"Seeing" ENF: Power-Signature-Based Timestamp for Digital Multimedia via Optical Sensing and Signal Processing

Electric Network Frequency (ENF) fluctuates slightly over time from its nominal value of 50 Hz/60 Hz. The fluctuations in ENF remain consistent across the entire power grid including when measured at physically distant geographical locations. The light intensity from such indoor lighting as fluoresc...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:	IEEE transactions on information forensics and security Vol. 8; no. 9; pp. 1417 - 1432
Main Authors:	Garg, R., Varna, A. L., Hajj-Ahmad, A., Min Wu
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	New York, NY IEEE 01.09.2013 Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE)
Subjects:	Applied sciences Artificial intelligence Audio-visual binding Computer science; control theory; systems Detection, estimation, filtering, equalization, prediction Diodes electric network frequency Exact sciences and technology Fluctuation Forensic engineering Frequency estimation Illumination Indoor information forensics Information, signal and communications theory Lighting Memory and file management (including protection and security) Memory organisation. Data processing Optical sensors Pattern recognition. Digital image processing. Computational geometry Power grids Recording Signal and communications theory Signal processing Signal, noise Software Spectrogram Studies Telecommunications and information theory Time-frequency analysis timestamp video authentication Visual Audio-visual binding Grid Video signal Power supply Autoregressive model information forensics Modeling Indoor installation electric network frequency Complementary MOS technology Lighting Robustness Localization Computer security timestamp Multimedia Computer vision Forensic science Subspace method Optical sensor Video cameras video authentication Date Optical measurement Experimental result Electrical network Surveillance Authentication Signal processing Signal analysis
ISSN:	1556-6013, 1556-6021
Online Access:	Get full text
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