An open framework for translating portable applications into operating system-specific wireless sensor networks applications

SUMMARY Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are distributed systems integrated by tiny devices, called sensor nodes, with capabilities to monitor the environment and forward their measurements to a special node, the sink, where the results can be collected and further processed. The trend in WSN is movi...

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Published in:	Software, practice & experience Vol. 43; no. 3; pp. 333 - 357
Main Authors:	Escolar, Soledad, Carretero, Jesús
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	Chichester, UK John Wiley & Sons, Ltd 01.03.2013 Wiley Subscription Services, Inc
Subjects:	efficient applications programming Footprints Networks Operating systems Portability Programming programming abstractions Remote sensors Sensors Wireless networks wireless sensor networks
ISSN:	0038-0644, 1097-024X
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Abstract	SUMMARY Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are distributed systems integrated by tiny devices, called sensor nodes, with capabilities to monitor the environment and forward their measurements to a special node, the sink, where the results can be collected and further processed. The trend in WSN is moving towards heterogeneous networks that will contain different sensor nodes running different instances of custom operating systems. Given the growing demand of new hardware platforms and operating systems specifically designed for sensor nodes, the applications programming for sensor nodes is becoming a challenging process that needs to be alleviated. Currently, application programming for sensor nodes is a complex, ad hoc, and error‐prone process where the portability among different platforms has been sacrificed. In this paper, we propose an open framework aimed to achieve application portability in heterogeneous sensor networks. Our approach provides the programming ions needed to support the application development process for sensor nodes. We have implemented an open framework that provides a set of tools on top of the most popular WSN operating systems to translate portable applications to the native operating system in an automatic, simple, and transparent way for developers. We have also evaluated the applications thus generated in terms of productivity and overhead, by comparing their footprint to those originally developed in each specific operating system. The results show that the overhead is minimal—4% in the worst case—and in some cases, it was even possible to reduce the footprint by using code optimizations. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
AbstractList	SUMMARY Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are distributed systems integrated by tiny devices, called sensor nodes, with capabilities to monitor the environment and forward their measurements to a special node, the sink, where the results can be collected and further processed. The trend in WSN is moving towards heterogeneous networks that will contain different sensor nodes running different instances of custom operating systems. Given the growing demand of new hardware platforms and operating systems specifically designed for sensor nodes, the applications programming for sensor nodes is becoming a challenging process that needs to be alleviated. Currently, application programming for sensor nodes is a complex, ad hoc, and error-prone process where the portability among different platforms has been sacrificed. In this paper, we propose an open framework aimed to achieve application portability in heterogeneous sensor networks. Our approach provides the programming abstractions needed to support the application development process for sensor nodes. We have implemented an open framework that provides a set of tools on top of the most popular WSN operating systems to translate portable applications to the native operating system in an automatic, simple, and transparent way for developers. We have also evaluated the applications thus generated in terms of productivity and overhead, by comparing their footprint to those originally developed in each specific operating system. The results show that the overhead is minimal-4% in the worst case-and in some cases, it was even possible to reduce the footprint by using code optimizations. Copyright [copy 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. SUMMARY Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are distributed systems integrated by tiny devices, called sensor nodes, with capabilities to monitor the environment and forward their measurements to a special node, the sink, where the results can be collected and further processed. The trend in WSN is moving towards heterogeneous networks that will contain different sensor nodes running different instances of custom operating systems. Given the growing demand of new hardware platforms and operating systems specifically designed for sensor nodes, the applications programming for sensor nodes is becoming a challenging process that needs to be alleviated. Currently, application programming for sensor nodes is a complex, ad hoc, and error-prone process where the portability among different platforms has been sacrificed. In this paper, we propose an open framework aimed to achieve application portability in heterogeneous sensor networks. Our approach provides the programming abstractions needed to support the application development process for sensor nodes. We have implemented an open framework that provides a set of tools on top of the most popular WSN operating systems to translate portable applications to the native operating system in an automatic, simple, and transparent way for developers. We have also evaluated the applications thus generated in terms of productivity and overhead, by comparing their footprint to those originally developed in each specific operating system. The results show that the overhead is minimal--4% in the worst case--and in some cases, it was even possible to reduce the footprint by using code optimizations. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [PUBLICATION ABSTRACT] SUMMARY Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are distributed systems integrated by tiny devices, called sensor nodes, with capabilities to monitor the environment and forward their measurements to a special node, the sink, where the results can be collected and further processed. The trend in WSN is moving towards heterogeneous networks that will contain different sensor nodes running different instances of custom operating systems. Given the growing demand of new hardware platforms and operating systems specifically designed for sensor nodes, the applications programming for sensor nodes is becoming a challenging process that needs to be alleviated. Currently, application programming for sensor nodes is a complex, ad hoc, and error‐prone process where the portability among different platforms has been sacrificed. In this paper, we propose an open framework aimed to achieve application portability in heterogeneous sensor networks. Our approach provides the programming ions needed to support the application development process for sensor nodes. We have implemented an open framework that provides a set of tools on top of the most popular WSN operating systems to translate portable applications to the native operating system in an automatic, simple, and transparent way for developers. We have also evaluated the applications thus generated in terms of productivity and overhead, by comparing their footprint to those originally developed in each specific operating system. The results show that the overhead is minimal—4% in the worst case—and in some cases, it was even possible to reduce the footprint by using code optimizations. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are distributed systems integrated by tiny devices, called sensor nodes, with capabilities to monitor the environment and forward their measurements to a special node, the sink, where the results can be collected and further processed. The trend in WSN is moving towards heterogeneous networks that will contain different sensor nodes running different instances of custom operating systems. Given the growing demand of new hardware platforms and operating systems specifically designed for sensor nodes, the applications programming for sensor nodes is becoming a challenging process that needs to be alleviated. Currently, application programming for sensor nodes is a complex, ad hoc, and error‐prone process where the portability among different platforms has been sacrificed. In this paper, we propose an open framework aimed to achieve application portability in heterogeneous sensor networks. Our approach provides the programming abstractions needed to support the application development process for sensor nodes. We have implemented an open framework that provides a set of tools on top of the most popular WSN operating systems to translate portable applications to the native operating system in an automatic, simple, and transparent way for developers. We have also evaluated the applications thus generated in terms of productivity and overhead, by comparing their footprint to those originally developed in each specific operating system. The results show that the overhead is minimal—4% in the worst case—and in some cases, it was even possible to reduce the footprint by using code optimizations. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Author	Carretero, Jesús Escolar, Soledad
Author_xml	– sequence: 1 givenname: Soledad surname: Escolar fullname: Escolar, Soledad email: Correspondence to: Soledad Escolar, Computer Science Department, University Carlos III of Madrid, Avda. de la Universidad 30, 28911 Leganés, Madrid, Spain., mariasoledad.escolar@uc3m.es organization: Computer Science Department, University Carlos III of Madrid, Avda. de la Universidad 30, Leganés, 28911, Madrid, Spain – sequence: 2 givenname: Jesús surname: Carretero fullname: Carretero, Jesús organization: Computer Science Department, University Carlos III of Madrid, Avda. de la Universidad 30, Leganés, 28911, Madrid, Spain
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DOI: http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1061318.1061322. – volume: 4 start-page: 1 issue: 2 year: 2008 end-page: 29 article-title: Programming models for sensor networks: a survey publication-title: ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks – start-page: 200 year: 2004 end-page: 209 – start-page: 455 year: 2004 end-page: 462 – start-page: 29 year: 2006 end-page: 42 – volume: 41 start-page: 237 issue: 3 year: 2011 end-page: 265 article-title: Spine: a domain‐specific framework for rapid prototyping of WBSN applications publication-title: Software: Practice and Experience – year: 2005 – volume: 30 start-page: 122 issue: 1 year: 2003 end-page: 173 article-title: TinyDB: an acquisitional query processing system for sensor networks publication-title: ACM Transactions on Database Systems (TODS) ‐ Special Issue: SIGMOD/PODS – year: 2002 – year: 2008 – year: 2007 – year: 2006 – year: 2003 – year: 1996 – year: 2000 – volume: 11 start-page: 54 issue: 6 year: 2004 end-page: 61 article-title: The design space of wireless sensor networks publication-title: IEEE Wireless Communications – volume: 40 start-page: 431 issue: 5 year: 2010 end-page: 451 article-title: Mad‐wise: a distributed stream management system for wireless sensor networks publication-title: Software: Practice and Experience – volume: 10 start-page: 563 issue: 4 year: 2005 end-page: 579 article-title: MANTIS OS: an embedded multithreaded operating system for wireless micro sensor platforms publication-title: MONET – start-page: 742 year: 2010 end-page: 748 – volume: 6 start-page: 59 issue: 4 year: 2002 end-page: 61 article-title: Middleware challenges for wireless sensor networks publication-title: ACM SIGMOBILE Mobile Computing and Communications Review – start-page: 313 year: 2009 end-page: 324 – ident: e_1_2_10_2_1 doi: 10.1109/MWC.2004.1368897 – ident: e_1_2_10_17_1 doi: 10.1145/1340771.1340774 – ident: e_1_2_10_5_1 – ident: e_1_2_10_18_1 doi: 10.1145/643550.643556 – ident: e_1_2_10_6_1 doi: 10.1109/LCN.2004.38 – ident: e_1_2_10_4_1 doi: 10.1002/9780470289303 – volume-title: The Authoritative Dictionary of IEEE Standards Terms year: 2000 ident: e_1_2_10_22_1 – volume-title: 1996 (ISO/IEC) [IEEE/ANSI Std 1003.1, 1996 Edition] Information Technology—Portable Operating System Interface (POSIX®;)—Part 1: System Application: Program Interface (API) [C Language] year: 1996 ident: e_1_2_10_16_1 – volume-title: Software Cost Estimation with Cocomo II year: 2000 ident: e_1_2_10_26_1 – ident: e_1_2_10_19_1 – ident: e_1_2_10_20_1 doi: 10.1002/spe.965 – volume: 10 start-page: 563 issue: 4 year: 2005 ident: e_1_2_10_8_1 article-title: MANTIS OS: an embedded multithreaded operating system for wireless micro sensor platforms publication-title: MONET – ident: e_1_2_10_15_1 doi: 10.1145/1774088.1774243 – ident: e_1_2_10_24_1 doi: 10.1109/SIES.2007.4297362 – ident: e_1_2_10_9_1 – ident: e_1_2_10_23_1 doi: 10.1109/IES.2006.357466 – ident: e_1_2_10_13_1 doi: 10.1002/spe.998 – ident: e_1_2_10_21_1 doi: 10.1145/1061318.1061322 – ident: e_1_2_10_12_1 – ident: e_1_2_10_11_1 doi: 10.1007/3-540-45440-3_14 – ident: e_1_2_10_14_1 – ident: e_1_2_10_10_1 doi: 10.1145/1031495.1031505 – start-page: 313 volume-title: Ipsn '09: Proceedings of the 2009 international conference on information processing in sensor networks year: 2009 ident: e_1_2_10_25_1 – ident: e_1_2_10_7_1 doi: 10.1145/1182807.1182811 – ident: e_1_2_10_3_1
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Snippet	SUMMARY Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are distributed systems integrated by tiny devices, called sensor nodes, with capabilities to monitor the environment... Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are distributed systems integrated by tiny devices, called sensor nodes, with capabilities to monitor the environment and... SUMMARY Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are distributed systems integrated by tiny devices, called sensor nodes, with capabilities to monitor the environment...
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SubjectTerms	efficient applications programming Footprints Networks Operating systems Portability Programming programming abstractions Remote sensors Sensors Wireless networks wireless sensor networks
Title	An open framework for translating portable applications into operating system-specific wireless sensor networks applications
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