Persistence of Cry toxins and cry genes from genetically modified plants in two agricultural soils

The environmental impact of genetically modified crops has been the subject of intense research in the past decade. Since the introduction of insect-resistant crops in 1996, cultivation of this group of genetically modified crops has grown substantially. Most insect-resistant varieties, including co...

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Vydáno v:	Agronomy for sustainable development Ročník 27; číslo 3; s. 231 - 236
Hlavní autoři:	Marchetti, Elisa, Accinelli, Cesare, Talamè, Valentina, Epifani, Rosanna
Médium:	Journal Article
Jazyk:	angličtina
Vydáno:	Les Ulis EDP Sciences 01.07.2007 Springer Verlag/EDP Sciences/INRA
Témata:	Agricultural sciences agricultural soils Agronomy. Soil science and plant productions Bacillus thuringiensis bacterial toxins bioavailability Biochemistry Biochemistry and biology Biological and medical sciences Biotechnology Chemical, physicochemical, biochemical and biological properties clay loam soils crops crystal proteins Ecology, environment Environment and pollution environmental fate Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology Genetic engineering applications Genetically engineered organisms behavior (microorganisms, plants, animals) Genetics and breeding of economic plants half life Industrial applications and implications. Economical aspects insecticidal proteins Italy Life Sciences microbial insecticides pesticide persistence Physics, chemistry, biochemistry and biology of agricultural and forest soils Plant breeding: fundamental aspects and methodology protein degradation sandy soils Soil science soil texture temporal variation transgenes transgenic plants Italy Emilia-Romagna Europe Biotechnology Entomopathogen Monocotyledones Bacillus thuringiensis Sandy soil Bacillaceae Temperate zone Endotoxin Texture Cereal crop Cry protein Bacillales Gramineae Angiospermae Bacteria Multigene family Soil science Transgenic plant Recombinant protein Biopesticide microbial insecticides Zea mays genetically modified crops Ecotoxicology Property of soil Cry toxins Agricultural soil Biosafety Physical properties Clay loam soil Persistence Toxin Structural gene Environment Genetic engineering Spermatophyta Molecular biology Genetically modified organism Soil plant relation soil persistence Microbial insecticide
ISSN:	1774-0746, 1773-0155
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Popis
Shrnutí:	The environmental impact of genetically modified crops has been the subject of intense research in the past decade. Since the introduction of insect-resistant crops in 1996, cultivation of this group of genetically modified crops has grown substantially. Most insect-resistant varieties, including corn and cotton, have been engineered to express crystal (Cry) toxins. Although several studies concerning the environmental fate of this group of insecticidal toxins have been conducted during the past decade, conflicting information exists dealing with the persistence of Cry toxins in soil. In the present investigation, the persistence of antilepidopteran Cry1Ab and Cry1Ac toxins in two different agricultural soils was studied. The potential of cry 1 Ab genes to persist in soil was also estimated. The results from this laboratory investigation indicated that the two toxins dissipated rapidly in both the sandy and in the clay loam soil. The two toxins showed similar degradation rates in soil. During the 35-day incubation period, more than 92 and 79% of the initial amount of Cry toxins dissipated in the sandy and clay loam soil, respectively. Extractable fractions of the two toxins were lower in the fine-textured soil with respect to the coarse soil. Reduced recovery efficiency from the clay loam soil and thus bioavailability were presumably involved in the lower decline of Cry toxins in this soil. Investigations conducted with an insect-resistant transgenic corn hybrid showed no detectable levels of cry 1 Ab genes in soil six months after plant harvest.
Bibliografie:	ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 23
ISSN:	1774-0746 1773-0155
DOI:	10.1051/agro:2007010