Governing Nonconformity: Gender Presentation, Public Space, and the City in New Order Indonesia
The regulation of public space is generative of new approaches to gender nonconformity. In 1968 in Jakarta, the capital of Indonesia, a group of people who identified as wadam—a new term made by combining parts of Indonesian words denoting “femininity” and “masculinity”—made a claim to the city'...
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| Vydáno v: | The Journal of Asian studies Ročník 80; číslo 4; s. 955 - 974 |
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| Hlavní autor: | |
| Médium: | Journal Article |
| Jazyk: | angličtina |
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New York, USA
Cambridge University Press
01.11.2021
Duke University Press, NC & IL |
| Témata: | |
| ISSN: | 0021-9118, 1752-0401 |
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| Abstract | The regulation of public space is generative of new approaches to gender nonconformity. In 1968 in Jakarta, the capital of Indonesia, a group of people who identified as wadam—a new term made by combining parts of Indonesian words denoting “femininity” and “masculinity”—made a claim to the city's governor that they had the right to appear in public space. This article illustrates the paradoxical achievement of obtaining recognition on terms constituted through public nuisance regulations governing access to and movement through space. The origins and diffuse effects of recognition achieved by those who identified as wadam and, a decade later, waria facilitated the partial recognition of a status that was legal but nonconforming. This possibility emerged out of city-level innovations and historical conceptualizations of the body in Indonesia. Attending to the way that gender nonconformity was folded into existing methods of codifying space at the scale of the city reflects a broader anxiety over who can enter public space and on what basis. Considering a concern for struggles to contend with nonconformity on spatial grounds at the level of the city encourages an alternative perspective on the emergence of gender and sexual morality as a definitive feature of national belonging in Indonesia and elsewhere. |
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| AbstractList | The regulation of public space is generative of new approaches to gender nonconformity. In 1968 in Jakarta, the capital of Indonesia, a group of people who identified as wadam—a new term made by combining parts of Indonesian words denoting “femininity” and “masculinity”—made a claim to the city's governor that they had the right to appear in public space. This article illustrates the paradoxical achievement of obtaining recognition on terms constituted through public nuisance regulations governing access to and movement through space. The origins and diffuse effects of recognition achieved by those who identified as wadam and, a decade later, waria facilitated the partial recognition of a status that was legal but nonconforming. This possibility emerged out of city-level innovations and historical conceptualizations of the body in Indonesia. Attending to the way that gender nonconformity was folded into existing methods of codifying space at the scale of the city reflects a broader anxiety over who can enter public space and on what basis. Considering a concern for struggles to contend with nonconformity on spatial grounds at the level of the city encourages an alternative perspective on the emergence of gender and sexual morality as a definitive feature of national belonging in Indonesia and elsewhere. The regulation of public space is generative of new approaches to gender nonconformity. In 1968 in Jakarta, the capital of Indonesia, a group of people who identified as wadam —a new term made by combining parts of Indonesian words denoting “femininity” and “masculinity”—made a claim to the city's governor that they had the right to appear in public space. This article illustrates the paradoxical achievement of obtaining recognition on terms constituted through public nuisance regulations governing access to and movement through space. The origins and diffuse effects of recognition achieved by those who identified as wadam and, a decade later, waria facilitated the partial recognition of a status that was legal but nonconforming. This possibility emerged out of city-level innovations and historical conceptualizations of the body in Indonesia. Attending to the way that gender nonconformity was folded into existing methods of codifying space at the scale of the city reflects a broader anxiety over who can enter public space and on what basis. Considering a concern for struggles to contend with nonconformity on spatial grounds at the level of the city encourages an alternative perspective on the emergence of gender and sexual morality as a definitive feature of national belonging in Indonesia and elsewhere. |
| Author | Hegarty, Benjamin |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Benjamin orcidid: 0000-0002-5240-1143 surname: Hegarty fullname: Hegarty, Benjamin email: benjamin.hegarty@unimelb.edu.au organization: Benjamin Hegarty (benjamin.hegarty@unimelb.edu.au) is a McKenzie Postdoctoral Fellow at the University of Melbourne |
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| CitedBy_id | crossref_primary_10_1016_j_ssaho_2025_101559 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_cities_2024_105031 crossref_primary_10_3390_bs12100388 crossref_primary_10_1080_13639811_2022_2035074 crossref_primary_10_1177_13634607241248894 |
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| Snippet | The regulation of public space is generative of new approaches to gender nonconformity. In 1968 in Jakarta, the capital of Indonesia, a group of people who... |
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| SubjectTerms | Acknowledgment Anxiety Asian studies Cities Conformity Ethnography Femininity Gender Gender nonconforming Governors Innovations Masculinity Morality Public nuisance Public spaces Recognition Regulation Transgender persons Women |
| Title | Governing Nonconformity: Gender Presentation, Public Space, and the City in New Order Indonesia |
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| Volume | 80 |
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