Murine Submucosal Glands Are Clonally Derived and Show a Cystic Fibrosis Gene-Dependent Distribution Pattern
Submucosal glands (SMGs) are the major site of expression of the cystic fibrosis (CF) transmembrane conductance regulator gene (CFTR) in the human lung. As such, SMGs may be a critical component of CF lung disease pathogenesis and an important target for gene therapy. Gene-targeted mouse models exis...
Saved in:
| Published in: | American journal of respiratory cell and molecular biology Vol. 20; no. 6; pp. 1181 - 1189 |
|---|---|
| Main Authors: | , , , , , |
| Format: | Journal Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
United States
Am Thoracic Soc
01.06.1999
American Thoracic Society |
| Subjects: | |
| ISSN: | 1044-1549, 1535-4989 |
| Online Access: | Get full text |
| Tags: |
Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
|
| Abstract | Submucosal glands (SMGs) are the major site of expression of the cystic fibrosis (CF) transmembrane conductance regulator gene (CFTR) in the human lung. As such, SMGs may be a critical component of CF lung disease pathogenesis and an important target for gene therapy. Gene-targeted mouse models exist for CF and these are used to validate gene therapy or other interventions and to dissect CF phenotypes. It is important, therefore, to compare human and mouse SMGs. We show that SMGs in the mouse are similar in structure, cell types, and Cftr expression to those in the human. Murine SMGs were found to be present in the proximal regions of the trachea at the same density as in humans but, unlike in humans, did not extend below the trachea. Upon investigation of homozygous Cftr tm1HGU and Cftr tm1G551D mutant mice, SMGs were found to extend more distally than those in wild-type control mice (P < 0.05). To investigate the development of SMGs we generated aggregation chimeric mice. Chimeric offspring contained a contribution of transgenic cells that were detectable either by DNA in situ hybridization (reiterated beta-globin transgene TgN[Hbb-bl]83Clo) or beta-galactosidase histochemistry (Lac Z reporter gene TgR[ROSA26]- 26Sor). Analysis of the distribution of transgenic cells in chimeric SMGs suggests that SMGs are clonally derived. |
|---|---|
| AbstractList | Submucosal glands (SMGs) are the major site of expression of the cystic fibrosis (CF) transmembrane conductance regulator gene (CFTR) in the human lung. As such, SMGs may be a critical component of CF lung disease pathogenesis and an important target for gene therapy. Gene-targeted mouse models exist for CF and these are used to validate gene therapy or other interventions and to dissect CF phenotypes. It is important, therefore, to compare human and mouse SMGs. We show that SMGs in the mouse are similar in structure, cell types, and Cftr expression to those in the human. Murine SMGs were found to be present in the proximal regions of the trachea at the same density as in humans but, unlike in humans, did not extend below the trachea. Upon investigation of homozygous Cftr tm1HGU and Cftr tm1G551D mutant mice, SMGs were found to extend more distally than those in wild-type control mice (P < 0.05). To investigate the development of SMGs we generated aggregation chimeric mice. Chimeric offspring contained a contribution of transgenic cells that were detectable either by DNA in situ hybridization (reiterated beta-globin transgene TgN[Hbb-bl]83Clo) or beta-galactosidase histochemistry (Lac Z reporter gene TgR[ROSA26]- 26Sor). Analysis of the distribution of transgenic cells in chimeric SMGs suggests that SMGs are clonally derived.Submucosal glands (SMGs) are the major site of expression of the cystic fibrosis (CF) transmembrane conductance regulator gene (CFTR) in the human lung. As such, SMGs may be a critical component of CF lung disease pathogenesis and an important target for gene therapy. Gene-targeted mouse models exist for CF and these are used to validate gene therapy or other interventions and to dissect CF phenotypes. It is important, therefore, to compare human and mouse SMGs. We show that SMGs in the mouse are similar in structure, cell types, and Cftr expression to those in the human. Murine SMGs were found to be present in the proximal regions of the trachea at the same density as in humans but, unlike in humans, did not extend below the trachea. Upon investigation of homozygous Cftr tm1HGU and Cftr tm1G551D mutant mice, SMGs were found to extend more distally than those in wild-type control mice (P < 0.05). To investigate the development of SMGs we generated aggregation chimeric mice. Chimeric offspring contained a contribution of transgenic cells that were detectable either by DNA in situ hybridization (reiterated beta-globin transgene TgN[Hbb-bl]83Clo) or beta-galactosidase histochemistry (Lac Z reporter gene TgR[ROSA26]- 26Sor). Analysis of the distribution of transgenic cells in chimeric SMGs suggests that SMGs are clonally derived. Submucosal glands (SMGs) are the major site of expression of the cystic fibrosis (CF) transmembrane conductance regulator gene (CFTR) in the human lung. As such, SMGs may be a critical component of CF lung disease pathogenesis and an important target for gene therapy. Gene-targeted mouse models exist for CF and these are used to validate gene therapy or other interventions and to dissect CF phenotypes. It is important, therefore, to compare human and mouse SMGs. We show that SMGs in the mouse are similar in structure, cell types, and Cftr expression to those in the human. Murine SMGs were found to be present in the proximal regions of the trachea at the same density as in humans but, unlike in humans, did not extend below the trachea. Upon investigation of homozygous Cftr tm1HGU and Cftr tm1G551D mutant mice, SMGs were found to extend more distally than those in wild-type control mice (P < 0.05). To investigate the development of SMGs we generated aggregation chimeric mice. Chimeric offspring contained a contribution of transgenic cells that were detectable either by DNA in situ hybridization (reiterated beta-globin transgene TgN[Hbb-bl]83Clo) or beta-galactosidase histochemistry (Lac Z reporter gene TgR[ROSA26]- 26Sor). Analysis of the distribution of transgenic cells in chimeric SMGs suggests that SMGs are clonally derived. |
| Author | Flockhart, Jean H Innes, Brendan A Borthwick, Duncan W West, John D Dorin, Julia R Keighren, Margaret A |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 fullname: Borthwick, Duncan W – sequence: 2 fullname: West, John D – sequence: 3 fullname: Keighren, Margaret A – sequence: 4 fullname: Flockhart, Jean H – sequence: 5 fullname: Innes, Brendan A – sequence: 6 fullname: Dorin, Julia R |
| BackLink | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10340937$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed |
| BookMark | eNp9kc1vEzEQxS1URD_gzglZHJA4bLDXXnt9rBKaIhWBVDhbXu-YONr1BtvbKv89ThMk1AOnGWl-bzTz3iU6C1MAhN5SsqBUNJ_MNtqxW9RkIRaMy-YFuqANayquWnVWesJ5RRuuztFlSltCaN1S-gqdU8I4UUxeoOHrHH0AfD9342ynZAa8HkzoE76OgJfDFMww7PEKon-AHpcJvt9Mj9jg5T5lb_GN7-KUfMJrCFCtYAehh5DxyqccfTdnPwX83eQMMbxGL50ZErw51Sv08-bzj-Vtdfdt_WV5fVdZ1ohcgXCKdaUHZdq2ltZIJlumZN-IljnXEC57AZbVSqheOFa7mhnXS9tBb41jV-jDce8uTr9nSFmPPlkYymMwzUkLJaVklBfw_TNwO82xvJx0TaTgnBJaoHcnqHgEvd5FP5q4139NLAA5ArY4kSK4fxB9yEkfcyo7tdCHnIpEPJNYn83BqxyNH_4n_HgUbvyvzaOPoNNYEiqn0RP8xFLaUvYHDrmn2Q |
| CODEN | AJRBEL |
| CitedBy_id | crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jcf_2004_05_039 crossref_primary_10_1002_dvdy_24250 crossref_primary_10_1002_path_2876 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_mucimm_2025_04_001 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_stem_2018_03_018 crossref_primary_10_1002_jemt_20217 crossref_primary_10_1002_path_2473 crossref_primary_10_1007_s00441_016_2566_8 crossref_primary_10_1146_annurev_physiol_041520_092904 crossref_primary_10_1186_1465_9921_10_26 crossref_primary_10_1002_ar_21056 crossref_primary_10_1113_jphysiol_2006_123653 crossref_primary_10_1113_jphysiol_2003_052779 crossref_primary_10_1002_dvdy_20461 crossref_primary_10_1016_S1569_1993_11_60017_9 crossref_primary_10_1242_dev_163485 crossref_primary_10_7554_eLife_59653 crossref_primary_10_1113_jphysiol_2008_150763 crossref_primary_10_3390_v4102359 crossref_primary_10_1165_rcmb_2012_0530OC crossref_primary_10_1016_j_autneu_2009_12_002 crossref_primary_10_1186_1465_9921_7_145 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_resp_2007_06_017 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_ydbio_2019_03_017 crossref_primary_10_3389_fphar_2018_01475 crossref_primary_10_1165_rcmb_2006_0184TR crossref_primary_10_1258_la_2007_06014e crossref_primary_10_1006_mthe_2001_0412 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_ydbio_2016_08_030 crossref_primary_10_1042_BST20170455 crossref_primary_10_1111_jcmm_15568 crossref_primary_10_1165_ajrcmb_24_6_4217 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_pupt_2011_02_001 crossref_primary_10_3390_ijms231810232 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_devcel_2021_11_007 crossref_primary_10_1242_jcs_02375 crossref_primary_10_1016_S0168_9525_01_02452_0 crossref_primary_10_1152_physrev_00039_2014 |
| Cites_doi | 10.1152/ajpcell.1997.272.3.C853 10.1017/S0016672300032195 10.1530/jrf.0.0660161 10.1146/annurev.ph.52.030190.000525 10.1002/j.1460-2075.1996.tb00432.x 10.1165/ajrcmb.15.1.8679216 10.1128/MCB.3.10.1803 10.1038/ng0495-351 10.1038/359211a0 10.1007/BF00369314 10.1242/dev.121.7.2031 10.1007/BF00161042 10.1126/science.257.5073.1083 10.1073/pnas.88.24.11192 10.1136/thx.24.6.729 10.1007/BF02977034 10.1038/ng1192-240 10.1016/S0007-0971(61)80002-8 10.1111/apm.1966.68.1.1 10.1172/JCI119861 |
| ContentType | Journal Article |
| Copyright | Copyright American Lung Association Jun 1999 |
| Copyright_xml | – notice: Copyright American Lung Association Jun 1999 |
| DBID | AAYXX CITATION CGR CUY CVF ECM EIF NPM 3V. 7X7 7XB 88A 88E 88I 8AF 8AO 8FE 8FH 8FI 8FJ 8FK ABUWG AFKRA AZQEC BBNVY BENPR BHPHI CCPQU DWQXO FYUFA GHDGH GNUQQ HCIFZ K9. LK8 M0S M1P M2P M7P PHGZM PHGZT PJZUB PKEHL PPXIY PQEST PQGLB PQQKQ PQUKI PRINS Q9U S0X 7X8 |
| DOI | 10.1165/ajrcmb.20.6.3475 |
| DatabaseName | CrossRef Medline MEDLINE MEDLINE (Ovid) MEDLINE MEDLINE PubMed ProQuest Central (Corporate) ProQuest Health & Medical Collection ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016) Biology Database (Alumni Edition) Medical Database (Alumni Edition) Science Database (Alumni Edition) STEM Database ProQuest Pharma Collection ProQuest SciTech Collection ProQuest Natural Science Collection ProQuest Hospital Collection Hospital Premium Collection (Alumni Edition) ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016) ProQuest Central (Alumni) ProQuest Central UK/Ireland ProQuest Central Essentials Biological Science Collection (subscription) ProQuest Central Natural Science Collection ProQuest One Community College ProQuest Central Health Research Premium Collection Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni) ProQuest Central Student SciTech Premium Collection ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni) Biological Sciences Health & Medical Collection (Alumni) PML(ProQuest Medical Library) Science Database Biological Science Database ProQuest Databases ProQuest One Academic (New) ProQuest Health & Medical Research Collection ProQuest One Academic Middle East (New) One Health & Nursing ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE) One Applied & Life Sciences ProQuest One Academic (retired) ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition ProQuest Central China ProQuest Central Basic SIRS Editorial MEDLINE - Academic |
| DatabaseTitle | CrossRef MEDLINE Medline Complete MEDLINE with Full Text PubMed MEDLINE (Ovid) ProQuest Central Student ProQuest One Academic Middle East (New) ProQuest Central Essentials SIRS Editorial ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni) ProQuest AP Science ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition) SciTech Premium Collection ProQuest One Community College ProQuest One Health & Nursing ProQuest Natural Science Collection ProQuest Pharma Collection ProQuest Central China ProQuest Biology Journals (Alumni Edition) ProQuest Central ProQuest One Applied & Life Sciences ProQuest Health & Medical Research Collection Health Research Premium Collection Health and Medicine Complete (Alumni Edition) Natural Science Collection ProQuest Central Korea Health & Medical Research Collection Biological Science Collection ProQuest Central (New) ProQuest Medical Library (Alumni) ProQuest Science Journals (Alumni Edition) ProQuest Biological Science Collection ProQuest Central Basic ProQuest Science Journals ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition ProQuest Hospital Collection Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni) Biological Science Database ProQuest SciTech Collection ProQuest Hospital Collection (Alumni) ProQuest Health & Medical Complete ProQuest Medical Library ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition ProQuest One Academic ProQuest One Academic (New) ProQuest Central (Alumni) MEDLINE - Academic |
| DatabaseTitleList | MEDLINE - Academic ProQuest Central Student MEDLINE |
| Database_xml | – sequence: 1 dbid: NPM name: PubMed url: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed sourceTypes: Index Database – sequence: 2 dbid: BENPR name: ProQuest Central url: https://www.proquest.com/central sourceTypes: Aggregation Database |
| DeliveryMethod | fulltext_linktorsrc |
| Discipline | Medicine Anatomy & Physiology |
| EISSN | 1535-4989 |
| EndPage | 1189 |
| ExternalDocumentID | 42662206 10340937 10_1165_ajrcmb_20_6_3475 ajrcmb20_6_1181 |
| Genre | Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't Journal Article |
| GrantInformation_xml | – fundername: Wellcome Trust |
| GroupedDBID | - 08R 0R 1AW 23M 2WC 3V. 53G 5GY 5RE 7X7 88A 88E 88I 8AF 8AO 8FE 8FH 8FI 8FJ 8R4 8R5 ABFLS ABUWG ACGFS ACGOD ACPRK ADACO ADBBV AENEX AFFNX AFKRA AHMBA ALMA_UNASSIGNED_HOLDINGS AZQEC BAWUL BBAFP BBNVY BENPR BHPHI BPHCQ BVXVI C45 CS3 DIK DWQXO E3Z EBS EJD F5P FRP FYUFA GNUQQ GX1 H13 HCIFZ HZ J5H LK8 M0L M1P M2P M2Q M5 M7P O0- O9- OK1 OVD P2P PQEST PQQKQ PQUKI PRINS PROAC PSQYO PZZ Q2X S0X SJN THO WOQ ZGI ZXP --- 0R~ AAYXX ABJNI ACGFO AFFHD CCPQU CITATION HMCUK HZ~ M5~ OBH OFXIZ OVIDX PHGZM PHGZT PJZUB PPXIY PQGLB TEORI TR2 UKHRP W8F XRW YHG ALIPV BES CGR CUY CVF ECM EIF EMOBN NPM RWL TAE 7XB 8FK K9. PKEHL Q9U 7X8 PUEGO |
| ID | FETCH-LOGICAL-c356t-e6f93bc35e9a8827ca7378397d5683ff5047d6ec32969d6f32f23afd7cbedcaf3 |
| IEDL.DBID | BENPR |
| ISICitedReferencesCount | 47 |
| ISICitedReferencesURI | http://www.webofscience.com/api/gateway?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=Summon&SrcAuth=ProQuest&DestLinkType=CitingArticles&DestApp=WOS_CPL&KeyUT=000080955600012&url=https%3A%2F%2Fcvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com%2F%23%21%2Fsearch%3Fho%3Df%26include.ft.matches%3Dt%26l%3Dnull%26q%3D |
| ISSN | 1044-1549 |
| IngestDate | Thu Oct 02 05:54:30 EDT 2025 Mon Oct 06 16:51:58 EDT 2025 Wed Feb 19 01:19:10 EST 2025 Sat Nov 29 05:18:20 EST 2025 Tue Nov 18 22:24:48 EST 2025 Tue Nov 10 19:48:31 EST 2020 |
| IsPeerReviewed | true |
| IsScholarly | true |
| Issue | 6 |
| Language | English |
| LinkModel | DirectLink |
| MergedId | FETCHMERGED-LOGICAL-c356t-e6f93bc35e9a8827ca7378397d5683ff5047d6ec32969d6f32f23afd7cbedcaf3 |
| Notes | ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 14 content type line 23 |
| PMID | 10340937 |
| PQID | 207644101 |
| PQPubID | 4087 |
| PageCount | 9 |
| ParticipantIDs | proquest_miscellaneous_69777314 proquest_journals_207644101 pubmed_primary_10340937 crossref_primary_10_1165_ajrcmb_20_6_3475 crossref_citationtrail_10_1165_ajrcmb_20_6_3475 highwire_smallpub1_ajrcmb20_6_1181 |
| PublicationCentury | 1900 |
| PublicationDate | 1999-06-01 |
| PublicationDateYYYYMMDD | 1999-06-01 |
| PublicationDate_xml | – month: 06 year: 1999 text: 1999-06-01 day: 01 |
| PublicationDecade | 1990 |
| PublicationPlace | United States |
| PublicationPlace_xml | – name: United States – name: New York |
| PublicationTitle | American journal of respiratory cell and molecular biology |
| PublicationTitleAlternate | Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol |
| PublicationYear | 1999 |
| Publisher | Am Thoracic Soc American Thoracic Society |
| Publisher_xml | – name: Am Thoracic Soc – name: American Thoracic Society |
| References | B20 B22 B23 B25 B26 Sturgess J. (B4) 1982; 106 Oppenheimer E. H. (B3) 1976; 2 Friedrich G. (B14) 1991; 24 Sharma P. M. (B21) 1997; 14 B10 B11 Tos M. (B24) 1966; 68 B12 B13 B15 B16 B17 B18 B19 B1 B6 B7 Widdicombe J. H. (B2) 1994; 3 B8 B9 |
| References_xml | – volume: 2 start-page: 241 year: 1976 ident: B3 publication-title: Perspect. Paediatr. Pathol. – ident: B8 doi: 10.1152/ajpcell.1997.272.3.C853 – ident: B16 doi: 10.1017/S0016672300032195 – ident: B15 doi: 10.1530/jrf.0.0660161 – ident: B18 doi: 10.1146/annurev.ph.52.030190.000525 – ident: B12 doi: 10.1002/j.1460-2075.1996.tb00432.x – ident: B11 doi: 10.1165/ajrcmb.15.1.8679216 – ident: B13 doi: 10.1128/MCB.3.10.1803 – ident: B9 doi: 10.1038/ng0495-351 – volume: 14 start-page: 280 year: 1997 ident: B21 publication-title: Pediatr. Pulmonol. Suppl. – ident: B6 doi: 10.1038/359211a0 – ident: B7 doi: 10.1007/BF00369314 – volume: 24 start-page: 1515 year: 1991 ident: B14 publication-title: Genes Dev. – ident: B23 doi: 10.1242/dev.121.7.2031 – ident: B17 doi: 10.1007/BF00161042 – volume: 3 start-page: 225 year: 1994 ident: B2 publication-title: Adv. Struct. Biol. – volume: 106 start-page: 303 year: 1982 ident: B4 publication-title: Am. J. Pathol. – ident: B22 doi: 10.1126/science.257.5073.1083 – ident: B10 doi: 10.1073/pnas.88.24.11192 – ident: B19 doi: 10.1136/thx.24.6.729 – ident: B20 doi: 10.1007/BF02977034 – ident: B1 doi: 10.1038/ng1192-240 – ident: B25 doi: 10.1016/S0007-0971(61)80002-8 – volume: 68 start-page: 1 year: 1966 ident: B24 publication-title: Acta Pathol. Microbiol. Scand. doi: 10.1111/apm.1966.68.1.1 – ident: B26 doi: 10.1172/JCI119861 |
| SSID | ssj0012811 |
| Score | 1.7897952 |
| Snippet | Submucosal glands (SMGs) are the major site of expression of the cystic fibrosis (CF) transmembrane conductance regulator gene (CFTR) in the human lung. As... |
| SourceID | proquest pubmed crossref highwire |
| SourceType | Aggregation Database Index Database Enrichment Source Publisher |
| StartPage | 1181 |
| SubjectTerms | Animals Clone Cells Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator - metabolism Humans Mice Mice, Inbred Strains Mice, Transgenic Models, Genetic Mucous Membrane - metabolism Mucous Membrane - physiology Mucus - secretion Muramidase - biosynthesis Serous Membrane - metabolism Stem Cells - metabolism Trachea - anatomy & histology Trachea - metabolism Transplantation Chimera |
| Title | Murine Submucosal Glands Are Clonally Derived and Show a Cystic Fibrosis Gene-Dependent Distribution Pattern |
| URI | http://ajrcmb.atsjournals.org/cgi/content/abstract/20/6/1181 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10340937 https://www.proquest.com/docview/207644101 https://www.proquest.com/docview/69777314 |
| Volume | 20 |
| WOSCitedRecordID | wos000080955600012&url=https%3A%2F%2Fcvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com%2F%23%21%2Fsearch%3Fho%3Df%26include.ft.matches%3Dt%26l%3Dnull%26q%3D |
| hasFullText | 1 |
| inHoldings | 1 |
| isFullTextHit | |
| isPrint | |
| journalDatabaseRights | – providerCode: PRVPQU databaseName: Health & Medical Collection customDbUrl: eissn: 1535-4989 dateEnd: 20101231 omitProxy: false ssIdentifier: ssj0012811 issn: 1044-1549 databaseCode: 7X7 dateStart: 19940101 isFulltext: true titleUrlDefault: https://search.proquest.com/healthcomplete providerName: ProQuest – providerCode: PRVPQU databaseName: ProQuest Biological Science Database (NC LIVE) customDbUrl: eissn: 1535-4989 dateEnd: 20101231 omitProxy: false ssIdentifier: ssj0012811 issn: 1044-1549 databaseCode: M7P dateStart: 19940101 isFulltext: true titleUrlDefault: http://search.proquest.com/biologicalscijournals providerName: ProQuest – providerCode: PRVPQU databaseName: ProQuest Central customDbUrl: eissn: 1535-4989 dateEnd: 20250307 omitProxy: false ssIdentifier: ssj0012811 issn: 1044-1549 databaseCode: BENPR dateStart: 19940101 isFulltext: true titleUrlDefault: https://www.proquest.com/central providerName: ProQuest – providerCode: PRVPQU databaseName: ProQuest Science Database (NC LIVE) customDbUrl: eissn: 1535-4989 dateEnd: 20101231 omitProxy: false ssIdentifier: ssj0012811 issn: 1044-1549 databaseCode: M2P dateStart: 19940101 isFulltext: true titleUrlDefault: https://search.proquest.com/sciencejournals providerName: ProQuest |
| link | http://cvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwpV3Nb9MwFH9iHUJc-Nj4CINhIYTEwVsSp3Z8QgNt4kCrCgHqLXL9IYbapNTdUP97nl2n2oVduFiJ7FhO3rP9nt_L7wfw1qBUnavQyTH1jFbWciq1LGjtDMe5Z7iMKf8_vojxuJ5O5STl5viUVtmviXGhNp0OZ-ThJCRs3XnxYfmbBtKoEFxNDBp7sB-AyqoB7H88H0--7sIIZR0JeNHlqGjAIuvjlHx4qn6t9GKGDuIJP2FVSDO8uS_1WMH_tjvj_nPx8D9H_ggeJMOTnG015THcse0BHJ616HQvNuQdiamg8Yz9AO6NUsT9EOajcBxvicdBheR27CKyfniiVpboeTDk5xtiUJGvrSFYQ_zP7g9RRG8CBDRx6I93_tIT1FRLe87dNTEBsTeRbZFlRPlsn8D3i_Nvnz7TxNBANRvyNbXcSTbDaysVmupCK8EEmlzCDHnNnBvmlTDcalZKLg13rHQlU84IPbNGK8eewqDtWvscSCGEknmu0N9kFcNlRdralIqXpVaW2zKD014-jU7w5YFFY95EN4YPm61EmzJveBMkmsH73RPLLXTHLW3f9CJv_AI_HIq6SK1io_B_bgZHvYCbNNN9s5NuBq93tThFQ9xFtba78k3Qd8GKKoNnWw26MRwW3le8uLXnI7ifwCJoXryEwXp1ZV_BXX29vvSrY9gTUxHL-jjpP96NykkoxeQv_PkQVg |
| linkProvider | ProQuest |
| linkToHtml | http://cvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMw1V1Lb9QwEB6VgoALj5bHUqAWAiQOaZM4sTcHhCqgatXdFYeC9uY6fohFu9llk7baH8V_ZCaPVS_01gO3SHasZPzN2OMZfwPw1uKsep-gk2P7eZA4J4LMZFHQ91ag7lmR1Sn_PwZyNOqPx9m3DfjT3YWhtMrOJtaG2s4NnZHTSQgt3WH0afE7oKJRFFztKmg0qDhxq0v02MqPx19wet_F8eHX089HQVtUIDA8FVXghM94js8u07i7lEZLLnGXIG0q-tz7NEykFc7wOBOZFZ7HPubaW2lyZ432HMe9BbfRjEvKIJPjtX9HMamoIT9IAmI-66KiIt3Xv5ZmlqM7uif2eEJJjVdXwY6Z-N-73Hq1O3z4n8npETxot9XsoNGDx7Dhii3YPih0NZ-t2HtWJ7rWEYQtuDts8wm2YTqkYINjJQqBUvdxiLqmScn00jEzJTdlumIW1fTCWYYtrPw5v2SamRURXDM_yVHAk5KhHrqgqyhcMUt8xG0pMbaoOUyLJ_D9RkTwFDaLeeGeA4uk1FkYavSmecLRaGaub2Mt4thoJ1zcg_0OD8q05OxUI2SqaidNpKpBkIpDJRQhqAcf1m8sGmKSa_q-6SCmyhkKDqEVtb3qTnT7uAc7HaBUa8dKtUZTD3bXrWiAKKqkCzc_LxVps-RR0oNnDWKvfA6n_5Uvrh15F-4dnQ4HanA8OtmB-y0tRhBGL2GzWp67V3DHXFSTcvm61jYGZzcN27-Zgmoc |
| linkToPdf | http://cvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMw1V3Nb9MwFH8aA01c-NiAlQGzECBxyJrYiZ0cEJoYFdPWqgdAu3mOP0SnNi1Nt6l_Gv8dz25S7cJuO3CLZMdKnn_v2c_v-fcA3hmcVedSdHJMXkaptTwqdJFEuTMcdc_wIqT8_zwVg0F-dlYMN-BPexfGp1W2NjEYajPV_ozcn4T4pTtOuq7Jihge9T7Pfke-gJQPtLbVNFYIObHLa_Te6k_HRzjV7yntff3-5VvUFBiINMv4IrLcFazEZ1so3GkKrQQTuGMQJuM5cy6LU2G41YwWvDDcMeooU84IXVqjlWM47j24L9Is88rVp8N1AIPmofQvOjtp5FnQ2ggpz7rqYq4nJbqmB_yApT7B8eaK2LIU_3vHG1a-3uP_WGZP4FGz3SaHK_14Chu22oadw0otppMl-UBCAmyILGzDVr_JM9iBcd8HISypUSA-pR-HCLVOaqLmluixd1_GS2JQfa-sIdhC6l_Ta6KIXnria-JGJQp7VBPUTxu1lYYXxHie4qbEGJkFbtPqGfy4ExE8h81qWtldIIkQqohjhV42Sxka08LmhipOqVaWW9qBbosNqRvSdl87ZCyD88YzuUKTpLHk0qOpAx_Xb8xWhCW39H3bwk3WExQcwixpeoVO_lZyB_ZacMnGvtVyjawO7K9b0TD5aJOq7PSyll7LBUvSDrxYoffG5zD_v-LlrSPvwxaiVZ4eD0724GHDlhHFySvYXMwv7Wt4oK8Wo3r-JigegfO7Ru1fs5Vy6Q |
| openUrl | ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info%3Aofi%2Fenc%3AUTF-8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsummon.serialssolutions.com&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Murine+Submucosal+Glands+Are+Clonally+Derived+and+Show+a+Cystic+Fibrosis+Gene%E2%80%93Dependent+Distribution+Pattern&rft.jtitle=American+journal+of+respiratory+cell+and+molecular+biology&rft.au=Borthwick%2C+Duncan+W.&rft.au=West%2C+John+D.&rft.au=Keighren%2C+Margaret+A.&rft.au=Flockhart%2C+Jean+H.&rft.date=1999-06-01&rft.issn=1044-1549&rft.eissn=1535-4989&rft.volume=20&rft.issue=6&rft.spage=1181&rft.epage=1189&rft_id=info:doi/10.1165%2Fajrcmb.20.6.3475&rft.externalDBID=n%2Fa&rft.externalDocID=10_1165_ajrcmb_20_6_3475 |
| thumbnail_l | http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/lc.gif&issn=1044-1549&client=summon |
| thumbnail_m | http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/mc.gif&issn=1044-1549&client=summon |
| thumbnail_s | http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/sc.gif&issn=1044-1549&client=summon |