Responses of East Asian Climate to SST Anomalies in the Kuroshio Extension Region during Boreal Autumn

Sea surface temperature anomalies (SSTAs) in the Kuroshio Extension (KE) region play a key role in influencing midlatitude climate variations. This study investigates the impacts of SSTAs in the KE region (KE-SSTA) on East Asian climate during boreal autumn. The results reveal that positive KE-SSTA,...

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Vydané v:	Journal of climate Ročník 35; číslo 21; s. 7007 - 7023
Hlavní autori:	Geng, Yu, Ren, Hong-Li, Ma, Xueying, Zhao, Shuo, Nie, Yu
Médium:	Journal Article
Jazyk:	English
Vydavateľské údaje:	Boston American Meteorological Society 01.11.2022
Predmet:	Adiabatic Adiabatic heating Advection Agricultural production Anomalies Anticyclonic circulation Atmospheric boundary layer Atmospheric circulation Autumn Autumn climates Baroclinic mode Baroclinity Barotropic mode Boundary conditions Circulation anomalies Climate Climate prediction Climate variations Convergence and divergence Divergence Drought Heat Latitude Lower troposphere Numerical experiments Precipitation Rain Sea surface Sea surface temperature Sea surface temperature anomalies Surface temperature Temperature anomalies Temperature gradients Thermal winds Troposphere Variation Vortices Water shortages Water vapor Water vapour East Asia Pacific Ocean
ISSN:	0894-8755, 1520-0442
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Abstract	Sea surface temperature anomalies (SSTAs) in the Kuroshio Extension (KE) region play a key role in influencing midlatitude climate variations. This study investigates the impacts of SSTAs in the KE region (KE-SSTA) on East Asian climate during boreal autumn. The results reveal that positive KE-SSTA, changing the meridional temperature gradient in the lower troposphere, contributes to the formation of an anomalous quasi-barotropic anticyclonic circulation (AC) over the KE region. Such a configuration tends to be affected by wind through thermal wind adjustment. Simultaneously, it is also impacted by eddy activity related to the strengthened atmospheric baroclinicity through transient eddy feedback. By both means, obvious descending motion and warm advection are generated, which increases tropospheric temperature through adiabatic heating and further maintains the abnormal AC over the KE region. This anomalous circulation changes wind in the east of the East Asian trough, which favors the transportation of warm and wet air from the midlatitude northwest Pacific and further causes the increase of temperature in northeastern East Asia. Moreover, it also leads to the convergence and divergence of water vapor fluxes in Northeast Asia and eastern North China, favoring the increase and decrease of precipitation in the two regions, respectively. The above responsive characteristics of the midlatitude atmospheric circulation to positive KE-SSTA can be confirmed by numerical experiments. These results suggest that anomalous SST in the KE region can be used as a potentially effective predictability source for autumn climate variations in the midto high latitudes of East Asia.
AbstractList	Sea surface temperature anomalies (SSTAs) in the Kuroshio Extension (KE) region play a key role in influencing midlatitude climate variations. This study investigates the impacts of SSTAs in the KE region (KE-SSTA) on East Asian climate during boreal autumn. The results reveal that positive KE-SSTA, changing the meridional temperature gradient in the lower troposphere, contributes to the formation of an anomalous quasi-barotropic anticyclonic circulation (AC) over the KE region. Such a configuration tends to be affected by wind through thermal wind adjustment. Simultaneously, it is also impacted by eddy activity related to the strengthened atmospheric baroclinicity through transient eddy feedback. By both means, obvious descending motion and warm advection are generated, which increases tropospheric temperature through adiabatic heating and further maintains the abnormal AC over the KE region. This anomalous circulation changes wind in the east of the East Asian trough, which favors the transportation of warm and wet air from the midlatitude northwest Pacific and further causes the increase of temperature in northeastern East Asia. Moreover, it also leads to the convergence and divergence of water vapor fluxes in Northeast Asia and eastern North China, favoring the increase and decrease of precipitation in the two regions, respectively. The above responsive characteristics of the midlatitude atmospheric circulation to positive KE-SSTA can be confirmed by numerical experiments. These results suggest that anomalous SST in the KE region can be used as a potentially effective predictability source for autumn climate variations in the mid- to high latitudes of East Asia. Sea surface temperature anomalies (SSTAs) in the Kuroshio Extension (KE) region play a key role in influencing midlatitude climate variations. This study investigates the impacts of SSTAs in the KE region (KE-SSTA) on East Asian climate during boreal autumn. The results reveal that positive KE-SSTA, changing the meridional temperature gradient in the lower troposphere, contributes to the formation of an anomalous quasi-barotropic anticyclonic circulation (AC) over the KE region. Such a configuration tends to be affected by wind through thermal wind adjustment. Simultaneously, it is also impacted by eddy activity related to the strengthened atmospheric baroclinicity through transient eddy feedback. By both means, obvious descending motion and warm advection are generated, which increases tropospheric temperature through adiabatic heating and further maintains the abnormal AC over the KE region. This anomalous circulation changes wind in the east of the East Asian trough, which favors the transportation of warm and wet air from the midlatitude northwest Pacific and further causes the increase of temperature in northeastern East Asia. Moreover, it also leads to the convergence and divergence of water vapor fluxes in Northeast Asia and eastern North China, favoring the increase and decrease of precipitation in the two regions, respectively. The above responsive characteristics of the midlatitude atmospheric circulation to positive KE-SSTA can be confirmed by numerical experiments. These results suggest that anomalous SST in the KE region can be used as a potentially effective predictability source for autumn climate variations in the midto high latitudes of East Asia. Sea surface temperature anomalies (SSTAs) in the Kuroshio Extension (KE) region play a key role in influencing midlatitude climate variations. This study investigates the impacts of SSTAs in the KE region (KE-SSTA) on East Asian climate during boreal autumn. The results reveal that positive KE-SSTA, changing the meridional temperature gradient in the lower troposphere, contributes to the formation of an anomalous quasi-barotropic anticyclonic circulation (AC) over the KE region. Such a configuration tends to be affected by wind through thermal wind adjustment. Simultaneously, it is also impacted by eddy activity related to the strengthened atmospheric baroclinicity through transient eddy feedback. By both means, obvious descending motion and warm advection are generated, which increases tropospheric temperature through adiabatic heating and further maintains the abnormal AC over the KE region. This anomalous circulation changes wind in the east of the East Asian trough, which favors the transportation of warm and wet air from the midlatitude northwest Pacific and further causes the increase of temperature in northeastern East Asia. Moreover, it also leads to the convergence and divergence of water vapor fluxes in Northeast Asia and eastern North China, favoring the increase and decrease of precipitation in the two regions, respectively. The above responsive characteristics of the midlatitude atmospheric circulation to positive KE-SSTA can be confirmed by numerical experiments. These results suggest that anomalous SST in the KE region can be used as a potentially effective predictability source for autumn climate variations in the mid- to high latitudes of East Asia.Significance StatementAnomalous variations of sea surface temperature (SST) in the Kuroshio Extension (KE) region play an essential role in influencing midlatitude climate variations. Considering the importance of autumn climate in East Asia to agricultural production, this study aims to explore the relationship between the East Asian climate and autumn SST anomaly in the KE region (KE-SSTA), and to understand how KE-SSTA effects East Asian climate during boreal autumn. Our results suggest that KE-SSTA can be used as one of the effective predictors of East Asian climate, which will contribute to the improvement of short-term climate prediction levels over East Asia.
Author	Ma, Xueying Geng, Yu Ren, Hong-Li Zhao, Shuo Nie, Yu
Author_xml	– sequence: 1 givenname: Yu surname: Geng fullname: Geng, Yu – sequence: 2 givenname: Hong-Li surname: Ren fullname: Ren, Hong-Li – sequence: 3 givenname: Xueying surname: Ma fullname: Ma, Xueying – sequence: 4 givenname: Shuo surname: Zhao fullname: Zhao, Shuo – sequence: 5 givenname: Yu surname: Nie fullname: Nie, Yu
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Snippet	Sea surface temperature anomalies (SSTAs) in the Kuroshio Extension (KE) region play a key role in influencing midlatitude climate variations. This study...
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SubjectTerms	Adiabatic Adiabatic heating Advection Agricultural production Anomalies Anticyclonic circulation Atmospheric boundary layer Atmospheric circulation Autumn Autumn climates Baroclinic mode Baroclinity Barotropic mode Boundary conditions Circulation anomalies Climate Climate prediction Climate variations Convergence and divergence Divergence Drought Heat Latitude Lower troposphere Numerical experiments Precipitation Rain Sea surface Sea surface temperature Sea surface temperature anomalies Surface temperature Temperature anomalies Temperature gradients Thermal winds Troposphere Variation Vortices Water shortages Water vapor Water vapour
Title	Responses of East Asian Climate to SST Anomalies in the Kuroshio Extension Region during Boreal Autumn
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Volume	35
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