Urinary excretion of platinum (Pt) following skin and respiratory exposure to soluble Pt at South African precious metals refineries
[Display omitted] •This is the first study to report occupational skin exposure to soluble Pt.•This is the first study to correlate occupational skin and respiratory exposure to soluble Pt with urinary Pt excretion.•Partial correlations revealed significant positive correlations between skin and res...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | International journal of hygiene and environmental health Jg. 221; H. 6; S. 868 - 875 |
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01.07.2018
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| ISSN: | 1438-4639, 1618-131X, 1618-131X |
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| Abstract | [Display omitted]
•This is the first study to report occupational skin exposure to soluble Pt.•This is the first study to correlate occupational skin and respiratory exposure to soluble Pt with urinary Pt excretion.•Partial correlations revealed significant positive correlations between skin and respiratory exposure and urinary Pt excretion.•Differences in work areas primarily influenced workers’ skin and respiratory exposure and their urinary Pt excretion.•Skin exposure can possibly lead to the uptake of minor concentrations of Pt and increased urinary Pt excretion.
Adverse respiratory and skin health effects have been associated with occupational exposure to soluble platinum (Pt). However, the relationship between skin exposure and urinary Pt excretion has not yet been investigated. In this study we examined the relationship between skin and respiratory exposure to soluble Pt and urinary Pt excretion at two South African precious metals refineries.
The skin and respiratory exposure to soluble Pt as well as the urinary Pt excretion of forty precious metals refinery workers was assessed simultaneously using Ghostwipes™, Methods for the Determination of Hazardous Substances method 46/2 and spot urine tests, respectively.
The geometric mean for skin exposure to soluble Pt on four anatomical positions (palm, wrist, neck and forehead) was 0.008 μg/cm2 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.005-0.013 μg/cm2], while the geometric mean for respiratory exposure was 0.301 μg/m3 (95%CI: 0.151-0.601 μg/m3) and the geometric mean for urinary Pt excretion was 0.212 μg/g creatinine (95%CI: 0.169-0.265 μg/g creatinine). Partial correlations identified significant positive correlations between skin exposure, respiratory exposure and urinary Pt excretion (r = 0.580 to 0.754).
Skin and respiratory exposures to soluble Pt were both positively correlated with urinary Pt excretion, and both exposure routes should be considered when investigating occupational exposure to soluble Pt. |
|---|---|
| AbstractList | Adverse respiratory and skin health effects have been associated with occupational exposure to soluble platinum (Pt). However, the relationship between skin exposure and urinary Pt excretion has not yet been investigated. In this study we examined the relationship between skin and respiratory exposure to soluble Pt and urinary Pt excretion at two South African precious metals refineries. The skin and respiratory exposure to soluble Pt as well as the urinary Pt excretion of forty precious metals refinery workers was assessed simultaneously using Ghostwipes™, Methods for the Determination of Hazardous Substances method 46/2 and spot urine tests, respectively. The geometric mean for skin exposure to soluble Pt on four anatomical positions (palm, wrist, neck and forehead) was 0.008 μg/cm2 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.005-0.013 μg/cm2], while the geometric mean for respiratory exposure was 0.301 μg/m3 (95%CI: 0.151-0.601 μg/m3) and the geometric mean for urinary Pt excretion was 0.212 μg/g creatinine (95%CI: 0.169-0.265 μg/g creatinine). Partial correlations identified significant positive correlations between skin exposure, respiratory exposure and urinary Pt excretion (r = 0.580 to 0.754). Skin and respiratory exposures to soluble Pt were both positively correlated with urinary Pt excretion, and both exposure routes should be considered when investigating occupational exposure to soluble Pt.Adverse respiratory and skin health effects have been associated with occupational exposure to soluble platinum (Pt). However, the relationship between skin exposure and urinary Pt excretion has not yet been investigated. In this study we examined the relationship between skin and respiratory exposure to soluble Pt and urinary Pt excretion at two South African precious metals refineries. The skin and respiratory exposure to soluble Pt as well as the urinary Pt excretion of forty precious metals refinery workers was assessed simultaneously using Ghostwipes™, Methods for the Determination of Hazardous Substances method 46/2 and spot urine tests, respectively. The geometric mean for skin exposure to soluble Pt on four anatomical positions (palm, wrist, neck and forehead) was 0.008 μg/cm2 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.005-0.013 μg/cm2], while the geometric mean for respiratory exposure was 0.301 μg/m3 (95%CI: 0.151-0.601 μg/m3) and the geometric mean for urinary Pt excretion was 0.212 μg/g creatinine (95%CI: 0.169-0.265 μg/g creatinine). Partial correlations identified significant positive correlations between skin exposure, respiratory exposure and urinary Pt excretion (r = 0.580 to 0.754). Skin and respiratory exposures to soluble Pt were both positively correlated with urinary Pt excretion, and both exposure routes should be considered when investigating occupational exposure to soluble Pt. Adverse respiratory and skin health effects have been associated with occupational exposure to soluble platinum (Pt). However, the relationship between skin exposure and urinary Pt excretion has not yet been investigated. In this study we examined the relationship between skin and respiratory exposure to soluble Pt and urinary Pt excretion at two South African precious metals refineries. The skin and respiratory exposure to soluble Pt as well as the urinary Pt excretion of forty precious metals refinery workers was assessed simultaneously using Ghostwipes™, Methods for the Determination of Hazardous Substances method 46/2 and spot urine tests, respectively. The geometric mean for skin exposure to soluble Pt on four anatomical positions (palm, wrist, neck and forehead) was 0.008 μg/cm [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.005-0.013 μg/cm ], while the geometric mean for respiratory exposure was 0.301 μg/m (95%CI: 0.151-0.601 μg/m ) and the geometric mean for urinary Pt excretion was 0.212 μg/g creatinine (95%CI: 0.169-0.265 μg/g creatinine). Partial correlations identified significant positive correlations between skin exposure, respiratory exposure and urinary Pt excretion (r = 0.580 to 0.754). Skin and respiratory exposures to soluble Pt were both positively correlated with urinary Pt excretion, and both exposure routes should be considered when investigating occupational exposure to soluble Pt. [Display omitted] •This is the first study to report occupational skin exposure to soluble Pt.•This is the first study to correlate occupational skin and respiratory exposure to soluble Pt with urinary Pt excretion.•Partial correlations revealed significant positive correlations between skin and respiratory exposure and urinary Pt excretion.•Differences in work areas primarily influenced workers’ skin and respiratory exposure and their urinary Pt excretion.•Skin exposure can possibly lead to the uptake of minor concentrations of Pt and increased urinary Pt excretion. Adverse respiratory and skin health effects have been associated with occupational exposure to soluble platinum (Pt). However, the relationship between skin exposure and urinary Pt excretion has not yet been investigated. In this study we examined the relationship between skin and respiratory exposure to soluble Pt and urinary Pt excretion at two South African precious metals refineries. The skin and respiratory exposure to soluble Pt as well as the urinary Pt excretion of forty precious metals refinery workers was assessed simultaneously using Ghostwipes™, Methods for the Determination of Hazardous Substances method 46/2 and spot urine tests, respectively. The geometric mean for skin exposure to soluble Pt on four anatomical positions (palm, wrist, neck and forehead) was 0.008 μg/cm2 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.005-0.013 μg/cm2], while the geometric mean for respiratory exposure was 0.301 μg/m3 (95%CI: 0.151-0.601 μg/m3) and the geometric mean for urinary Pt excretion was 0.212 μg/g creatinine (95%CI: 0.169-0.265 μg/g creatinine). Partial correlations identified significant positive correlations between skin exposure, respiratory exposure and urinary Pt excretion (r = 0.580 to 0.754). Skin and respiratory exposures to soluble Pt were both positively correlated with urinary Pt excretion, and both exposure routes should be considered when investigating occupational exposure to soluble Pt. |
| Author | Franken, Anja Linde, Stephanus J.L. du Plessis, Johannes L. |
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| CitedBy_id | crossref_primary_10_1016_j_procir_2020_04_138 crossref_primary_10_1177_11786302241271553 crossref_primary_10_1007_s00420_020_01531_8 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_chemosphere_2024_141380 crossref_primary_10_1007_s00420_022_01921_0 crossref_primary_10_1093_annweh_wxaf019 crossref_primary_10_1007_s00420_021_01666_2 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_yrtph_2020_104693 crossref_primary_10_1093_annweh_wxaa105 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_scitotenv_2023_163099 crossref_primary_10_1093_annweh_wxaf030 crossref_primary_10_1093_annweh_wxad023 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_toxlet_2023_04_007 |
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| Keywords | MDHS 46/2 Dermal exposure Platinum body burden Urinary platinum Platinum group metals Ghostwipes |
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•This is the first study to report occupational skin exposure to soluble Pt.•This is the first study to correlate occupational skin and... Adverse respiratory and skin health effects have been associated with occupational exposure to soluble platinum (Pt). However, the relationship between skin... |
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| SubjectTerms | Adult Air Pollutants, Occupational - urine Dermal exposure Environmental Monitoring Female Ghostwipes Humans Inhalation Exposure - analysis Male MDHS 46/2 Metallurgy Middle Aged Occupational Exposure - analysis Platinum - urine Platinum body burden Platinum group metals Skin South Africa Urinary platinum Young Adult |
| Title | Urinary excretion of platinum (Pt) following skin and respiratory exposure to soluble Pt at South African precious metals refineries |
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