Modulation of ENSO on Fast and Slow MJO Modes during Boreal Winter

This study investigates modulation of El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) on the Madden–Julian oscillation (MJO) propagation during boreal winter. Results show that the spatiotemporal evolution of MJO manifests as a fast equatorially symmetric propagation from the Indian Ocean to the equatorial west...

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Vydáno v:Journal of climate Ročník 32; číslo 21; s. 7483 - 7506
Hlavní autoři: Wei, Yuntao, Ren, Hong-Li
Médium: Journal Article
Jazyk:angličtina
Vydáno: Boston American Meteorological Society 01.11.2019
Témata:
Advection
Convection
Easterlies
El Nino
El Nino phenomena
El Nino-Southern Oscillation event
Equatorial regions
Equatorial waves
Feedback
General circulation models
Gradients
Group velocity
High temperature effects
Kelvin waves
La Nina
Madden-Julian oscillation
Modulation
Moisture
Moisture budget
Planetary waves
Precipitation
Propagation
Rossby waves
Sea surface
Sea surface temperature
Sea surface temperature anomalies
Southern Oscillation
Surface temperature
Temperature anomalies
Wave propagation
Wind
Winter
ISSN:0894-8755, 1520-0442
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Abstract This study investigates modulation of El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) on the Madden–Julian oscillation (MJO) propagation during boreal winter. Results show that the spatiotemporal evolution of MJO manifests as a fast equatorially symmetric propagation from the Indian Ocean to the equatorial western Pacific (EWP) during El Niño, whereas the MJO during La Niña is very slow and tends to frequently “detour” via the southern Maritime Continent (MC). The westward group velocity of the MJO is also more significant during El Niño. Based on the dynamics-oriented diagnostics, it is found that, during El Niño, the much stronger leading suppressed convection over the EWP excites a significant front Walker cell, which further triggers a larger Kelvin wave easterly wind anomaly and premoistening and heating effects to the east. However, the equatorial Rossby wave to the west tends to decouple with the MJO convection. Both effects can result in fast MJO propagation. The opposite holds during La Niña. A column-integrated moisture budget analysis reveals that the sea surface temperature anomaly driving both the eastward and equatorward gradients of the low-frequency moisture anomaly during El Niño, as opposed to the westward and poleward gradients during La Niña, induces moist advection over the equatorial eastern MC–EWP region due to the intraseasonal wind anomaly and therefore enhances the zonal asymmetry of the moisture tendency, supporting fast propagation. The role of nonlinear advection by synoptic-scale Kelvin waves is also nonnegligible in distinguishing fast and slow MJO modes. This study emphasizes the crucial roles of dynamical wave feedback and moisture–convection feedback in modulating the MJO propagation by ENSO.
AbstractList This study investigates modulation of El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) on the Madden–Julian oscillation (MJO) propagation during boreal winter. Results show that the spatiotemporal evolution of MJO manifests as a fast equatorially symmetric propagation from the Indian Ocean to the equatorial western Pacific (EWP) during El Niño, whereas the MJO during La Niña is very slow and tends to frequently “detour” via the southern Maritime Continent (MC). The westward group velocity of the MJO is also more significant during El Niño. Based on the dynamics-oriented diagnostics, it is found that, during El Niño, the much stronger leading suppressed convection over the EWP excites a significant front Walker cell, which further triggers a larger Kelvin wave easterly wind anomaly and premoistening and heating effects to the east. However, the equatorial Rossby wave to the west tends to decouple with the MJO convection. Both effects can result in fast MJO propagation. The opposite holds during La Niña. A column-integrated moisture budget analysis reveals that the sea surface temperature anomaly driving both the eastward and equatorward gradients of the low-frequency moisture anomaly during El Niño, as opposed to the westward and poleward gradients during La Niña, induces moist advection over the equatorial eastern MC–EWP region due to the intraseasonal wind anomaly and therefore enhances the zonal asymmetry of the moisture tendency, supporting fast propagation. The role of nonlinear advection by synoptic-scale Kelvin waves is also nonnegligible in distinguishing fast and slow MJO modes. This study emphasizes the crucial roles of dynamical wave feedback and moisture–convection feedback in modulating the MJO propagation by ENSO.
Author Wei, Yuntao
Ren, Hong-Li
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Snippet This study investigates modulation of El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) on the Madden–Julian oscillation (MJO) propagation during boreal winter. Results show...
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SubjectTerms Advection
Convection
Easterlies
El Nino
El Nino phenomena
El Nino-Southern Oscillation event
Equatorial regions
Equatorial waves
Feedback
General circulation models
Gradients
Group velocity
High temperature effects
Kelvin waves
La Nina
Madden-Julian oscillation
Modulation
Moisture
Moisture budget
Planetary waves
Precipitation
Propagation
Rossby waves
Sea surface
Sea surface temperature
Sea surface temperature anomalies
Southern Oscillation
Surface temperature
Temperature anomalies
Wave propagation
Wind
Winter
Title Modulation of ENSO on Fast and Slow MJO Modes during Boreal Winter
URI https://www.jstor.org/stable/26831775
https://www.proquest.com/docview/2511374926
Volume 32
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