systems can be mo...

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Vydané v:Future internet Ročník 14; číslo 2; s. 64
Hlavní autori: Qian, Cheng, Liu, Xing, Ripley, Colin, Qian, Mian, Liang, Fan, Yu, Wei
Médium: Journal Article
Jazyk:English
Vydavateľské údaje: Basel MDPI AG 01.02.2022
Predmet:
Agricultural production
Agriculture
Big Data
CAD
Communication
Computer aided design
Cyber-physical systems
Data analysis
Data collection
Data science
Deep learning
Digital Twin
Digital twins
Electronic devices
Energy consumption
Farming
Humidity
Interdisciplinary studies
Internet of Things
Internet of Things (IoT)
Machine learning
Manufacturing
Network latency
Optimization
Privacy
Security
Sensors
Simulation
Smart cities
Smart grid
smart-world applications
System effectiveness
Transportation
ISSN:1999-5903, 1999-5903
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Abstract The Internet of Things (IoT) connects massive smart devices to collect big data and carry out the monitoring and control of numerous things in cyber-physical systems (CPS). By leveraging machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL) techniques to analyze the collected data, physical systems can be monitored and controlled effectively. Along with the development of IoT and data analysis technologies, a number of CPS (smart grid, smart transportation, smart manufacturing, smart cities, etc.) adopt IoT and data analysis technologies to improve their performance and operations. Nonetheless, directly manipulating or updating the real system has inherent risks. Thus, creating a digital clone of a real physical system, denoted as a Digital Twin (DT), is a viable strategy. Generally speaking, a DT is a data-driven software and hardware emulation platform, which is a cyber replica of physical systems. Meanwhile, a DT describes a specific physical system and tends to achieve the functions and use cases of physical systems. Since DT is a complex digital system, finding a way to effectively represent a variety of things in timely and efficient manner poses numerous challenges to the networking, computing, and data analytics for IoT. Furthermore, the design of a DT for IoT systems must consider numerous exceptional requirements (e.g., latency, reliability, safety, scalability, security, and privacy). To address such challenges, the thoughtful design of DTs offers opportunities for novel and interdisciplinary research efforts. To address the aforementioned problems and issues, in this paper, we first review the architectures of DTs, data representation, and communication protocols. We then review existing efforts on applying DT into IoT data-driven smart systems, including the smart grid, smart transportation, smart manufacturing, and smart cities. Further, we summarize the existing challenges from CPS, data science, optimization, and security and privacy perspectives. Finally, we outline possible future research directions from the perspectives of performance, new DT-driven services, model and learning, and security and privacy.
AbstractList The Internet of Things (IoT) connects massive smart devices to collect big data and carry out the monitoring and control of numerous things in cyber-physical systems (CPS). By leveraging machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL) techniques to analyze the collected data, physical systems can be monitored and controlled effectively. Along with the development of IoT and data analysis technologies, a number of CPS (smart grid, smart transportation, smart manufacturing, smart cities, etc.) adopt IoT and data analysis technologies to improve their performance and operations. Nonetheless, directly manipulating or updating the real system has inherent risks. Thus, creating a digital clone of a real physical system, denoted as a Digital Twin (DT), is a viable strategy. Generally speaking, a DT is a data-driven software and hardware emulation platform, which is a cyber replica of physical systems. Meanwhile, a DT describes a specific physical system and tends to achieve the functions and use cases of physical systems. Since DT is a complex digital system, finding a way to effectively represent a variety of things in timely and efficient manner poses numerous challenges to the networking, computing, and data analytics for IoT. Furthermore, the design of a DT for IoT systems must consider numerous exceptional requirements (e.g., latency, reliability, safety, scalability, security, and privacy). To address such challenges, the thoughtful design of DTs offers opportunities for novel and interdisciplinary research efforts. To address the aforementioned problems and issues, in this paper, we first review the architectures of DTs, data representation, and communication protocols. We then review existing efforts on applying DT into IoT data-driven smart systems, including the smart grid, smart transportation, smart manufacturing, and smart cities. Further, we summarize the existing challenges from CPS, data science, optimization, and security and privacy perspectives. Finally, we outline possible future research directions from the perspectives of performance, new DT-driven services, model and learning, and security and privacy.
Author Qian, Mian
Liu, Xing
Qian, Cheng
Ripley, Colin
Yu, Wei
Liang, Fan
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  surname: Qian
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  fullname: Liang, Fan
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  surname: Yu
  fullname: Yu, Wei
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Snippet The Internet of Things (IoT) connects massive smart devices to collect big data and carry out the monitoring and control of numerous things in cyber-physical...
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StartPage 64
SubjectTerms Agricultural production
Agriculture
Big Data
CAD
Communication
Computer aided design
Cyber-physical systems
Data analysis
Data collection
Data science
Deep learning
Digital Twin
Digital twins
Electronic devices
Energy consumption
Farming
Humidity
Interdisciplinary studies
Internet of Things
Internet of Things (IoT)
Machine learning
Manufacturing
Network latency
Optimization
Privacy
Security
Sensors
Simulation
Smart cities
Smart grid
smart-world applications
System effectiveness
Transportation
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Title Digital Twin—Cyber Replica of Physical Things: Architecture, Applications and Future Research Directions
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