Giant Faraday rotation in single- and multilayer graphene

The rotation of polarized light in certain materials when subject to a magnetic field is known as the Faraday effect. Remarkably, just one atomic layer of graphene exhibits Faraday rotations that would only be measurable in other materials many hundreds of micrometres thick. The rotation of the pola...

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Vydáno v:	Nature physics Ročník 7; číslo 1; s. 48 - 51
Hlavní autoři:	Crassee, Iris, Levallois, Julien, Walter, Andrew L., Ostler, Markus, Bostwick, Aaron, Rotenberg, Eli, Seyller, Thomas, van der Marel, Dirk, Kuzmenko, Alexey B.
Médium:	Journal Article
Jazyk:	angličtina
Vydáno:	London Nature Publishing Group UK 01.01.2011 Nature Publishing Group
Témata:	Atomic Atomic structure Classical and Continuum Physics Complex Systems Condensed Matter Physics Crystals Cyclotron resonance Gases Graphene Infrared letter Magnetic fields Mathematical and Computational Physics Molecular Multilayers Optical and Plasma Physics Physics Physics and Astronomy Polarization Theoretical Two dimensional
ISSN:	1745-2473, 1745-2481
On-line přístup:	Získat plný text
Tagy:	Přidat tag Žádné tagy, Buďte první, kdo vytvoří štítek k tomuto záznamu!

Abstract	The rotation of polarized light in certain materials when subject to a magnetic field is known as the Faraday effect. Remarkably, just one atomic layer of graphene exhibits Faraday rotations that would only be measurable in other materials many hundreds of micrometres thick. The rotation of the polarization of light after passing a medium in a magnetic field, discovered by Faraday 1 , is an optical analogue of the Hall effect, which combines sensitivity to the carrier type with access to a broad energy range. Up to now the thinnest structures showing the Faraday rotation were several-nanometre-thick two-dimensional electron gases 2 . As the rotation angle is proportional to the distance travelled by the light, an intriguing issue is the scale of this effect in two-dimensional atomic crystals or films—the ultimately thin objects in condensed matter physics. Here we demonstrate that a single atomic layer of carbon—graphene—turns the polarization by several degrees in modest magnetic fields. Such a strong rotation is due to the resonances originating from the cyclotron effect in the classical regime and the inter-Landau-level transitions in the quantum regime. Combined with the possibility of ambipolar doping 3 , this opens pathways to use graphene in fast tunable ultrathin infrared magneto-optical devices.
AbstractList	The rotation of polarized light in certain materials when subject to a magnetic field is known as the Faraday effect. Remarkably, just one atomic layer of graphene exhibits Faraday rotations that would only be measurable in other materials many hundreds of micrometres thick. The rotation of the polarization of light after passing a medium in a magnetic field, discovered by Faraday 1 , is an optical analogue of the Hall effect, which combines sensitivity to the carrier type with access to a broad energy range. Up to now the thinnest structures showing the Faraday rotation were several-nanometre-thick two-dimensional electron gases 2 . As the rotation angle is proportional to the distance travelled by the light, an intriguing issue is the scale of this effect in two-dimensional atomic crystals or films—the ultimately thin objects in condensed matter physics. Here we demonstrate that a single atomic layer of carbon—graphene—turns the polarization by several degrees in modest magnetic fields. Such a strong rotation is due to the resonances originating from the cyclotron effect in the classical regime and the inter-Landau-level transitions in the quantum regime. Combined with the possibility of ambipolar doping 3 , this opens pathways to use graphene in fast tunable ultrathin infrared magneto-optical devices. The rotation of the polarization of light after passing a medium in a magnetic field, discovered by Faraday, is an optical analogue of the Hall effect, which combines sensitivity to the carrier type with access to a broad energy range. Up to now the thinnest structures showing the Faraday rotation were several-nanometre-thick two-dimensional electron gases. As the rotation angle is proportional to the distance travelled by the light, an intriguing issue is the scale of this effect in two-dimensional atomic crystals or films--the ultimately thin objects in condensed matter physics. Here we demonstrate that a single atomic layer of carbon--graphene--turns the polarization by several degrees in modest magnetic fields. Such a strong rotation is due to the resonances originating from the cyclotron effect in the classical regime and the inter-Landau-level transitions in the quantum regime. Combined with the possibility of ambipolar doping, this opens pathways to use graphene in fast tunable ultrathin infrared magneto-optical devices. The rotation of the polarization of light after passing a medium in a magnetic eld, discovered by Faraday, is an optical analogue of the Hall effect, which combines sensitivity to the carrier type with access to a broad energy range. Up to now the thinnest structures showing the Faraday rotation were several-nanometre-thick two-dimensional electron gases.
Author	Levallois, Julien Rotenberg, Eli Kuzmenko, Alexey B. van der Marel, Dirk Crassee, Iris Walter, Andrew L. Bostwick, Aaron Seyller, Thomas Ostler, Markus
Author_xml	– sequence: 1 givenname: Iris surname: Crassee fullname: Crassee, Iris organization: Département de Physique de la Matière Condensée, Université de Genève – sequence: 2 givenname: Julien surname: Levallois fullname: Levallois, Julien organization: Département de Physique de la Matière Condensée, Université de Genève – sequence: 3 givenname: Andrew L. surname: Walter fullname: Walter, Andrew L. organization: Department of Molecular Physics, Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, E. O. Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory, Advanced Light Source – sequence: 4 givenname: Markus surname: Ostler fullname: Ostler, Markus organization: Lehrstuhl für Technische Physik, Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg – sequence: 5 givenname: Aaron surname: Bostwick fullname: Bostwick, Aaron organization: E. O. Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory, Advanced Light Source – sequence: 6 givenname: Eli surname: Rotenberg fullname: Rotenberg, Eli organization: E. O. Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory, Advanced Light Source – sequence: 7 givenname: Thomas surname: Seyller fullname: Seyller, Thomas organization: Lehrstuhl für Technische Physik, Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg – sequence: 8 givenname: Dirk surname: van der Marel fullname: van der Marel, Dirk organization: Département de Physique de la Matière Condensée, Université de Genève – sequence: 9 givenname: Alexey B. surname: Kuzmenko fullname: Kuzmenko, Alexey B. email: Alexey.Kuzmenko@unige.ch organization: Département de Physique de la Matière Condensée, Université de Genève
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ContentType	Journal Article
Copyright	Springer Nature Limited 2010 Copyright Nature Publishing Group Jan 2011
Copyright_xml	– notice: Springer Nature Limited 2010 – notice: Copyright Nature Publishing Group Jan 2011
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Snippet	The rotation of polarized light in certain materials when subject to a magnetic field is known as the Faraday effect. Remarkably, just one atomic layer of... The rotation of the polarization of light after passing a medium in a magnetic eld, discovered by Faraday, is an optical analogue of the Hall effect, which... The rotation of the polarization of light after passing a medium in a magnetic field, discovered by Faraday, is an optical analogue of the Hall effect, which...
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SubjectTerms	Atomic Atomic structure Classical and Continuum Physics Complex Systems Condensed Matter Physics Crystals Cyclotron resonance Gases Graphene Infrared letter Magnetic fields Mathematical and Computational Physics Molecular Multilayers Optical and Plasma Physics Physics Physics and Astronomy Polarization Theoretical Two dimensional
Title	Giant Faraday rotation in single- and multilayer graphene
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