TIME DEPENDENCE OF THE e− FLUX MEASURED BY PAMELA DURING THE 2006 JULY-2009 DECEMBER SOLAR MINIMUM

ABSTRACT Precision measurements of the electron component of cosmic radiation provide important information about the origin and propagation of cosmic rays in the Galaxy not accessible from the study of cosmic-ray nuclear components due to their differing diffusion and energy-loss processes. However...

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Published in:The Astrophysical journal Vol. 810; no. 2; pp. 142 - 154
Main Authors: Adriani, O., Barbarino, G. C., Bazilevskaya, G. A., Bellotti, R., Boezio, M., Bogomolov, E. A., Bongi, M., Bonvicini, V., Bottai, S., Bruno, A., Cafagna, F., Campana, D., Carlson, P., Casolino, M., Castellini, G., Donato, C. De, Santis, C. De, Simone, N. De, Felice, V. Di, Formato, V., Galper, A. M., Karelin, A. V., Koldashov, S. V., Koldobskiy, S., Krutkov, S. Y., Kvashnin, A. N., Leonov, A., Malakhov, V., Marcelli, L., Martucci, M., Mayorov, A. G., Menn, W., Mergè, M., Mikhailov, V. V., Mocchiutti, E., Monaco, A., Mori, N., Munini, R., Osteria, G., Palma, F., Panico, B., Papini, P., Pearce, M., Picozza, P., Ricci, M., Ricciarini, S. B., Sarkar, R., Scotti, V., Simon, M., Sparvoli, R., Spillantini, P., Stozhkov, Y. I., Vacchi, A., Vannuccini, E., Vasilyev, G., Voronov, S. A., Yurkin, Y. T., Zampa, G., Zampa, N., Potgieter, M. S., Vos, E. E.
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: United States The American Astronomical Society 10.09.2015
Subjects:
ANTIMATTER
ASTROPHYSICS
ASTROPHYSICS, COSMOLOGY AND ASTRONOMY
COSMIC RADIATION
COSMIC RAY PROPAGATION
cosmic rays
DIFFUSION
ELECTRONS
ENERGY LOSSES
GALAXIES
GEV RANGE
HELIOSPHERE
LIGHT NUCLEI
MEV RANGE
MODULATION
SOLAR WIND
SUN
Sun: heliosphere
TIME DEPENDENCE
ISSN:0004-637X, 1538-4357, 1538-4357
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Summary:ABSTRACT Precision measurements of the electron component of cosmic radiation provide important information about the origin and propagation of cosmic rays in the Galaxy not accessible from the study of cosmic-ray nuclear components due to their differing diffusion and energy-loss processes. However, when measured near Earth, the effects of propagation and modulation of Galactic cosmic rays in the heliosphere, particularly significant for energies up to at least 30 GeV, must be properly taken into account. In this paper the electron (e−) spectra measured by the Payload for Antimatter Matter Exploration and Light-nuclei Astrophysics down to 70 MeV from 2006 July to 2009 December over six-month time intervals are presented. Fluxes are compared with a state-of-the-art three-dimensional model of solar modulation that reproduces the observations remarkably well.
Bibliography:The Interstellar Medium
ApJ99451
ISSN:0004-637X
1538-4357
1538-4357
DOI:10.1088/0004-637X/810/2/142