SilkRoad II: mixed paradigm cluster computing with RC_dag consistency
A parallel programming paradigm indicates the way to express applications. It also restricts the algorithms that may be used in the applications. Unfortunately, runtime systems for parallel computing often impose a particular programming paradigm. For a wider choice of algorithms, it is therefore de...
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| Vydané v: | Parallel computing Ročník 29; číslo 8; s. 1091 - 1115 |
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| Hlavní autori: | , , |
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| Jazyk: | English |
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Elsevier B.V
01.08.2003
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| ISSN: | 0167-8191, 1872-7336 |
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| Abstract | A parallel programming paradigm indicates the way to express applications. It also restricts the algorithms that may be used in the applications. Unfortunately, runtime systems for parallel computing often impose a particular programming paradigm. For a wider choice of algorithms, it is therefore desirable to support more than one paradigm.
In this paper, we propose a formalism for modeling parallel programming paradigms from a graph–theoretic view of their
execution instance dag and the memory consistency assumptions. This model allows us to formally reason about the properties of parallel programming paradigms that are hitherto only known informally and intuitively. We propose the concept of
general paradigm and show that the single program multiple data, the divide and conquer, and the master/slave paradigms are all sub-sets of this general paradigm. We will also propose a super set of these three paradigms which we called the
mixed paradigm and introduce the RC_dag memory consistency model.
We also present our work on SilkRoad II, a variant of the Cilk runtime system for cluster computing. What is unique about SilkRoad II is its memory model which supports multiple paradigms with the underlying software distributed shared memory. Our experimental results show that the stronger RC_dag can achieve performance comparable to LC of Cilk while supporting a bigger set of paradigms with rather good performance. |
|---|---|
| AbstractList | A parallel programming paradigm indicates the way to express applications. It also restricts the algorithms that may be used in the applications. Unfortunately, runtime systems for parallel computing often impose a particular programming paradigm. For a wider choice of algorithms, it is therefore desirable to support more than one paradigm.
In this paper, we propose a formalism for modeling parallel programming paradigms from a graph–theoretic view of their
execution instance dag and the memory consistency assumptions. This model allows us to formally reason about the properties of parallel programming paradigms that are hitherto only known informally and intuitively. We propose the concept of
general paradigm and show that the single program multiple data, the divide and conquer, and the master/slave paradigms are all sub-sets of this general paradigm. We will also propose a super set of these three paradigms which we called the
mixed paradigm and introduce the RC_dag memory consistency model.
We also present our work on SilkRoad II, a variant of the Cilk runtime system for cluster computing. What is unique about SilkRoad II is its memory model which supports multiple paradigms with the underlying software distributed shared memory. Our experimental results show that the stronger RC_dag can achieve performance comparable to LC of Cilk while supporting a bigger set of paradigms with rather good performance. |
| Author | Peng, Liang Yuen, Chung-Kwong Wong, Weng-Fai |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Liang surname: Peng fullname: Peng, Liang email: mlpeng@ntu.edu.sg, penglian@comp.nus.edu – sequence: 2 givenname: Weng-Fai surname: Wong fullname: Wong, Weng-Fai email: wongwf@comp.nus.edu.sg – sequence: 3 givenname: Chung-Kwong surname: Yuen fullname: Yuen, Chung-Kwong email: yuenck@comp.nus.edu.sg |
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| References_xml | – reference: K.H. Randall, Cilk: Efficient Multithreaded Computing, PhD Thesis, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, May 1998, Available as MIT Technical Report MIT/LCS/TR-749 – reference: Cilk-5.2 Reference Manual. Available from < – reference: R.D. Blumofe, C.E. Leiserson, Scheduling multithreaded computations by work stealing, in: Proceedings of the 35th Annual Symposium on Foundations of Computer Science (FOCS), November 1994, pp. 356–368 – reference: A. Itzkovitz, A. Schuster, L. Shalev, Supporting multiple parallel programming paradigms on top of the millipede virtual parallel machine, in: Proceedings of the Second International Workshop on High Level Programming Models and Supportive Environments (HIPS ’97), April 1997, pp. 25–34 – volume: 5 start-page: 407 year: 1993 end-page: 427 ident: BIB16 article-title: Model programs for computational science: a programming methodology for multicomputers publication-title: Currency: Practice and Experience – reference: G.R. Gao, V. Sarkar, Stepping beyond memory coherence barrier, in: Proceedings of the 1995 International Conference on Parallel Processing (ICPP’95), August 1995, pp. 73–76 – reference: L. Peng, W.F. Wong, M.D. Feng, C.K. Yuen, SilkRoad: a multithreaded runtime system with software distributed shared memory for SMP clusters, in: Proceedings of the Second IEEE International Conference on Cluster Computing, December 2000 – reference: A.J.G. Hey, D.J. Pritchard, C. Whitby-Strevens, Multi-paradigm parallel programming, in: Proceedings of the Twenty-Second Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences, 1998, pp. 716–725 – volume: 8 start-page: 80 year: 1994 end-page: 98 ident: BIB18 article-title: Integrated support for task and data parallelism publication-title: The International Journal of Supercomputer Applications – reference: M. Frigo, PhD Thesis, Portable High-Performance Programs, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, June 1999 – reference: M. Frigo, V. Luchangco, Computation-centric memory models, in: Proceedings of the 10th Annual ACM Symposium on Parallel Algorithms and Architectures (SPAA), June 1998 – volume: vol. 44 start-page: 239 year: 1995 end-page: 251 ident: BIB20 article-title: A parallel programming methodology based on paradigms publication-title: Proceedings of WoTUG-18: Transputer and Occam Developments – reference: M. Frigo, K.H. Randall, C.E. Leiserson, The implementation of the Cilk-5 multithreaded language, in: Proceedings of the ACM SIGPLAN’98 Conference on Programming Language Design and Implementation (PLDI), 17–19 June 1998, Montreal, Canada – reference: F. Hamelin, J.-M. Jezequel, T. Priol, A Multi-paradigm object oriented parallel environment, in: Proceedings of the Eighth International Parallel Processing Symposium, 1994, pp. 182–186 – volume: vol. 2 year: 1999 ident: BIB9 publication-title: High Performance Cluster Computing: Programming and Applications – reference: P. Keleher, PhD Thesis, Lazy Release Consistency for Distributed Shared Memory, Rice University, January 1995 – reference: P. Keleher, A.L. Cox, S. Dwarkadas, W. Zwaenepoel, TreadMarks: Distributed shared memory on standard workstations and operating systems, in: USENIX Winter 1994 Conference Proceedings, January 1994, San Francisco, CA, pp. 115–132 – reference: Distributed Cilk––Release 5.1 alpha 1. Available from < – reference: R.D. Blumofe, PhD Thesis, Executing Multithreaded Programs Efficiently, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, September 1995 – reference: M. Frigo, Master Thesis, The weakest reasonable memory model, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1998 – reference: A. Aiken, D. Gay, Barrier inference, Symposium on Principles of Programming Languages, 1998, pp. 342–354. Available from < – volume: 26 start-page: 581 year: 1996 end-page: 612 ident: BIB22 article-title: ParC: an extension of C for shared memory parallel processing publication-title: Software Practice and Experience – reference: J. Leichtl, P.E. Crandall, M.J. Clement, Parallel programming in multi-paradigm clusters, in: Sixth IEEE International Symposium on High Performance Distributed Computing, 1997, pp. 326–335 – reference: M. Bari, L. Jaffe, S. Zur, A. Itzkovich, A. Schuster, CParPar-A natural parallel extension of C++, Technion’s laboratory for distributed-parallel computing internal document, 1996 – reference: > – reference: M.L. Scott, T.J. LeBlanc, Marsh, D. Brian, Multi-model parallel programming in Psyche, in: Proceedings of the Second Annual ACM Symposium on Principles and Practice of Parallel Programming, 1990, pp. 70–78. Available from < – start-page: 690 year: 1979 end-page: 691 ident: BIB11 article-title: How to make a multiprocessor computer that correctly executes multiprocess programs? publication-title: IEEE Transactions on Computers – ident: 10.1016/S0167-8191(03)00093-0_BIB25 doi: 10.1109/HPDC.1997.626438 – ident: 10.1016/S0167-8191(03)00093-0_BIB19 doi: 10.1145/99163.99172 – ident: 10.1016/S0167-8191(03)00093-0_BIB2 – ident: 10.1016/S0167-8191(03)00093-0_BIB7 – ident: 10.1016/S0167-8191(03)00093-0_BIB5 – ident: 10.1016/S0167-8191(03)00093-0_BIB15 doi: 10.1109/CLUSTR.2000.889067 – volume: 8 start-page: 80 issue: 2 year: 1994 ident: 10.1016/S0167-8191(03)00093-0_BIB18 article-title: Integrated support for task and data parallelism publication-title: The International Journal of Supercomputer Applications doi: 10.1177/109434209400800202 – start-page: 690 year: 1979 ident: 10.1016/S0167-8191(03)00093-0_BIB11 article-title: How to make a multiprocessor computer that correctly executes multiprocess programs? publication-title: IEEE Transactions on Computers doi: 10.1109/TC.1979.1675439 – ident: 10.1016/S0167-8191(03)00093-0_BIB14 doi: 10.1109/SFCS.1994.365680 – volume: vol. 44 start-page: 239 year: 1995 ident: 10.1016/S0167-8191(03)00093-0_BIB20 article-title: A parallel programming methodology based on paradigms – ident: 10.1016/S0167-8191(03)00093-0_BIB3 doi: 10.1145/277650.277725 – ident: 10.1016/S0167-8191(03)00093-0_BIB13 – ident: 10.1016/S0167-8191(03)00093-0_BIB17 doi: 10.1145/268946.268974 – ident: 10.1016/S0167-8191(03)00093-0_BIB10 – ident: 10.1016/S0167-8191(03)00093-0_BIB1 – ident: 10.1016/S0167-8191(03)00093-0_BIB21 doi: 10.1109/HIPS.1997.582953 – ident: 10.1016/S0167-8191(03)00093-0_BIB23 – ident: 10.1016/S0167-8191(03)00093-0_BIB26 doi: 10.1109/HICSS.1989.48079 – volume: 5 start-page: 407 issue: 5 year: 1993 ident: 10.1016/S0167-8191(03)00093-0_BIB16 article-title: Model programs for computational science: a programming methodology for multicomputers publication-title: Currency: Practice and Experience doi: 10.1002/cpe.4330050503 – ident: 10.1016/S0167-8191(03)00093-0_BIB8 doi: 10.1145/277651.277690 – ident: 10.1016/S0167-8191(03)00093-0_BIB6 – ident: 10.1016/S0167-8191(03)00093-0_BIB4 – ident: 10.1016/S0167-8191(03)00093-0_BIB12 – ident: 10.1016/S0167-8191(03)00093-0_BIB24 doi: 10.1109/IPPS.1994.288303 – volume: 26 start-page: 581 issue: 5 year: 1996 ident: 10.1016/S0167-8191(03)00093-0_BIB22 article-title: ParC: an extension of C for shared memory parallel processing publication-title: Software Practice and Experience doi: 10.1002/(SICI)1097-024X(199605)26:5<581::AID-SPE53>3.0.CO;2-P – volume: vol. 2 year: 1999 ident: 10.1016/S0167-8191(03)00093-0_BIB9 |
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