A Modified ALOS Method of Path Tracking for AUVs with Reinforcement Learning Accelerated by Dynamic Data-Driven AUV Model

Path tracking has a significant impact on the success of long-term autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV) missions in terms of safety, energy-saving, and efficiency. However, it is a challenging problem due to the model uncertainty, and ocean current disturbance. Moreover, the widely used line of sight...

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Vydané v:	Journal of intelligent & robotic systems Ročník 104; číslo 3; s. 49
Hlavní autori:	Wang, Dianrui, He, Bo, Shen, Yue, Li, Guangliang, Chen, Guanzhong
Médium:	Journal Article
Jazyk:	English
Vydavateľské údaje:	Dordrecht Springer Netherlands 01.03.2022 Springer Springer Nature B.V
Predmet:	Algorithms Analysis Artificial Intelligence Autonomous underwater vehicles Control Distance learning Dynamic models Electrical Engineering Energy conservation Engineering Error analysis Line of sight Machine learning Mechanical Engineering Mechatronics Methods Neural networks Ocean currents Path tracking Performance enhancement Remote submersibles Robotics Short Paper Topical collection on Unmanned Systems Tracking errors Path tracking Line-of-sight (LOS) Data-driven (DD) Deterministic policy gradient (DPG) Autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV) Reinforcement learning (RL) Long short-term memory (LSTM)
ISSN:	0921-0296, 1573-0409
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Abstract	Path tracking has a significant impact on the success of long-term autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV) missions in terms of safety, energy-saving, and efficiency. However, it is a challenging problem due to the model uncertainty, and ocean current disturbance. Moreover, the widely used line of sight (LOS) algorithm with fixed lookahead distance does not perform well because it requires an urgent need for the automatic adjustment of the parameter. Considering the above, this study proposes an adaptive line-of-sight (ALOS) guidance method with reinforcement learning (RL) based on the dynamic data-driven AUV model (DDDAM). Firstly, we introduced a detailed AUV dynamic model mainly including the models with and without current influence. Next, we conducted a detailed analysis of the path tracking error dynamics and the factors influencing the tracking performance based on the model proposed above. We then used the DDDAM (using long short-term memory (LSTM) neural network) to pre-train the RL framework to generate more samples for online learning in order to speed up the learning process. Finally, the deterministic policy gradient (DPG) based RL was designed to optimize the continuously varying lookahead distance considering the previously analyzed factors. Collectively, this paper presents simulation cases and an evaluation of the algorithm. Our results indicate that the proposed method significantly improves the performance of path tracking with effectiveness and robustness.
AbstractList	Path tracking has a significant impact on the success of long-term autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV) missions in terms of safety, energy-saving, and efficiency. However, it is a challenging problem due to the model uncertainty, and ocean current disturbance. Moreover, the widely used line of sight (LOS) algorithm with fixed lookahead distance does not perform well because it requires an urgent need for the automatic adjustment of the parameter. Considering the above, this study proposes an adaptive line-of-sight (ALOS) guidance method with reinforcement learning (RL) based on the dynamic data-driven AUV model (DDDAM). Firstly, we introduced a detailed AUV dynamic model mainly including the models with and without current influence. Next, we conducted a detailed analysis of the path tracking error dynamics and the factors influencing the tracking performance based on the model proposed above. We then used the DDDAM (using long short-term memory (LSTM) neural network) to pre-train the RL framework to generate more samples for online learning in order to speed up the learning process. Finally, the deterministic policy gradient (DPG) based RL was designed to optimize the continuously varying lookahead distance considering the previously analyzed factors. Collectively, this paper presents simulation cases and an evaluation of the algorithm. Our results indicate that the proposed method significantly improves the performance of path tracking with effectiveness and robustness. Path tracking has a significant impact on the success of long-term autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV) missions in terms of safety, energy-saving, and efficiency. However, it is a challenging problem due to the model uncertainty, and ocean current disturbance. Moreover, the widely used line of sight (LOS) algorithm with fixed lookahead distance does not perform well because it requires an urgent need for the automatic adjustment of the parameter. Considering the above, this study proposes an adaptive line-of-sight (ALOS) guidance method with reinforcement learning (RL) based on the dynamic data-driven AUV model (DDDAM). Firstly, we introduced a detailed AUV dynamic model mainly including the models with and without current influence. Next, we conducted a detailed analysis of the path tracking error dynamics and the factors influencing the tracking performance based on the model proposed above. We then used the DDDAM (using long short-term memory (LSTM) neural network) to pre-train the RL framework to generate more samples for online learning in order to speed up the learning process. Finally, the deterministic policy gradient (DPG) based RL was designed to optimize the continuously varying lookahead distance considering the previously analyzed factors. Collectively, this paper presents simulation cases and an evaluation of the algorithm. Our results indicate that the proposed method significantly improves the performance of path tracking with effectiveness and robustness. Keywords Autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV) * Path tracking * Line-of-sight (LOS) * Reinforcement learning (RL) ? Deterministic policy gradient (DPG) * Data-driven (DD) * Long short-term memory (LSTM)
ArticleNumber	49
Audience	Academic
Author	Chen, Guanzhong Wang, Dianrui Li, Guangliang He, Bo Shen, Yue
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Keywords	Path tracking Line-of-sight (LOS) Data-driven (DD) Deterministic policy gradient (DPG) Autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV) Reinforcement learning (RL) Long short-term memory (LSTM)
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SubjectTerms	Algorithms Analysis Artificial Intelligence Autonomous underwater vehicles Control Distance learning Dynamic models Electrical Engineering Energy conservation Engineering Error analysis Line of sight Machine learning Mechanical Engineering Mechatronics Methods Neural networks Ocean currents Path tracking Performance enhancement Remote submersibles Robotics Short Paper Topical collection on Unmanned Systems Tracking errors
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Title	A Modified ALOS Method of Path Tracking for AUVs with Reinforcement Learning Accelerated by Dynamic Data-Driven AUV Model
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