A Component-Based Localization Algorithm for Sparse 3-D Wireless Sensor Networks

Node localization is one of the most essential features of wireless sensor networks (WSNs). Vavarious localization algorithms exist for densely deployed 3-D wireless sensor networks. However, for a sparse 3-D network, range-based localization is still a challenging task because it is difficult to fi...

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Veröffentlicht in:	IEEE access Jg. 12; S. 51904 - 51918
Hauptverfasser:	Islam, Mazhar, Ikram, Muhammad, Alhussein, Musaed, Ayub, Muhammad Sohaib, Khan, Muhammad Asad, Aurangzeb, Khursheed
Format:	Journal Article
Sprache:	Englisch
Veröffentlicht:	Piscataway IEEE 2024 The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE)
Schlagworte:	3-D localization Algorithm design and analysis Algorithms component-based localization Hardware Internet of Things Localization Localization method Location awareness Merging Nodes patch and stitching localization Sensors Task analysis Three-dimensional displays Wireless communication Wireless sensor network Wireless sensor networks
ISSN:	2169-3536, 2169-3536
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Abstract	Node localization is one of the most essential features of wireless sensor networks (WSNs). Vavarious localization algorithms exist for densely deployed 3-D wireless sensor networks. However, for a sparse 3-D network, range-based localization is still a challenging task because it is difficult to find sufficient anchor nodes and distance information among nodes in a sparse 3-D network. To mitigate the sparseness issues in 3-D sensor networks, we present a component-based localization method in this paper in which we split the entire network into small overlapping sub-networks called components and assign local coordinates to each component. Then, we merge these small components to make a globally coordinated system. With a meager anchor ratio, we localize the whole network. We define merging conditions according to the number of common nodes, actual measured distances among nodes, and the calculated distance based on the local coordinates of the nodes. We assess how well our proposed algorithm performs by conducting extensive simulations. The outcomes confirm that the proposed algorithm works comparatively better in a sparse 3-D sensor network than in a densely deployed 3-D sensor network. Our algorithm localizes more than 83% of nodes at a node degree of 10 having 5% anchor ratio; however, other algorithms localize only 18%-79% in the same scenario.
AbstractList	Node localization is one of the most essential features of wireless sensor networks (WSNs). Vavarious localization algorithms exist for densely deployed 3-D wireless sensor networks. However, for a sparse 3-D network, range-based localization is still a challenging task because it is difficult to find sufficient anchor nodes and distance information among nodes in a sparse 3-D network. To mitigate the sparseness issues in 3-D sensor networks, we present a component-based localization method in this paper in which we split the entire network into small overlapping sub-networks called components and assign local coordinates to each component. Then, we merge these small components to make a globally coordinated system. With a meager anchor ratio, we localize the whole network. We define merging conditions according to the number of common nodes, actual measured distances among nodes, and the calculated distance based on the local coordinates of the nodes. We assess how well our proposed algorithm performs by conducting extensive simulations. The outcomes confirm that the proposed algorithm works comparatively better in a sparse 3-D sensor network than in a densely deployed 3-D sensor network. Our algorithm localizes more than 83% of nodes at a node degree of 10 having 5% anchor ratio; however, other algorithms localize only 18%-79% in the same scenario.
Author	Aurangzeb, Khursheed Islam, Mazhar Ikram, Muhammad Khan, Muhammad Asad Ayub, Muhammad Sohaib Alhussein, Musaed
Author_xml	– sequence: 1 givenname: Mazhar orcidid: 0000-0002-6212-3773 surname: Islam fullname: Islam, Mazhar email: islammazhar2023@email.szu.edu.cn organization: College of Electronics and Information Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China – sequence: 2 givenname: Muhammad surname: Ikram fullname: Ikram, Muhammad organization: Huawei Pakistan, Islamabad, Pakistan – sequence: 3 givenname: Musaed orcidid: 0000-0002-5538-6778 surname: Alhussein fullname: Alhussein, Musaed organization: Department of Computer Engineering, College of Computer and Information Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia – sequence: 4 givenname: Muhammad Sohaib orcidid: 0000-0001-9206-1545 surname: Ayub fullname: Ayub, Muhammad Sohaib organization: Department of Computer Science, School of Science and Engineering, Lahore University of Management Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan – sequence: 5 givenname: Muhammad Asad orcidid: 0000-0001-7963-6615 surname: Khan fullname: Khan, Muhammad Asad organization: Department of Telecommunication, Hazara University Mansehra, Mansehra, Pakistan – sequence: 6 givenname: Khursheed orcidid: 0000-0003-3647-8578 surname: Aurangzeb fullname: Aurangzeb, Khursheed organization: Department of Computer Engineering, College of Computer and Information Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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SubjectTerms	3-D localization Algorithm design and analysis Algorithms component-based localization Hardware Internet of Things Localization Localization method Location awareness Merging Nodes patch and stitching localization Sensors Task analysis Three-dimensional displays Wireless communication Wireless sensor network Wireless sensor networks
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Title	A Component-Based Localization Algorithm for Sparse 3-D Wireless Sensor Networks
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