With Respect to Prejudice
The basic assumptions of psychotherapy must necessarily reflect the cultural orientations and dilemmas of the western societies, and historical periods, in which these originated. This paper considers how the racialised biases of that period, namely, the era of European domination built upon the con...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Journal of analytical psychology Jg. 64; H. 2; S. 189 - 205 |
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01.04.2019
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| ISSN: | 0021-8774, 1468-5922, 1468-5922 |
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| Abstract | The basic assumptions of psychotherapy must necessarily reflect the cultural orientations and dilemmas of the western societies, and historical periods, in which these originated. This paper considers how the racialised biases of that period, namely, the era of European domination built upon the conquest, colonisation and enslavement of non-European peoples, may linger in psychotherapeutic training and practice today. This not only limits the potential usefulness of the discipline in the multicultural populations of the west, but also risks it being read as covert neo-colonialism in the ‘non-west’. In a world that ever more clearly demonstrates the human costs of prejudice psychotherapists in general, and Jungians in particular, might wish to consider how, wittingly or otherwise, they maintain prejudiced ways of thinking. This paper examines material from the author's professional and personal experience, using literature that lies outside the specifically Jungian canon, to expose how such bias might work. |
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| AbstractList | The basic assumptions of psychotherapy must necessarily reflect the cultural orientations and dilemmas of the western societies, and historical periods, in which these originated. This paper considers how the racialised biases of that period, namely, the era of European domination built upon the conquest, colonisation and enslavement of non-European peoples, may linger in psychotherapeutic training and practice today. This not only limits the potential usefulness of the discipline in the multicultural populations of the west, but also risks it being read as covert neo-colonialism in the ‘non-west’. In a world that ever more clearly demonstrates the human costs of prejudice psychotherapists in general, and Jungians in particular, might wish to consider how, wittingly or otherwise, they maintain prejudiced ways of thinking. This paper examines material from the author's professional and personal experience, using literature that lies outside the specifically Jungian canon, to expose how such bias might work. The basic assumptions of psychotherapy must necessarily reflect the cultural orientations and dilemmas of the western societies, and historical periods, in which these originated. This paper considers how the racialised biases of that period, namely, the era of European domination built upon the conquest, colonisation and enslavement of non‐European peoples, may linger in psychotherapeutic training and practice today. This not only limits the potential usefulness of the discipline in the multicultural populations of the west, but also risks it being read as covert neo‐colonialism in the ‘non‐west’. In a world that ever more clearly demonstrates the human costs of prejudice psychotherapists in general, and Jungians in particular, might wish to consider how, wittingly or otherwise, they maintain prejudiced ways of thinking. This paper examines material from the author's professional and personal experience, using literature that lies outside the specifically Jungian canon, to expose how such bias might work. Les présupposés fondamentaux de la psychothérapie doivent nécessairement refléter les orientations culturelles et les dilemmes des sociétés occidentales, ainsi que les périodes de l’histoire dont elles sont issues. Cet article explore de quelles manières les préjugés racistes de cette période – l’ère de la domination européenne, fondée sur la conquête, la colonisation et la réduction en esclavage de peuples non‐européens, a pu persister dans la formation des psychothérapeutes et la pratique de la psychothérapie aujourd’hui. L’état actuel des choses ne fait pas que limiter l’utilité potentielle de cette discipline dans les populations de cultures diverses établies en Occident, mais fait aussi courir le risque que la psychothérapie soit vue comme néo‐colonialiste dans le monde ‘non‐occidental’. Dans un monde qui montre de plus en plus clairement le coût humain du racisme et des préjugés en général, les psychothérapeutes, et les Jungiens en particulier, pourraient souhaiter prendre en compte comment, délibérément ou pas, ils perpétuent des manières de penser racistes. Cet article explore des éléments provenant de la vie professionnelle de l’auteur ainsi que de sa vie personnelle. Il s’appuie sur des écrits qui ne sont pas spéde tels préjugés sont à l’œuvre. Die Grundannahmen der Psychotherapie müssen notwendigerweise die kulturellen Orientierungen und Dilemmata der westlichen Gesellschaften widerspiegeln wie auch die historischen Perioden in denen diese entstanden sind. In diesem Beitrag wird untersucht, wie die rassistischen Vorurteile jener Zeit, nämlich die der Epoche der europäischen Vorherrschaft, die auf der Eroberung, Kolonisation und Versklavung nichteuropäischer Völker aufgebaut war, heute in psychotherapeutischer Ausbildung und Praxis fortbestehen können. Dies begrenzt nicht nur den potentiellen Nutzen der Disziplin innerhalb der multikulturellen Bevölkerungen des Westens, sondern birgt auch die Gefahr, daß sie als verdeckter Neokolonialismus im 'Nicht‐Westen' gelesen wird. In einer Welt, in der die menschlichen Kosten von Vorurteilen immer deutlicher werden, möchten Psychotherapeuten im Allgemeinen und insbesondere Jungianer vielleicht darüber nachdenken, wie sie, wissentlich oder auf andere Art, vorurteilshafte Denkweisen aufrechterhalten. In diesem Artikel wird Material aus der beruflichen und persönlichen Erfahrung der Autorin untersucht, wobei Literatur, die außerhalb des spezifisch jungianischen Kanons liegt, verwendet wird um aufzuzeigen, wie solche Voreingenommenheit funktionieren kann. Gli assunti di base della psicoterapia devono necessariamente riflettere gli orientamenti culturali ed i dilemmi delle società occidentali e delle epoche storiche in cui hanno avuto origione. Questo articolo considera come i presupposti razziali di un periodo, più precisamente l’era delle dominazione europea, fondata sulle conquiste, la colonizzazione e la schiavitù delle popolazioni non europee, possano permanere nel training e nella pratica psicoterapeutica ancora oggi. Questo non solo limita la potenziale utilità della psicoterapia nei contesti multiculturali occidentali, ma rischia di essere letto come un nascosto neo‐colonialismo nel mondo non occidentale. In un mondo che ancora più chiaramente mostra i costi umani del pregiudizio, gli psicoterapeuti in generale, e gli junghiani in particolare, dovrebbero considerare come, consapevolmente o no, continuino ad avere modalità di pensiero fondate sul pregiudizio. Il presente lavoro prende in esame materiale dall’esperienza professionale e personale dell’Autore, facendo riferimento anche a letteratura al di fuori dai canoni dello specifico junghiano, per mostrare come questi presupposti funzionino. Основные предположения психотерапии должны обязательно отражать культурные ориентиры и дилеммы западного общества и исторических периодов. В статье рассматривается, как расистские предубеждения того периода, а именно эры Европейского доминирования, основанного на завоевании, колонизации и порабощения неевропейских народов могут присутствовать в психотерапевтических тренингах и современной практике. Это не только ограничивает потенциальную полезность дисциплины в мультикультурной популяции западного мира, но и вносит риск прочтения психотерапии как скрытой нео‐колонизации на «не‐западе». В мире, в котором человеческая цена предубеждений очевидна, психотерапевты в целом, а юнгианцы в особенности могут обратить внимание, как их в мышлении продолжают жить предубеждения. В статье представлен материал из профессионального и личного опыта автора, а также не аналитической литературы, демонстрирующий влияние и механизмы работы таких предубеждений. Las suposiciones básicas de la psicoterapia deben necesariamente reflejar las orientaciones culturales y los dilemas de las sociedades occidentales, y los períodos históricos que las originaron. El presente trabajo considera como los prejuicios raciales de ese período, llámese, la era de la dominación Europea lograda a través de la conquista, colonización y esclavización de las personas no‐Europeas, pueden persistir en la formación y práctica de la psicoterapia en el presente. Esto no solamente limita la potencial utilidad de la disciplina en poblaciones multiculturales en occidente, sino que también conlleva el riesgo de ser leída como un neo‐colonialismo encubierto en el ‘no‐ occidente’. En un mundo, que demuestra cada vez con más claridad el costo humano del prejuicio, psicoterapeutas en general, y analistas Junguianos en particular, deberían poder considerar, cómo ‐ a sabiendas o de otro modo ‐ mantienen formas de pensamiento prejuiciosas. El presente trabajo examina material de la experiencia personal y profesional de la autora, utilizando literatura que se encuentra por fuera del canon específicamente Junguiano, para exponer como podrían influir tales prejuicios. 心理治疗的基本假设务必反思处于其根源的文化取向、西方社会的困境、以及历史时期。这篇文章讨论在那个时代的种族偏见,即欧洲基于其对非欧洲人民的征服、殖民和奴役而称霸的那个时代,讨论这一时期所构建的种族偏见如何仍然徘徊在当今的心理治疗训练与实践中。 这不仅仅局限了这一学科在西方多元文化人群中的效用,还冒着被“非西方人”理解为隐蔽的新殖民主义的风险。当今世界越发清晰地展示成见带来的人力损失,此时的心理治疗师,特别是荣格学者,或许更希望反思,他们如何仍保留着这些带有成见的思维模式。这篇文章检视了来自作者自身职业与个人经验的材料,使用了荣格流派之外的文献,用以呈现这些成见如何在起着作用。 The basic assumptions of psychotherapy must necessarily reflect the cultural orientations and dilemmas of the western societies, and historical periods, in which these originated. This paper considers how the racialised biases of that period, namely, the era of European domination built upon the conquest, colonisation and enslavement of non-European peoples, may linger in psychotherapeutic training and practice today. This not only limits the potential usefulness of the discipline in the multicultural populations of the west, but also risks it being read as covert neo-colonialism in the 'non-west'. In a world that ever more clearly demonstrates the human costs of prejudice psychotherapists in general, and Jungians in particular, might wish to consider how, wittingly or otherwise, they maintain prejudiced ways of thinking. This paper examines material from the author's professional and personal experience, using literature that lies outside the specifically Jungian canon, to expose how such bias might work.The basic assumptions of psychotherapy must necessarily reflect the cultural orientations and dilemmas of the western societies, and historical periods, in which these originated. This paper considers how the racialised biases of that period, namely, the era of European domination built upon the conquest, colonisation and enslavement of non-European peoples, may linger in psychotherapeutic training and practice today. This not only limits the potential usefulness of the discipline in the multicultural populations of the west, but also risks it being read as covert neo-colonialism in the 'non-west'. In a world that ever more clearly demonstrates the human costs of prejudice psychotherapists in general, and Jungians in particular, might wish to consider how, wittingly or otherwise, they maintain prejudiced ways of thinking. This paper examines material from the author's professional and personal experience, using literature that lies outside the specifically Jungian canon, to expose how such bias might work. |
| Author | Maitra, Begum |
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| Keywords | prejudice psychotherapy training cultural bias race Jung supervision раса formación psicoterapéutica 心理治疗训练 pregiudizio психотерапевтический тренинг Psychotherapieausbildung formation des psychothérapeutes préjugés racistes et autres Юнг training psicoterapeutico Supervision prejuicio культурные пристрастия Vorurteil raza assunti culturali prejuicio cultural razza Rasse 文化偏见 préjugés culturels 荣格 supervisión 种族 supervisione супервизия 督导 kulturelle Voreingenommenheit предубеждение 成见 |
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| References | 1927; 10 1939; 10 1988; 4 1995 2017 2006 2015 Feb 1999 1930; 10 1690 2001; 43 1988 e_1_2_2_4_1 Jefferson M. (e_1_2_2_6_1) 2015 e_1_2_2_12_1 e_1_2_2_7_1 e_1_2_2_11_1 e_1_2_2_10_1 e_1_2_2_2_1 Shearer A. (e_1_2_2_14_1) 2015 e_1_2_2_9_1 Foucault M. (e_1_2_2_3_1) 1995 e_1_2_2_8_1 Roland A. (e_1_2_2_13_1) 1988 Hopkins L. (e_1_2_2_5_1) 2006 |
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| SubjectTerms | Adult assunti culturali Bias Colonialism Colonization Covert cultural bias Cultural Competency Dominance European cultural groups formación psicoterapéutica formation des psychothérapeutes Health Personnel Humans Jung Jungian Theory kulturelle Voreingenommenheit Multiculturalism & pluralism Neocolonialism Personal experiences pregiudizio Prejudice prejuicio prejuicio cultural préjugés culturels préjugés racistes et autres Psychotherapieausbildung Psychotherapists Psychotherapy psychotherapy training race Racism Rasse raza razza supervision supervisione supervisión Training training psicoterapeutico Usefulness Vorurteil культурные пристрастия предубеждение психотерапевтический тренинг раса супервизия Юнг 心理治疗训练 成见 文化偏见 督导 种族 荣格 |
| Title | With Respect to Prejudice |
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