Age of Information: An Introduction and Survey

We summarize recent contributions in the broad area of age of information (AoI). In particular, we describe the current state of the art in the design and optimization of low-latency cyberphysical systems and applications in which sources send time-stamped status updates to interested recipients. Th...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:	IEEE journal on selected areas in communications Vol. 39; no. 5; pp. 1183 - 1210
Main Authors:	Yates, Roy D., Sun, Yin, Brown, D. Richard, Kaul, Sanjit K., Modiano, Eytan, Ulukus, Sennur
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	New York IEEE 01.05.2021 The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE)
Subjects:	Age Age of information (AoI) age-delay tradeoff age-energy tradeoff communication networks Complex systems Cyber-physical systems Design optimization Energy harvesting information freshness information update system Measurement Monitoring Network latency non-linear age penalty packet delay Queueing analysis queueing systems Queuing theory selective encoding Servers Stochastic processes Sun Surgery time measurement timely source coding wireless communication Wireless networks
ISSN:	0733-8716, 1558-0008
Online Access:	Get full text
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Abstract	We summarize recent contributions in the broad area of age of information (AoI). In particular, we describe the current state of the art in the design and optimization of low-latency cyberphysical systems and applications in which sources send time-stamped status updates to interested recipients. These applications desire status updates at the recipients to be as timely as possible; however, this is typically constrained by limited system resources. We describe AoI timeliness metrics and present general methods of AoI evaluation analysis that are applicable to a wide variety of sources and systems. Starting from elementary single-server queues, we apply these AoI methods to a range of increasingly complex systems, including energy harvesting sensors transmitting over noisy channels, parallel server systems, queueing networks, and various single-hop and multi-hop wireless networks. We also explore how update age is related to MMSE methods of sampling, estimation and control of stochastic processes. The paper concludes with a review of efforts to employ age optimization in cyberphysical applications.
AbstractList	We summarize recent contributions in the broad area of age of information (AoI). In particular, we describe the current state of the art in the design and optimization of low-latency cyberphysical systems and applications in which sources send time-stamped status updates to interested recipients. These applications desire status updates at the recipients to be as timely as possible; however, this is typically constrained by limited system resources. We describe AoI timeliness metrics and present general methods of AoI evaluation analysis that are applicable to a wide variety of sources and systems. Starting from elementary single-server queues, we apply these AoI methods to a range of increasingly complex systems, including energy harvesting sensors transmitting over noisy channels, parallel server systems, queueing networks, and various single-hop and multi-hop wireless networks. We also explore how update age is related to MMSE methods of sampling, estimation and control of stochastic processes. The paper concludes with a review of efforts to employ age optimization in cyberphysical applications.
Author	Brown, D. Richard Modiano, Eytan Sun, Yin Yates, Roy D. Kaul, Sanjit K. Ulukus, Sennur
Author_xml	– sequence: 1 givenname: Roy D. orcidid: 0000-0003-4333-6607 surname: Yates fullname: Yates, Roy D. email: ryates@winlab.rutgers.edu organization: Wireless Information Network Laboratory, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA – sequence: 2 givenname: Yin surname: Sun fullname: Sun, Yin email: yinsun@auburn.edu organization: Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA – sequence: 3 givenname: D. Richard surname: Brown fullname: Brown, D. Richard email: drb@wpi.edu organization: Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, MA, USA – sequence: 4 givenname: Sanjit K. orcidid: 0000-0001-5867-8584 surname: Kaul fullname: Kaul, Sanjit K. email: skkaul@iiitd.ac.in organization: Wireless Systems Lab, IIIT-Delhi, New Delhi, India – sequence: 5 givenname: Eytan surname: Modiano fullname: Modiano, Eytan email: modiano@mit.edu organization: Laboratory for Information and Decision Systems (LIDS), Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, MA, USA – sequence: 6 givenname: Sennur orcidid: 0000-0002-8219-8190 surname: Ulukus fullname: Ulukus, Sennur email: ulukus@umd.edu organization: Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
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Snippet	We summarize recent contributions in the broad area of age of information (AoI). In particular, we describe the current state of the art in the design and...
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SubjectTerms	Age Age of information (AoI) age-delay tradeoff age-energy tradeoff communication networks Complex systems Cyber-physical systems Design optimization Energy harvesting information freshness information update system Measurement Monitoring Network latency non-linear age penalty packet delay Queueing analysis queueing systems Queuing theory selective encoding Servers Stochastic processes Sun Surgery time measurement timely source coding wireless communication Wireless networks
Title	Age of Information: An Introduction and Survey
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