Inherent Trade-Offs Between the Conflicting Aspects of Designing the Compact Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) Anti-Interference Array

The Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) has emerged as a critical spatiotemporal infrastructure for ensuring the integrity of remote sensing data links. However, traditional GNSS antenna arrays, typically configured with the antenna spacing of half a wavelength, are constrained by the spatial...

Ausführliche Beschreibung

Gespeichert in:

Bibliographische Detailangaben
Veröffentlicht in:	Remote sensing (Basel, Switzerland) Jg. 17; H. 10; S. 1760
Hauptverfasser:	Li, Xiangjun, Zhao, Xiaoyu, Ye, Xiaozhou, Lu, Zukun, Wang, Feixue, Liu, Peiguo
Format:	Journal Article
Sprache:	Englisch
Veröffentlicht:	Basel MDPI AG 01.05.2025
Schlagworte:	Algorithms antenna array design Antenna arrays Antennas Antennas (Electronics) anti-interference Arrays Artificial satellites Availability Constraints Correlation coefficient Correlation coefficients Design Eigenvectors Electromagnetic properties Game theory Genetic algorithms Global navigation satellite system global navigation satellite system (GNSS) Multiple objective analysis Mutual coupling Optimization Pareto optimization Receivers & amplifiers Regulatory mechanisms (biology) Remote sensing Satellites Signal processing Signal to noise ratio Sorting algorithms Tradeoffs Wavelength
ISSN:	2072-4292, 2072-4292
Online-Zugang:	Volltext
Tags:	Tag hinzufügen Keine Tags, Fügen Sie den ersten Tag hinzu!

Abstract	The Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) has emerged as a critical spatiotemporal infrastructure for ensuring the integrity of remote sensing data links. However, traditional GNSS antenna arrays, typically configured with the antenna spacing of half a wavelength, are constrained by the spatial limitations of remote sensing platforms. This limitation results in a restricted number of interference-resistant antennas, posing a risk of failure in scenarios involving distributed multi-source interference. To address this challenge, this paper focuses on the multidimensional trade-off problem in the design of compact GNSS anti-interference arrays under finite spatial constraints. For the first time, we systematically reveal the intrinsic relationships and game-theoretic mechanisms among key parameters, including the number of antennas, antenna spacing, antenna size, null width, coupling effects, and receiver availability. First, we propose a novel null width analysis method based on the steering vector correlation coefficient (SVCC), elucidating the inverse regulatory mechanism between increasing the number of antennas and reducing antenna spacing on null width. Furthermore, we demonstrate that increasing antenna size enhances the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) while also introducing trade-offs with mutual coupling losses, which degrade SNR after compensation. Building on these insights, we innovatively propose a multi-objective optimization framework based on the non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm-II (NSGA-II) model, integrating antenna electromagnetic characteristics and signal processing constraints. Through iterative generation of the Pareto front, this framework achieves a globally optimal solution that balances spatial efficiency and anti-interference performance. Experimental results show that, under a platform constraint of 1 wavelength × 1 wavelength, the optimal number of antennas ranges from 15 to 17, corresponding to receiver availability rates of 89%, 72%, and 55%, respectively.
AbstractList	The Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) has emerged as a critical spatiotemporal infrastructure for ensuring the integrity of remote sensing data links. However, traditional GNSS antenna arrays, typically configured with the antenna spacing of half a wavelength, are constrained by the spatial limitations of remote sensing platforms. This limitation results in a restricted number of interference-resistant antennas, posing a risk of failure in scenarios involving distributed multi-source interference. To address this challenge, this paper focuses on the multidimensional trade-off problem in the design of compact GNSS anti-interference arrays under finite spatial constraints. For the first time, we systematically reveal the intrinsic relationships and game-theoretic mechanisms among key parameters, including the number of antennas, antenna spacing, antenna size, null width, coupling effects, and receiver availability. First, we propose a novel null width analysis method based on the steering vector correlation coefficient (SVCC), elucidating the inverse regulatory mechanism between increasing the number of antennas and reducing antenna spacing on null width. Furthermore, we demonstrate that increasing antenna size enhances the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) while also introducing trade-offs with mutual coupling losses, which degrade SNR after compensation. Building on these insights, we innovatively propose a multi-objective optimization framework based on the non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm-II (NSGA-II) model, integrating antenna electromagnetic characteristics and signal processing constraints. Through iterative generation of the Pareto front, this framework achieves a globally optimal solution that balances spatial efficiency and anti-interference performance. Experimental results show that, under a platform constraint of 1 wavelength × 1 wavelength, the optimal number of antennas ranges from 15 to 17, corresponding to receiver availability rates of 89%, 72%, and 55%, respectively.
Audience	Academic
Author	Ye, Xiaozhou Wang, Feixue Li, Xiangjun Liu, Peiguo Zhao, Xiaoyu Lu, Zukun
Author_xml	– sequence: 1 givenname: Xiangjun surname: Li fullname: Li, Xiangjun – sequence: 2 givenname: Xiaoyu orcidid: 0000-0001-8256-1095 surname: Zhao fullname: Zhao, Xiaoyu – sequence: 3 givenname: Xiaozhou surname: Ye fullname: Ye, Xiaozhou – sequence: 4 givenname: Zukun orcidid: 0000-0003-3277-0504 surname: Lu fullname: Lu, Zukun – sequence: 5 givenname: Feixue surname: Wang fullname: Wang, Feixue – sequence: 6 givenname: Peiguo surname: Liu fullname: Liu, Peiguo
BookMark	eNpNkc1u1DAUhSNUJErphiewxAaQUvyXxFmGgQ4jVe1iyjryz3XqUcYebLdoXoJnxtMgwHdh6-jcz1f3vK7OfPBQVW8JvmKsx59iIh3BpGvxi-qc4o7WnPb07L_3q-oypR0uhzHSY35e_dr4B4jgM7qP0kB9Z21CnyH_BPAoPwBaBW9np7PzExrSAXROKFj0BZKb_ElcTPuD1Bmt56DkjG7lk5tkdsGjrcwwzy4D2h5Thj16v77dbj-gwWdXb3yGaE_fa0BDjPL4pnpp5Zzg8s99UX2__nq_-lbf3K03q-Gm1qwluSaWSaN6TozQVhreNEL0ihtOFZVa8SKqphOtEtBTYjhhtmmYMMBF0-BGsYtqs3BNkLvxEN1exuMYpBufhRCnUcbs9Ayj6voWrO0NMZKTVitoqdBCUkE5L2ssrHcL6xDDj0dIedyFx-jL-COjhBLct4IX19XimmSBOm9DjlKXMrB3ugRpXdEHwWlXuE1XGj4uDTqGlCLYv2MSPJ7yHv_lzX4DtU2etg
Cites_doi	10.1109/JSEN.2023.3240429 10.1109/TIM.2024.3493878 10.1007/s10291-018-0799-6 10.1109/ACCESS.2020.3013880 10.1109/APS.2007.4395666 10.23919/JSEE.2022.000072 10.1109/TITS.2021.3074102 10.3390/rs16234506 10.1109/LAWP.2020.3027679 10.3390/rs16203860 10.1109/TAP.2008.922887 10.1109/JSTARS.2024.3418429 10.3390/rs14194774 10.1088/1742-6596/2853/1/012024 10.1109/TITS.2025.3539800 10.1109/ACCESS.2019.2952886 10.3390/rs15174344 10.1109/TAES.2024.3472629 10.1109/LAWP.2008.2000557 10.1109/TAP.2016.2550053 10.1109/JPROC.2016.2528165
ContentType	Journal Article
Copyright	COPYRIGHT 2025 MDPI AG 2025 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.
Copyright_xml	– notice: COPYRIGHT 2025 MDPI AG – notice: 2025 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.
DBID	AAYXX CITATION 7QF 7QO 7QQ 7QR 7SC 7SE 7SN 7SP 7SR 7TA 7TB 7U5 8BQ 8FD 8FE 8FG ABJCF ABUWG AFKRA ARAPS AZQEC BENPR BGLVJ BHPHI BKSAR C1K CCPQU DWQXO F28 FR3 H8D H8G HCIFZ JG9 JQ2 KR7 L6V L7M L~C L~D M7S P5Z P62 P64 PCBAR PHGZM PHGZT PIMPY PKEHL PQEST PQGLB PQQKQ PQUKI PRINS PTHSS DOA
DOI	10.3390/rs17101760
DatabaseName	CrossRef Aluminium Industry Abstracts Biotechnology Research Abstracts Ceramic Abstracts Chemoreception Abstracts Computer and Information Systems Abstracts Corrosion Abstracts Ecology Abstracts Electronics & Communications Abstracts Engineered Materials Abstracts Materials Business File Mechanical & Transportation Engineering Abstracts Solid State and Superconductivity Abstracts METADEX Technology Research Database ProQuest SciTech Collection ProQuest Technology Collection Materials Science & Engineering Collection ProQuest Central (Alumni) ProQuest Central UK/Ireland Advanced Technologies & Computer Science Collection ProQuest Central Essentials ProQuest Central (subscription) Technology Collection Natural Science Collection Earth, Atmospheric & Aquatic Science Collection Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management ProQuest One Community College ProQuest Central Korea ANTE: Abstracts in New Technology & Engineering Engineering Research Database Aerospace Database Copper Technical Reference Library SciTech Premium Collection Materials Research Database ProQuest Computer Science Collection Civil Engineering Abstracts ProQuest Engineering Collection Advanced Technologies Database with Aerospace Computer and Information Systems Abstracts Academic Computer and Information Systems Abstracts Professional Engineering Database Advanced Technologies & Aerospace Database ProQuest Advanced Technologies & Aerospace Collection Biotechnology and BioEngineering Abstracts Earth, Atmospheric & Aquatic Science Database ProQuest Central Premium ProQuest One Academic Publicly Available Content Database ProQuest One Academic Middle East (New) ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE) ProQuest One Applied & Life Sciences ProQuest One Academic (retired) ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition ProQuest Central China Engineering Collection DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals
DatabaseTitle	CrossRef Publicly Available Content Database Materials Research Database ProQuest Advanced Technologies & Aerospace Collection ProQuest Central Essentials ProQuest Computer Science Collection Computer and Information Systems Abstracts SciTech Premium Collection ProQuest Central China Materials Business File Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management ProQuest One Applied & Life Sciences Engineered Materials Abstracts Natural Science Collection Chemoreception Abstracts ProQuest Central (New) Engineering Collection ANTE: Abstracts in New Technology & Engineering Advanced Technologies & Aerospace Collection Engineering Database Aluminium Industry Abstracts ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition Electronics & Communications Abstracts Earth, Atmospheric & Aquatic Science Database ProQuest Technology Collection Ceramic Abstracts Ecology Abstracts Biotechnology and BioEngineering Abstracts ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition Solid State and Superconductivity Abstracts Engineering Research Database ProQuest One Academic ProQuest One Academic (New) Technology Collection Technology Research Database Computer and Information Systems Abstracts – Academic ProQuest One Academic Middle East (New) Mechanical & Transportation Engineering Abstracts ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition) ProQuest One Community College Earth, Atmospheric & Aquatic Science Collection ProQuest Central Aerospace Database Copper Technical Reference Library ProQuest Engineering Collection Biotechnology Research Abstracts ProQuest Central Korea Advanced Technologies Database with Aerospace Civil Engineering Abstracts ProQuest SciTech Collection METADEX Computer and Information Systems Abstracts Professional Advanced Technologies & Aerospace Database Materials Science & Engineering Collection Corrosion Abstracts
DatabaseTitleList	CrossRef Publicly Available Content Database
Database_xml	– sequence: 1 dbid: DOA name: Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ) url: https://www.doaj.org/ sourceTypes: Open Website – sequence: 2 dbid: PIMPY name: Publicly Available Content Database url: http://search.proquest.com/publiccontent sourceTypes: Aggregation Database
DeliveryMethod	fulltext_linktorsrc
Discipline	Geography
EISSN	2072-4292
ExternalDocumentID	oai_doaj_org_article_b796eff9d1da416cbe628c8a28244331 A842724457 10_3390_rs17101760
GroupedDBID	29P 2WC 2XV 5VS 8FE 8FG 8FH AADQD AAHBH AAYXX ABDBF ABJCF ACUHS ADBBV ADMLS AENEX AFFHD AFKRA AFZYC ALMA_UNASSIGNED_HOLDINGS ARAPS BCNDV BENPR BGLVJ BHPHI BKSAR CCPQU CITATION E3Z ESX FRP GROUPED_DOAJ HCIFZ I-F IAO ITC KQ8 L6V LK5 M7R M7S MODMG M~E OK1 P62 PCBAR PHGZM PHGZT PIMPY PQGLB PROAC PTHSS TR2 TUS 7QF 7QO 7QQ 7QR 7SC 7SE 7SN 7SP 7SR 7TA 7TB 7U5 8BQ 8FD ABUWG AZQEC C1K DWQXO F28 FR3 H8D H8G JG9 JQ2 KR7 L7M L~C L~D P64 PKEHL PQEST PQQKQ PQUKI PRINS
ID	FETCH-LOGICAL-c361t-1f3adb941d8cfad455889b4d42b2acb4cfab5786b8e921d413f5538de485505b3
IEDL.DBID	M7S
ISICitedReferencesCount	0
ISICitedReferencesURI	http://www.webofscience.com/api/gateway?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=Summon&SrcAuth=ProQuest&DestLinkType=CitingArticles&DestApp=WOS_CPL&KeyUT=001496057800001&url=https%3A%2F%2Fcvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com%2F%23%21%2Fsearch%3Fho%3Df%26include.ft.matches%3Dt%26l%3Dnull%26q%3D
ISSN	2072-4292
IngestDate	Mon Nov 10 04:30:08 EST 2025 Fri Jul 25 09:45:24 EDT 2025 Tue Nov 04 18:10:49 EST 2025 Sat Nov 29 07:12:50 EST 2025
IsDoiOpenAccess	true
IsOpenAccess	true
IsPeerReviewed	true
IsScholarly	true
Issue	10
Language	English
LinkModel	DirectLink
MergedId	FETCHMERGED-LOGICAL-c361t-1f3adb941d8cfad455889b4d42b2acb4cfab5786b8e921d413f5538de485505b3
Notes	ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 14
ORCID	0000-0003-3277-0504 0000-0001-8256-1095
OpenAccessLink	https://www.proquest.com/docview/3212109684?pq-origsite=%requestingapplication%
PQID	3212109684
PQPubID	2032338
ParticipantIDs	doaj_primary_oai_doaj_org_article_b796eff9d1da416cbe628c8a28244331 proquest_journals_3212109684 gale_infotracacademiconefile_A842724457 crossref_primary_10_3390_rs17101760
PublicationCentury	2000
PublicationDate	2025-05-01
PublicationDateYYYYMMDD	2025-05-01
PublicationDate_xml	– month: 05 year: 2025 text: 2025-05-01 day: 01
PublicationDecade	2020
PublicationPlace	Basel
PublicationPlace_xml	– name: Basel
PublicationTitle	Remote sensing (Basel, Switzerland)
PublicationYear	2025
Publisher	MDPI AG
Publisher_xml	– name: MDPI AG
References	Wang (ref_10) 2024; 61 Li (ref_4) 2024; 73 Sun (ref_8) 2023; 23 Gong (ref_14) 2020; 8 ref_12 Zhou (ref_15) 2008; 56 ref_23 ref_22 Kasemodel (ref_16) 2008; 7 ref_20 Yang (ref_11) 2022; 10 Elghamrawy (ref_5) 2022; 23 Bu (ref_1) 2024; 17 ref_2 Wang (ref_7) 2023; 34 ref_18 ref_17 Zhang (ref_3) 2019; 23 ref_9 Volakis (ref_19) 2016; 104 Wang (ref_21) 2016; 64 Wang (ref_13) 2020; 19 ref_6
References_xml	– volume: 23 start-page: 26087 year: 2023 ident: ref_8 article-title: A Novel GNSS Sweep Interference Detection and Mitigation Method Based on Radon–Wigner Transform publication-title: IEEE Sens. J. doi: 10.1109/JSEN.2023.3240429 – volume: 73 start-page: 1 year: 2024 ident: ref_4 article-title: Tradeoff of Code Estimation Error Rate and Terminal Gain in SCER Attack publication-title: IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas. doi: 10.1109/TIM.2024.3493878 – volume: 23 start-page: 7 year: 2019 ident: ref_3 article-title: Real-Time Carrier Phase Multipath Detection Based on Dual-Frequency C/N0 Data publication-title: GPS Solut. doi: 10.1007/s10291-018-0799-6 – volume: 8 start-page: 144015 year: 2020 ident: ref_14 article-title: An ANN-Based Synthesis Method for Nonuniform Linear Arrays Including Mutual Coupling Effects publication-title: IEEE Access doi: 10.1109/ACCESS.2020.3013880 – ident: ref_17 doi: 10.1109/APS.2007.4395666 – volume: 34 start-page: 335 year: 2023 ident: ref_7 article-title: GNSS Array Receiver Faced with Overloaded Interferences: Anti-Jamming Performance and the Incident Directions of Interferences publication-title: J. Syst. Eng. Electron. doi: 10.23919/JSEE.2022.000072 – volume: 23 start-page: 7881 year: 2022 ident: ref_5 article-title: High-Resolution Spectral Estimation for Continuous Wave Jamming Mitigation of GNSS Signals in Autonomous Vehicles publication-title: IEEE Trans. Intell. Transp. Syst. doi: 10.1109/TITS.2021.3074102 – ident: ref_6 doi: 10.3390/rs16234506 – volume: 19 start-page: 2206 year: 2020 ident: ref_13 article-title: Mapping-Based Pattern Synthesis of Concentric Elliptical Arrays for Sidelode Suppression and Aperture Reduction publication-title: IEEE Antennas Wirel. Propag. Lett. doi: 10.1109/LAWP.2020.3027679 – ident: ref_2 doi: 10.3390/rs16203860 – volume: 56 start-page: 1469 year: 2008 ident: ref_15 article-title: Single-Fed Circularly Polarized Antenna Element With Reduced Coupling for GPS Arrays publication-title: IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag. doi: 10.1109/TAP.2008.922887 – volume: 17 start-page: 13047 year: 2024 ident: ref_1 article-title: Ocean Remote Sensing Using Spaceborne GNSS-Reflectometry: A Review publication-title: IEEE J. Sel. Top. Appl. Earth Obs. Remote Sens. doi: 10.1109/JSTARS.2024.3418429 – ident: ref_9 doi: 10.3390/rs14194774 – ident: ref_12 doi: 10.1088/1742-6596/2853/1/012024 – ident: ref_23 doi: 10.1109/TITS.2025.3539800 – volume: 10 start-page: 70242 year: 2022 ident: ref_11 article-title: Analysis of the Effects Power-Inversion (PI) Adaptive Algorithm Have on GNSS Received Pseudorange Measurement publication-title: IEEE Access doi: 10.1109/ACCESS.2019.2952886 – ident: ref_22 – ident: ref_18 doi: 10.3390/rs15174344 – volume: 61 start-page: 2557 year: 2024 ident: ref_10 article-title: Two-Stage Spatial Whitening and Normalized MUSIC for Robust DOA Estimation of GNSS Signals under Jamming publication-title: IEEE Trans. Aerosp. Electron. Syst. doi: 10.1109/TAES.2024.3472629 – ident: ref_20 – volume: 7 start-page: 592 year: 2008 ident: ref_16 article-title: Miniature Continuous Coverage Antenna Array for GNSS Receivers publication-title: Antennas Wirel. Propag. Lett. IEEE doi: 10.1109/LAWP.2008.2000557 – volume: 64 start-page: 2236 year: 2016 ident: ref_21 article-title: Performance of the Large-Scale Adaptive Array Antennas in the Presence of Mutual Coupling publication-title: IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag. doi: 10.1109/TAP.2016.2550053 – volume: 104 start-page: 1221 year: 2016 ident: ref_19 article-title: Small and Adaptive Antennas and Arrays for GNSS Applications publication-title: Proc. IEEE doi: 10.1109/JPROC.2016.2528165
SSID	ssj0000331904
Score	2.3967288
Snippet	The Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) has emerged as a critical spatiotemporal infrastructure for ensuring the integrity of remote sensing data links....
SourceID	doaj proquest gale crossref
SourceType	Open Website Aggregation Database Index Database
StartPage	1760
SubjectTerms	Algorithms antenna array design Antenna arrays Antennas Antennas (Electronics) anti-interference Arrays Artificial satellites Availability Constraints Correlation coefficient Correlation coefficients Design Eigenvectors Electromagnetic properties Game theory Genetic algorithms Global navigation satellite system global navigation satellite system (GNSS) Multiple objective analysis Mutual coupling Optimization Pareto optimization Receivers & amplifiers Regulatory mechanisms (biology) Remote sensing Satellites Signal processing Signal to noise ratio Sorting algorithms Tradeoffs Wavelength
SummonAdditionalLinks	– databaseName: DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals dbid: DOA link: http://cvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwrV3PT9swFLZQhTQuaGxMdOuQpU0CDlETx4ntY4GVTUIFqSD1ZtmxTbmkUxKQ-k_wN-_ZToHLxIWr48OT3-_ofd9D6GcJeYAoQZPc6TKhzg8BVC5NlGOcGkZUoQNQ-JLNZnyxENevVn35mbBIDxwfbqyZKK1zwmRGQfFQaVsSXnEFrQL1aB8ffVMmXjVTIQbDF5HSyEeaQ18_btqMefMLXJQvGSgQ9f8vHIccM_2IdvviEE-iUHtoy9af0Id-T_ly_Rk9_amXHp_XYcgxxiZXzrX4NI5aYSjl8NkG5VHf4UlAUbZ45fB5mNPwh_FSgEbiyPePZ-ox8GysajxXgaCzszgymePji9l8foIndXefhJ-HPTwQZGzUeh_dTn_dnP1O-o0KSZWXWZdkLldGC5oZXjllaFFwLjQ1lGiiKk3hUIMLl5pbQTIDCc4VEBGNDbxnhc6_oEG9qu0BwiUviIX2ihloEJlLtSKmMKnJCRMmzd0Q_di8svwbiTMkNBxeF_JFF0N06hXwfMOTXYcDMAHZm4B8ywSG6MirT3qX7BpVqR5ZAIJ6cis54ZQwuFqwIRptNCx7X21lTjyJmig5_foe0nxDO8TvCA5DkSM06JoH-x1tV4_dfdscBjP9B9Na7U4 priority: 102 providerName: Directory of Open Access Journals
Title	Inherent Trade-Offs Between the Conflicting Aspects of Designing the Compact Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) Anti-Interference Array
URI	https://www.proquest.com/docview/3212109684 https://doaj.org/article/b796eff9d1da416cbe628c8a28244331
Volume	17
WOSCitedRecordID	wos001496057800001&url=https%3A%2F%2Fcvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com%2F%23%21%2Fsearch%3Fho%3Df%26include.ft.matches%3Dt%26l%3Dnull%26q%3D
hasFullText	1
inHoldings	1
isFullTextHit
isPrint
journalDatabaseRights	– providerCode: PRVAON databaseName: Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ) customDbUrl: eissn: 2072-4292 dateEnd: 99991231 omitProxy: false ssIdentifier: ssj0000331904 issn: 2072-4292 databaseCode: DOA dateStart: 20090101 isFulltext: true titleUrlDefault: https://www.doaj.org/ providerName: Directory of Open Access Journals – providerCode: PRVHPJ databaseName: ROAD: Directory of Open Access Scholarly Resources customDbUrl: eissn: 2072-4292 dateEnd: 99991231 omitProxy: false ssIdentifier: ssj0000331904 issn: 2072-4292 databaseCode: M~E dateStart: 20090101 isFulltext: true titleUrlDefault: https://road.issn.org providerName: ISSN International Centre – providerCode: PRVPQU databaseName: AAdvanced Technologies & Aerospace Database (subscription) customDbUrl: eissn: 2072-4292 dateEnd: 99991231 omitProxy: false ssIdentifier: ssj0000331904 issn: 2072-4292 databaseCode: P5Z dateStart: 20090301 isFulltext: true titleUrlDefault: https://search.proquest.com/hightechjournals providerName: ProQuest – providerCode: PRVPQU databaseName: Earth, Atmospheric & Aquatic Science Database customDbUrl: eissn: 2072-4292 dateEnd: 99991231 omitProxy: false ssIdentifier: ssj0000331904 issn: 2072-4292 databaseCode: PCBAR dateStart: 20090301 isFulltext: true titleUrlDefault: https://search.proquest.com/eaasdb providerName: ProQuest – providerCode: PRVPQU databaseName: Engineering Database (subscription) customDbUrl: eissn: 2072-4292 dateEnd: 99991231 omitProxy: false ssIdentifier: ssj0000331904 issn: 2072-4292 databaseCode: M7S dateStart: 20090301 isFulltext: true titleUrlDefault: http://search.proquest.com providerName: ProQuest – providerCode: PRVPQU databaseName: ProQuest Central customDbUrl: eissn: 2072-4292 dateEnd: 99991231 omitProxy: false ssIdentifier: ssj0000331904 issn: 2072-4292 databaseCode: BENPR dateStart: 20090301 isFulltext: true titleUrlDefault: https://www.proquest.com/central providerName: ProQuest – providerCode: PRVPQU databaseName: Publicly Available Content Database customDbUrl: eissn: 2072-4292 dateEnd: 99991231 omitProxy: false ssIdentifier: ssj0000331904 issn: 2072-4292 databaseCode: PIMPY dateStart: 20090301 isFulltext: true titleUrlDefault: http://search.proquest.com/publiccontent providerName: ProQuest
link	http://cvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwpV1Nb9QwELWgRYIL34iFsrIEEnCImjhObJ_QbtlCJQgRC1LhYtmx3faSlCRU6oWfwG9m7Hi7J7hw8cH2wdKMZzzjeW8QelGCHyBK0CR3ukyo80UAjUsT5RinhhFV6AAU_sCqih8fizom3IZYVrmxicFQm67xOfL9nHiqK1Fy-ub8R-K7Rvnf1dhC4zra9SwJWSjdW1_lWNIcFCylEytpDtH9fj9kzCthYKTc-qFA1_83oxw8zeGd_z3jXXQ7vjHxYlKKe-iabe-jm7Hd-enlA_T7qD31ML8Rg6syNvnk3ICXU8UWhhchPtiARdoTvAhgzAF3Dr8N5R5-ctoUEJZ4ahuAK3UR6Dq6Fq9V4PkcLZ4I0fGrd9V6_Rov2vEsCTnIiDKEM_bq8iH6erj6cvA-iY0ZkiYvszHJXK6MFjQzvHHK0KLgXGhqKNFENZrCpAZLUGpuBckM-ElXgGE1NtCnFTp_hHbarrWPES55QSxEacxAnMlcqhUxhUlNTpgwae5m6PlGTPJ84t-QELd4YcqtMGdo6SV4tcNzZoeJrj-R8QpKzURpnRMmMwqeoY22JeENVxB0Uo8bm6GXXv7S3-yxV42KAAU4qOfIkgtOCYOtBZuhvY38Zbzyg9wK_8m_l5-iW8Q3EQ5Vk3toZ-x_2mfoRnMxng39HO0uV1X9eR6SA_Ogz378tYKxLr7Den30sf72B4giAa4
linkProvider	ProQuest
linkToHtml	http://cvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMw1V1Nb9QwEB2VLVK58I1YKGAJEHCImthOYh8qtG0pXXUbVtoilVOwY7vtJSlJKNo_wU_hN9Z2ku4Jbj1wdazISl7eeJx5bwDeJDYOYMFpQIxMAmpcEUBhwkCYlFGVYhFLLxSepVnGTk74fA3-DFoYV1Y5cKInalUV7ox8i2BndcUTRj9e_Ahc1yj3d3VoodHB4lAvf9mUrdme7tn3-xbj_U_HuwdB31UgKEgStUFkiFCS00ixwghF45gxLqmiWGJRSGoHpYVxIpnmOFKW5E1sWUFp7_0VS2LvewvWqQP7CNbn06P5t-tTnZBYSIe080ElhIdbdROlDvbeA3MV-XyDgL-FAR_b9u_9b0_lPtztd9Fo0sH-Aazp8iFs9A3dz5aP4Pe0PHNCxhbZYKx08MWYBu10NWnI7nnR7iCHKU_RxMtNG1QZtOcLWtxgN8lrSFHXGAFl4tIbklQlWgjvZNpq1Fm-o_efs8XiA5qU7XngT1l7HaVdYy2Wj-HrjTyOJzAqq1I_BZSwGGubh6bKZtKpCaXAKlahIjjlKiRmDK8HWOQXncNIbjMzB558BZ4x7DjEXM9wruB-oKpP855kcpnyRBvDVaSE3WgXUieYFUzYtJo6ZdwY3jm85Y672loUopdg2IU6F7B8wihO7dQ4HcPmgLe8J7UmX4Ht2b8vv4KNg-OjWT6bZofP4Q52LZN9jegmjNr6p34Bt4vL9rypX_bfD4LvNw3OK2epWoQ
linkToPdf	http://cvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMw1V1Nb9QwELVKQcCFb8RCAUuAgEO0ie3EzgGhbZeFVatlpQWp6sXYsd32kpQkFO2f4Afx6xg7SfcEtx64OlZkOW9mPM68Nwi9zCAOEJWziDqdRcz5IoDCxZFyXDDDiUp1IAof8MVCHB7myy30e-DC-LLKwScGR22qwt-RjynxUld5JtjY9WURy-ns_dn3yHeQ8n9ah3YaHUT27fonpG_Nu_kUvvUrQmYfvux9ivoOA1FBs6SNEkeV0TlLjCicMixNhcg1M4xoogrNYFADpDMtbE4SAw7fpeAhjA06YKmm8N4r6CqHHNOXEy7To4v7nZgCuGPWKaJSmsfjukm4N4CghrmJgaFVwN8CQohys9v_8_7cQbf6szWedMZwF23Z8h660bd5P1nfR7_m5YmnN7YYQrSx0WfnGrzbVaphOAnjvYEkUx7jSSChNrhyeBrKXPxgNykwS3HXLgEv1HmQKalKvFJB37S1uBOCx28-Llart3hStqdRuHvt2ZWwxlqtH6Cvl7IdD9F2WZX2EcKZSImF7JQbyK-5i7UiJjWxoYTnJqZuhF4MEJFnne6IhHzNA0lugDRCux49FzO8VngYqOpj2bseqXmeWedykxgFx-9C24yIQihItpnny43Qa4896T1aW6tC9cQMWKjXBpMTwQiHqSkfoZ0Be7J3dY3cAO_xvx8_R9cBkfJgvth_gm4S30c5FI7uoO22_mGfomvFeXva1M-CIWH07bKR-Qcn9GHn
openUrl	ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info%3Aofi%2Fenc%3AUTF-8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsummon.serialssolutions.com&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Inherent+Trade-Offs+Between+the+Conflicting+Aspects+of+Designing+the+Compact+Global+Navigation+Satellite+System+%28GNSS%29+Anti-Interference+Array&rft.jtitle=Remote+sensing+%28Basel%2C+Switzerland%29&rft.au=Li%2C+Xiangjun&rft.au=Zhao%2C+Xiaoyu&rft.au=Ye%2C+Xiaozhou&rft.au=Lu%2C+Zukun&rft.date=2025-05-01&rft.issn=2072-4292&rft.eissn=2072-4292&rft.volume=17&rft.issue=10&rft.spage=1760&rft_id=info:doi/10.3390%2Frs17101760&rft.externalDBID=n%2Fa&rft.externalDocID=10_3390_rs17101760
thumbnail_l	http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/lc.gif&issn=2072-4292&client=summon
thumbnail_m	http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/mc.gif&issn=2072-4292&client=summon
thumbnail_s	http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/sc.gif&issn=2072-4292&client=summon