Soil Mapping Using Electromagnetic Induction to Assess the Suitability of Land for Growing Leptospermum nitens in Western Australia

Leptospermum sp. with dihydroxyacetone in their nectar are a source of high-value medicinal honey production and can provide income from agriculturally marginal lands. The current study was from two newly planted Leptospermum nitens sites, one with duplex soil and the other in deep sandy soil, in th...

Ausführliche Beschreibung

Gespeichert in:
Bibliographische Detailangaben
Veröffentlicht in:Frontiers in environmental science Jg. 10
Hauptverfasser: Shaukat, Hira, Flower, Ken C., Leopold, Matthias
Format: Journal Article
Sprache:Englisch
Veröffentlicht: Frontiers Media S.A 19.07.2022
Schlagworte:
ISSN:2296-665X, 2296-665X
Online-Zugang:Volltext
Tags: Tag hinzufügen
Keine Tags, Fügen Sie den ersten Tag hinzu!
Abstract Leptospermum sp. with dihydroxyacetone in their nectar are a source of high-value medicinal honey production and can provide income from agriculturally marginal lands. The current study was from two newly planted Leptospermum nitens sites, one with duplex soil and the other in deep sandy soil, in the low rainfall areas of the south-west of Western Australia, with the aim of identifying key soil parameters influencing the plantation’s survival and growth. Electromagnetic induction (EMI) at different depths was used to investigate the possible impact of soil variability on the Leptospermum nitens plantations. Two EMI surveys were conducted at each site, at different times of the year, to account for soil moisture variability (relatively dry and wet conditions). A least-square inversion algorithm was used to determine true electrical conductivities at three different soil depths (0–0.5, 0.5–0.8, and 0.8–1.6 m) to produce quasi-3D maps of soil inverted electrical conductivity. Corresponding soil samples from each depth were used for the physico-chemical analysis of soil parameters and to develop laboratory-based electrical resistivity to soil volumetric moisture calibrations with R 2 values between 0.95 and 0.99. Shrub survival and growth (canopy diameter) were estimated using unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) images and machine learning. Comparing EMI soil mapping with UAV imagery results showed significantly greater shrub survival and growth ( p < 0.001) in areas with higher ECa ranges of 12–24 mS m −1 at the variable textured site and 6–9 mS m −1 at the uniformly sandy site. Overall, the variable textured site, with an 82% survival rate, had a significantly higher shrub count and larger plants than the uniformly sandy site, with a 75% survival rate. A principal component analysis (PCA) identified inverted EC to be strongly correlated with soil moisture > pH > soil texture. Such soil mapping may be a robust and effective method for risk assessment of new shrub plantations.
AbstractList Leptospermum sp. with dihydroxyacetone in their nectar are a source of high-value medicinal honey production and can provide income from agriculturally marginal lands. The current study was from two newly planted Leptospermum nitens sites, one with duplex soil and the other in deep sandy soil, in the low rainfall areas of the south-west of Western Australia, with the aim of identifying key soil parameters influencing the plantation’s survival and growth. Electromagnetic induction (EMI) at different depths was used to investigate the possible impact of soil variability on the Leptospermum nitens plantations. Two EMI surveys were conducted at each site, at different times of the year, to account for soil moisture variability (relatively dry and wet conditions). A least-square inversion algorithm was used to determine true electrical conductivities at three different soil depths (0–0.5, 0.5–0.8, and 0.8–1.6 m) to produce quasi-3D maps of soil inverted electrical conductivity. Corresponding soil samples from each depth were used for the physico-chemical analysis of soil parameters and to develop laboratory-based electrical resistivity to soil volumetric moisture calibrations with R2 values between 0.95 and 0.99. Shrub survival and growth (canopy diameter) were estimated using unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) images and machine learning. Comparing EMI soil mapping with UAV imagery results showed significantly greater shrub survival and growth (p < 0.001) in areas with higher ECa ranges of 12–24 mS m−1 at the variable textured site and 6–9 mS m−1 at the uniformly sandy site. Overall, the variable textured site, with an 82% survival rate, had a significantly higher shrub count and larger plants than the uniformly sandy site, with a 75% survival rate. A principal component analysis (PCA) identified inverted EC to be strongly correlated with soil moisture > pH > soil texture. Such soil mapping may be a robust and effective method for risk assessment of new shrub plantations.
Leptospermum sp. with dihydroxyacetone in their nectar are a source of high-value medicinal honey production and can provide income from agriculturally marginal lands. The current study was from two newly planted Leptospermum nitens sites, one with duplex soil and the other in deep sandy soil, in the low rainfall areas of the south-west of Western Australia, with the aim of identifying key soil parameters influencing the plantation’s survival and growth. Electromagnetic induction (EMI) at different depths was used to investigate the possible impact of soil variability on the Leptospermum nitens plantations. Two EMI surveys were conducted at each site, at different times of the year, to account for soil moisture variability (relatively dry and wet conditions). A least-square inversion algorithm was used to determine true electrical conductivities at three different soil depths (0–0.5, 0.5–0.8, and 0.8–1.6 m) to produce quasi-3D maps of soil inverted electrical conductivity. Corresponding soil samples from each depth were used for the physico-chemical analysis of soil parameters and to develop laboratory-based electrical resistivity to soil volumetric moisture calibrations with R 2 values between 0.95 and 0.99. Shrub survival and growth (canopy diameter) were estimated using unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) images and machine learning. Comparing EMI soil mapping with UAV imagery results showed significantly greater shrub survival and growth ( p < 0.001) in areas with higher ECa ranges of 12–24 mS m −1 at the variable textured site and 6–9 mS m −1 at the uniformly sandy site. Overall, the variable textured site, with an 82% survival rate, had a significantly higher shrub count and larger plants than the uniformly sandy site, with a 75% survival rate. A principal component analysis (PCA) identified inverted EC to be strongly correlated with soil moisture > pH > soil texture. Such soil mapping may be a robust and effective method for risk assessment of new shrub plantations.
Author Shaukat, Hira
Flower, Ken C.
Leopold, Matthias
Author_xml – sequence: 1
  givenname: Hira
  surname: Shaukat
  fullname: Shaukat, Hira
– sequence: 2
  givenname: Ken C.
  surname: Flower
  fullname: Flower, Ken C.
– sequence: 3
  givenname: Matthias
  surname: Leopold
  fullname: Leopold, Matthias
BookMark eNp1UU1LJDEQDeKCH-sP2Fv-wIzpZDqdPg7ix8AsHlTcW6hOKmOkJ2mSjOLZP263s4Is7KWqKHiv6r13Qg5DDEjIr4rNhVDtucPwkueccT5XStRCHJBjzls5k7L-c_htPiJnOT8zxirB60VVHZP3u-h7-huGwYcNfchTvezRlBS3sAlYvKGrYHem-BhoiXSZM-ZMyxPSu50v0PnelzcaHV1DsNTFRK9TfJ141jiUmAdM292WBl8wZOoDfcRcMAW63OWSoPfwk_xw0Gc8-9tPyf3V5f3FzWx9e726WK5nRtSLMmutqphyvDataMFw6Th3jRXMIoCVjaukUYY34CRyx6x0newagapDyZUUp2S1p7URnvWQ_BbSm47g9ecipo2GNOrtUdeuldBIy13NF51bdAIahUZ0fLyiwI5czZ7LpJhzQqfN6MXk0SjJ97piekpGfyajp2T0PpkRWf2D_Prk_5gPoRSYnA
CitedBy_id crossref_primary_10_1016_j_still_2023_105953
crossref_primary_10_3390_land13070961
Cites_doi 10.1007/s11368-017-1909-8
10.1016/j.carres.2007.12.011
10.2307/41738808
10.3390/f12030327
10.1007/s11119-009-9156-7
10.1190/1.9781560802631.ch6
10.15302/J-FASE-2017143
10.1016/j.envsoft.2013.01.012
10.1080/01431161.2019.1569793
10.1002/mnfr.200700282
10.1016/j.scienta.2009.06.032
10.1139/juvs-2020-0005
10.1071/9780643069879
10.1071/bt9810747
10.1016/j.agee.2012.06.022
10.1080/01431161.2017.1297548
10.1007/s10021-008-9221-5
10.1086/337797
10.1016/j.geoderma.2014.01.027
10.1371/journal.pone.0163717
10.1016/B0-12-348530-4/00410-0
10.2113/JEEG18.1.1
10.1016/0038-0717(92)90046-Z
10.2136/vzj2009.0088
10.1021/acs.jafc.8b04363
10.1016/s0031-9422(98)00548-2
10.1016/j.jappgeo.2004.04.005
10.1371/journal.pone.0055898
10.1080/0028825X.2005.9512966
10.1016/j.biosystemseng.2003.09.001
10.7717/peerj.3446
10.1071/SR14330
10.21273/horttech.21.3.293
10.1080/01431160701736513
10.2307/2657108
10.3390/f5092230
10.2989/20702620.2016.1255417
10.1111/j.1365-2389.1965.tb01442.x
10.7751/telopea19894902
10.5194/soil-6-499-2020
10.1071/9781486304646
10.1080/01140671.2019.1657911
10.1007/s11119-009-9119-z
10.1016/j.jhydrol.2020.125810
10.1016/j.agwat.2021.107246
10.1071/BT9940555
10.4324/9780203071649
10.1371/journal.pone.0167780
10.1111/j.1467-8489.2008.00409.x
10.1016/S0926-9851(00)00038-0
10.1002/saj2.20008
10.1080/0028825X.2016.1247732
10.1190/1.3537834
10.1111/sum.12370
10.1071/9780643100732
10.1021/jf5045958
10.1007/978-3-319-24574-4_28
10.1080/0028825X.1965.10428708
10.1139/x00-048
10.5194/hess-25-1509-2021
10.1007/s11263-009-0275-4
10.1016/j.rse.2020.112197
10.2136/sssaj1988.03615995005200020011x
10.2136/sh2002.1.0009
10.1190/1.1442649
10.2136/sssaj2000.6431009x
10.1109/IGARSS.2017.8127090
10.1016/j.jappgeo.2013.10.005
10.1111/gcbb.12090
10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.02.136
10.1046/j.1442-9993.1999.00969.x
10.1016/0378-3774(95)91232-V
10.1186/s13634-016-0383-6
10.2134/jeq2009.0036
10.1016/j.geoderma.2018.11.030
10.1016/j.agrformet.2011.06.014
10.1016/j.carres.2009.03.020
ContentType Journal Article
DBID AAYXX
CITATION
DOA
DOI 10.3389/fenvs.2022.883533
DatabaseName CrossRef
DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals
DatabaseTitle CrossRef
DatabaseTitleList
CrossRef
Database_xml – sequence: 1
  dbid: DOA
  name: WRHA-DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals
  url: https://www.doaj.org/
  sourceTypes: Open Website
DeliveryMethod fulltext_linktorsrc
Discipline Environmental Sciences
EISSN 2296-665X
ExternalDocumentID oai_doaj_org_article_5f96a76d2f524bf4b3a78ec3b27f18ad
10_3389_fenvs_2022_883533
GroupedDBID 5VS
88I
8FE
8FH
9T4
AAFWJ
AAYXX
ABUWG
ACGFS
ADBBV
AEUYN
AFFHD
AFKRA
AFPKN
ALMA_UNASSIGNED_HOLDINGS
AZQEC
BBNVY
BCNDV
BENPR
BHPHI
BPHCQ
CCPQU
CITATION
DWQXO
GNUQQ
GROUPED_DOAJ
HCIFZ
KQ8
LK8
M2P
M7P
M~E
OK1
PHGZM
PHGZT
PIMPY
PQGLB
PQQKQ
PROAC
ZBA
ID FETCH-LOGICAL-c354t-9d8108f25c939ac26f22f7d30deaad67f16c8c27af6e2f0d6fb6b73e8be62863
IEDL.DBID DOA
ISICitedReferencesCount 2
ISICitedReferencesURI http://www.webofscience.com/api/gateway?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=Summon&SrcAuth=ProQuest&DestLinkType=CitingArticles&DestApp=WOS_CPL&KeyUT=000835100400001&url=https%3A%2F%2Fcvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com%2F%23%21%2Fsearch%3Fho%3Df%26include.ft.matches%3Dt%26l%3Dnull%26q%3D
ISSN 2296-665X
IngestDate Fri Oct 03 12:39:59 EDT 2025
Sat Nov 29 03:28:46 EST 2025
Tue Nov 18 22:02:32 EST 2025
IsDoiOpenAccess true
IsOpenAccess true
IsPeerReviewed true
IsScholarly true
Language English
LinkModel DirectLink
MergedId FETCHMERGED-LOGICAL-c354t-9d8108f25c939ac26f22f7d30deaad67f16c8c27af6e2f0d6fb6b73e8be62863
OpenAccessLink https://doaj.org/article/5f96a76d2f524bf4b3a78ec3b27f18ad
ParticipantIDs doaj_primary_oai_doaj_org_article_5f96a76d2f524bf4b3a78ec3b27f18ad
crossref_citationtrail_10_3389_fenvs_2022_883533
crossref_primary_10_3389_fenvs_2022_883533
PublicationCentury 2000
PublicationDate 2022-07-19
PublicationDateYYYYMMDD 2022-07-19
PublicationDate_xml – month: 07
  year: 2022
  text: 2022-07-19
  day: 19
PublicationDecade 2020
PublicationTitle Frontiers in environmental science
PublicationYear 2022
Publisher Frontiers Media S.A
Publisher_xml – name: Frontiers Media S.A
References Porter (B70) 1999; 50
B22
Rayment (B74) 2011
Everingham (B32) 2010; 88
Mavric (B56) 2008; 52
Stephens (B86) 2005; 43
McKenzie (B58) 2004
Lu (B53) 2013; 8
B31
Bean (B9) 2004; 10
Harper (B41) 2017; 79
Mendham (B60) 2011; 151
Adams (B2) 2008; 343
Charron (B20) 2020; 8
Kaiser (B48) 1992; 24
Dodson (B29) 1995
Frischknecht (B34) 1988
Salter (B78) 1965; 16
Asner (B5) 2009; 12
Griffin (B37) 1994
Scudiero (B83) 2017
Leopold (B51) 2021; 593
Thrimawithana (B89) 2019; 47
Ma (B54) 2011; 12
Minasny (B61) 2005
Brevik (B15) 2002; 43
Pearson (B69) 2016; 2016
Villarreal (B94) 1990; 151
(B44) 2021
B52
Sasaki (B80) 2001; 46
Nicia (B65) 2018; 18
van Wesenbeeck (B93) 1988; 52
Pádua (B67) 2017; 38
Kellenberger (B49) 2017
Marden (B55) 2015
Arshad (B4) 2020; 84
Abdu (B1) 2017; 4
Bennett (B12) 1994; 42
Hahs (B39) 1999; 24
McKenzie (B57) 2002
Beets (B10) 2014; 5
Bittelli (B13) 2011; 21
Scott (B82) 2000; 30
Williams (B97) 2014; 62
Raparelli (B73) 2019; 40
Burrell (B16) 1965; 3
Moura (B64) 2018
Doolittle (B30) 2014
Simons (B85) 2021
Cassaniti (B19) 2009; 122
Hedley (B43) 2009; 10
Bennett (B11) 1995; 27
Triantafilis (B90) 2000; 64
D’Emden (B27) 2008; 52
(B6) 2002
Isbell (B45) 2016
Tsoar (B92) 2005
Ronneberger (B76) 2015
B71
B72
Wicaksono (B95) 2016; 11
Baltsavias (B7) 2008; 29
Farzamian (B33) 2021; 25
Santos (B79) 2010; 9
Lamb (B50) 2014
Hanssens (B40) 2019; 337
Nickless (B66) 2017; 55
Triantafilis (B91) 2013; 43
Corwin (B23) 2013; 18
McNeill (B59) 1980
Furby (B35) 2010; 39
Monteiro Santos (B62) 2004; 56
Carroll (B18) 2001; 88
Stirzaker (B87) 2002
Cokcetin (B21) 2016; 11
Monteiro Santos (B63) 2011; 76
Harper (B42) 2014; 6
Burrell (B17) 1981; 29
Roper (B77) 2015; 53
Adams (B3) 2009; 344
Williams (B96) 2018; 66
George (B36) 2012; 163
Paz (B68) 2020; 6
Iuss (B46) 2014
Shaukat (B84) 2022; 259
B14
Dixon (B28) 2021; 255
Hageer (B38) 2017; 5
James (B47) 2003; 86
Dainelli (B24) 2021; 12
Delefortrie (B26) 2014; 100
Bean (B8) 1992; 3
Thompson (B88) 1989; 3
Sasaki (B81) 1989; 54
Redmon (B75) 2016
Dakak (B25) 2017; 33
References_xml – volume: 18
  start-page: 2770
  year: 2018
  ident: B65
  article-title: The Impact of Restoration Processes on the Selected Soil Properties and Organic Matter Transformation of Mountain Fens under Caltho-Alnetum Community in the Babiogórski National Park in Outer Flysch Carpathians, Poland
  publication-title: J. Soils Sediments
  doi: 10.1007/s11368-017-1909-8
– volume: 343
  start-page: 651
  year: 2008
  ident: B2
  article-title: Isolation by HPLC and Characterisation of the Bioactive Fraction of New Zealand Manuka (Leptospermum scoparium) Honey
  publication-title: Carbohydr. Res.
  doi: 10.1016/j.carres.2007.12.011
– volume: 3
  start-page: 643
  year: 1992
  ident: B8
  article-title: The Genus Leptospermum Forst. Et. Forst. F. (Myrtaceae) in Northern Australia and Malesia
  publication-title: Austrobaileya
  doi: 10.2307/41738808
– volume: 12
  start-page: 327
  year: 2021
  ident: B24
  article-title: Recent Advances in Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Forest Remote Sensing-A Systematic Review. Part I: A General Framework
  publication-title: Forests
  doi: 10.3390/f12030327
– volume: 12
  start-page: 55
  year: 2011
  ident: B54
  article-title: Comparing Temperature Correction Models for Soil Electrical Conductivity Measurement
  publication-title: Precis. Agric.
  doi: 10.1007/s11119-009-9156-7
– start-page: 364
  volume-title: Electromagnetic Methods in Applied Geophysics:
  year: 1988
  ident: B34
  article-title: 6. Electromagnetic Physical Scale Modeling
  doi: 10.1190/1.9781560802631.ch6
– volume: 4
  start-page: 135
  year: 2017
  ident: B1
  article-title: Electromagnetic Induction Mapping at Varied Soil Moisture Reveals Field-Scale Soil Textural Patterns and Gravel Lenses
  publication-title: Front. Agr. Sci. Eng.
  doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2017143
– volume: 43
  start-page: 88
  year: 2013
  ident: B91
  article-title: An Inversion Approach to Generate Electromagnetic Conductivity Images from Signal Data
  publication-title: Environ. Model. Softw.
  doi: 10.1016/j.envsoft.2013.01.012
– volume: 40
  start-page: 9070
  year: 2019
  ident: B73
  article-title: A Bibliometric Analysis on the Use of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles in Agricultural and Forestry Studies
  publication-title: Int. J. Remote Sens.
  doi: 10.1080/01431161.2019.1569793
– volume: 52
  start-page: 483
  year: 2008
  ident: B56
  article-title: Identification and Quantification of Methylglyoxal as the Dominant Antibacterial Constituent of Manuka (Leptospermum scoparium)honeys from New Zealand
  publication-title: Mol. Nutr. Food Res.
  doi: 10.1002/mnfr.200700282
– volume: 122
  start-page: 586
  year: 2009
  ident: B19
  article-title: The Effects of Sodium Chloride on Ornamental Shrubs
  publication-title: Sci. Hortic.
  doi: 10.1016/j.scienta.2009.06.032
– volume: 8
  start-page: 245
  year: 2020
  ident: B20
  article-title: The DeLeaves: a UAV Device for Efficient Tree Canopy Sampling
  publication-title: J. Unmanned Veh. Sys.
  doi: 10.1139/juvs-2020-0005
– volume-title: Soil Physical Measurement and Interpretation for Land Evaluation
  year: 2002
  ident: B57
  doi: 10.1071/9780643069879
– volume: 29
  start-page: 747
  year: 1981
  ident: B17
  article-title: Invasion of Coastal Heaths of Victoria by Leptospermum Laevigatum (J. Gaertn.) F. Muell
  publication-title: Aust. J. Bot.
  doi: 10.1071/bt9810747
– volume-title: You Only Look once: Unified, Real-Time Object Detection
  year: 2016
  ident: B75
– volume: 163
  start-page: 28
  year: 2012
  ident: B36
  article-title: A Sustainable Agricultural Landscape for Australia: A Review of Interlacing Carbon Sequestration, Biodiversity and Salinity Management in Agroforestry Systems
  publication-title: Agric. Ecosyst. Environ.
  doi: 10.1016/j.agee.2012.06.022
– volume: 38
  start-page: 2349
  year: 2017
  ident: B67
  article-title: UAS, Sensors, and Data Processing in Agroforestry: a Review towards Practical Applications
  publication-title: Int. J. Remote Sens.
  doi: 10.1080/01431161.2017.1297548
– volume: 12
  start-page: 261
  year: 2009
  ident: B5
  article-title: Environmental and Biotic Controls over Aboveground Biomass throughout a Tropical Rain Forest
  publication-title: Ecosystems
  doi: 10.1007/s10021-008-9221-5
– volume: 151
  start-page: 5
  year: 1990
  ident: B94
  article-title: Effects of Temperature and Water Stress on Some Floral Nectar Characteristics in Ipomopsis Longiflora (Polemoniaceae) under Controlled Conditions
  publication-title: Bot. Gaz.
  doi: 10.1086/337797
– start-page: 33
  year: 2014
  ident: B30
  article-title: The Use of Electromagnetic Induction Techniques in Soils Studies
  publication-title: Geoderma
  doi: 10.1016/j.geoderma.2014.01.027
– volume: 11
  start-page: e0163717
  year: 2016
  ident: B95
  article-title: The Bacterial Signature of Leptospermum scoparium (Mānuka) Reveals Core and Accessory Communities with Bioactive Properties
  publication-title: PLoS One
  doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0163717
– start-page: 462
  volume-title: Encyclopedia of Soils in the Environment
  year: 2005
  ident: B92
  article-title: Sand Dunes
  doi: 10.1016/B0-12-348530-4/00410-0
– volume: 18
  start-page: 1
  year: 2013
  ident: B23
  article-title: Protocols and Guidelines for Field-Scale Measurement of Soil Salinity Distribution with ECa-Directed Soil Sampling
  publication-title: Jeeg
  doi: 10.2113/JEEG18.1.1
– volume: 24
  start-page: 675
  year: 1992
  ident: B48
  article-title: Evaluation of Methods to Estimate the Soil Microbial Biomass and the Relationship with Soil Texture and Organic Matter
  publication-title: Soil Biol. Biochem.
  doi: 10.1016/0038-0717(92)90046-Z
– volume: 9
  start-page: 117
  year: 2010
  ident: B79
  article-title: Inversion of Multiconfiguration Electromagnetic (DUALEM-421) Profiling Data Using a One-Dimensional Laterally Constrained Algorithm
  publication-title: Vadose Zo. J.
  doi: 10.2136/vzj2009.0088
– volume: 66
  start-page: 11133
  year: 2018
  ident: B96
  article-title: Dihydroxyacetone Production in the Nectar of Australian Leptospermum Is Species Dependent
  publication-title: J. Agric. Food Chem.
  doi: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b04363
– volume: 10
  start-page: 831
  year: 2004
  ident: B9
  article-title: Three New Species of Leptospermum (Myrtaceae) from Queensland and Northern New South Wales
  publication-title: Telopea
– volume-title: Floristic Survey of Remnanat Vegetation in the Dandaragan Area, Western Australia
  year: 1994
  ident: B37
– volume: 50
  start-page: 407
  year: 1999
  ident: B70
  article-title: Chemical, Physical and Antimicrobial Properties of Essential Oils of Leptospermum scoparium and Kunzea Ericoides
  publication-title: Phytochemistry
  doi: 10.1016/s0031-9422(98)00548-2
– volume: 56
  start-page: 123
  year: 2004
  ident: B62
  article-title: 1-D Laterally Constrained Inversion of EM34 Profiling Data
  publication-title: J. Appl. Geophys.
  doi: 10.1016/j.jappgeo.2004.04.005
– volume: 8
  start-page: e55898
  year: 2013
  ident: B53
  article-title: The Effect of New Zealand Kanuka, Manuka and Clover Honeys on Bacterial Growth Dynamics and Cellular Morphology Varies According to the Species
  publication-title: PLoS One
  doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0055898
– volume: 43
  start-page: 431
  year: 2005
  ident: B86
  article-title: A Review ofLeptospermum scoparium(Myrtaceae) in New Zealand
  publication-title: N. Z. J. Bot.
  doi: 10.1080/0028825X.2005.9512966
– volume: 86
  start-page: 421
  year: 2003
  ident: B47
  article-title: Determination of Soil Type Boundaries Using Electromagnetic Induction Scanning Techniques
  publication-title: Biosyst. Eng.
  doi: 10.1016/j.biosystemseng.2003.09.001
– volume: 5
  start-page: e3446
  year: 2017
  ident: B38
  article-title: Climate, Soil or Both? Which Variables Are Better Predictors of the Distributions of Australian Shrub Species?
  publication-title: PeerJ
  doi: 10.7717/peerj.3446
– volume: 53
  start-page: 786
  year: 2015
  ident: B77
  article-title: Management Options for Water-Repellent Soils in Australian Dryland Agriculture
  publication-title: Soil Res.
  doi: 10.1071/SR14330
– volume: 21
  start-page: 293
  year: 2011
  ident: B13
  article-title: Measuring Soil Water Content: A Review
  publication-title: hortte
  doi: 10.21273/horttech.21.3.293
– volume: 29
  start-page: 1243
  year: 2008
  ident: B7
  article-title: High‐quality Image Matching and Automated Generation of 3D Tree Models
  publication-title: Int. J. Remote Sens.
  doi: 10.1080/01431160701736513
– volume: 88
  start-page: 438
  year: 2001
  ident: B18
  article-title: Drought Stress, Plant Water Status, and Floral Trait Expression in Fireweed, Epilobium Angustifolium (Onagraceae)
  publication-title: Am. J. Bot.
  doi: 10.2307/2657108
– volume: 5
  start-page: 2230
  year: 2014
  ident: B10
  article-title: The Inventory of Carbon Stocks in New Zealand's Post-1989 Natural Forest for Reporting under the Kyoto Protocol
  publication-title: Forests
  doi: 10.3390/f5092230
– volume-title: The Australian Soil Classification. Third. CSIRO Publishing
  year: 2021
  ident: B44
– volume: 79
  start-page: 185
  year: 2017
  ident: B41
  article-title: The Development of Reforestation Options for Dryland Farmland in South-Western Australia: a Review
  publication-title: South. For. a J. For. Sci.
  doi: 10.2989/20702620.2016.1255417
– ident: B52
– volume: 16
  start-page: 310
  year: 1965
  ident: B78
  article-title: The Influence of Texture on the Moisture Characteristics of Soils
  publication-title: J. Soil Sci.
  doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2389.1965.tb01442.x
– volume: 3
  start-page: 301
  year: 1989
  ident: B88
  article-title: A Revision of the Genus Leptospermum (Myrtaceae)
  publication-title: Telopea
  doi: 10.7751/telopea19894902
– ident: B71
– volume-title: A Review of Research on the Erosion Control Effectiveness of Naturally Reverting Mānuka (
  year: 2015
  ident: B55
– volume: 6
  start-page: 499
  year: 2020
  ident: B68
  article-title: Assessing Soil Salinity Dynamics Using Time-Lapse Electromagnetic Conductivity Imaging
  publication-title: SOIL
  doi: 10.5194/soil-6-499-2020
– volume-title: The Australian Soil Classification
  year: 2016
  ident: B45
  doi: 10.1071/9781486304646
– year: 2018
  ident: B64
  article-title: Analysis of Frequency-Dependence of Soil Resisitivity: Emphasis at Low Frequencies
– volume: 47
  start-page: 233
  year: 2019
  ident: B89
  article-title: A Whole Genome Assembly of Leptospermum scoparium (Myrtaceae) for Mānuka Research
  publication-title: N. Z. J. Crop Hortic. Sci.
  doi: 10.1080/01140671.2019.1657911
– volume: 10
  start-page: 342
  year: 2009
  ident: B43
  article-title: Soil Water Status Mapping and Two Variable-Rate Irrigation Scenarios
  publication-title: Precis. Agric.
  doi: 10.1007/s11119-009-9119-z
– volume: 593
  start-page: 125810
  year: 2021
  ident: B51
  article-title: Time Lapse Electric Resistivity Tomography to Portray Infiltration and Hydrologic Flow Paths from Surface to Cave
  publication-title: J. Hydrology
  doi: 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2020.125810
– volume: 259
  start-page: 107246
  year: 2022
  ident: B84
  article-title: Quasi-3D Mapping of Soil Moisture in Agricultural Fields Using Electrical Conductivity Sensing
  publication-title: Agric. Water Manag.
  doi: 10.1016/j.agwat.2021.107246
– volume-title: Trees, Water and Salt: An Australian Guide to Using Trees for Healthy Catchments and Productive Farms
  year: 2002
  ident: B87
– volume: 42
  start-page: 555
  year: 1994
  ident: B12
  article-title: The Expansion of Leptospermum Laevigatum on the Yanakie Isthmus, Wilson's Promontory, under Changes in the Burning and Grazing Regimes
  publication-title: Aust. J. Bot.
  doi: 10.1071/BT9940555
– volume-title: Large-Scale Forest Restoration
  year: 2014
  ident: B50
  doi: 10.4324/9780203071649
– volume: 11
  start-page: e0167780
  year: 2016
  ident: B21
  article-title: The Antibacterial Activity of Australian Leptospermum Honey Correlates with Methylglyoxal Levels
  publication-title: PLoS One
  doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0167780
– volume: 52
  start-page: 169
  year: 2008
  ident: B27
  article-title: Factors Influencing Adoption of Conservation Tillage in Australian Cropping Regions
  publication-title: Aust. J. Agric. Res. Econ.
  doi: 10.1111/j.1467-8489.2008.00409.x
– volume-title: Soil Chemical Methods: Australasia
  year: 2011
  ident: B74
– volume: 46
  start-page: 45
  year: 2001
  ident: B80
  article-title: Full 3-D Inversion of Electromagnetic Data on PC
  publication-title: J. Appl. Geophys.
  doi: 10.1016/S0926-9851(00)00038-0
– volume: 84
  start-page: 314
  year: 2020
  ident: B4
  article-title: Field‐scale Digital Soil Mapping of Clay: Combining Different Proximal Sensed Data and Comparing Various Statistical Models
  publication-title: Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J.
  doi: 10.1002/saj2.20008
– volume-title: World Soil Resources Reports No. 106
  year: 2014
  ident: B46
  article-title: World Reference Base for Soil Resources 2014, Update 2015 International Soil Classification System for Naming Soils and Creating Legends for Soil Maps
– volume: 55
  start-page: 100
  year: 2017
  ident: B66
  article-title: Soil Influences on Plant Growth, Floral Density and Nectar Yield in Three Cultivars of Mānuka (Leptospermum scoparium)
  publication-title: N. Z. J. Bot.
  doi: 10.1080/0028825X.2016.1247732
– volume: 76
  start-page: B43
  year: 2011
  ident: B63
  article-title: A Spatially Constrained 1D Inversion Algorithm for quasi-3D Conductivity Imaging: Application to DUALEM-421 Data Collected in a Riverine Plain
  publication-title: Geophysics
  doi: 10.1190/1.3537834
– volume: 33
  start-page: 553
  year: 2017
  ident: B25
  article-title: Mapping Soil Salinity in 3-dimensions Using an EM38 and EM4Soil Inversion Modelling at the Reconnaissance Scale in Central Morocco
  publication-title: Soil Use Manage
  doi: 10.1111/sum.12370
– volume-title: Australian Soils and Landscapes: An Illustrated Compendium
  year: 2004
  ident: B58
  doi: 10.1071/9780643100732
– volume: 62
  start-page: 10332
  year: 2014
  ident: B97
  article-title: Regional, Annual, and Individual Variations in the Dihydroxyacetone Content of the Nectar of Ma̅nuka (Leptospermum scoparium) in New Zealand
  publication-title: J. Agric. Food Chem.
  doi: 10.1021/jf5045958
– start-page: 234
  volume-title: Medical Image Computing and Computer-Assisted Intervention – MICCAI 2015
  year: 2015
  ident: B76
  article-title: U-net: Convolutional Networks for Biomedical Image Segmentation
  doi: 10.1007/978-3-319-24574-4_28
– volume: 3
  start-page: 3
  year: 1965
  ident: B16
  article-title: Ecology ofLeptospermumin Otago
  publication-title: N. Z. J. Bot.
  doi: 10.1080/0028825X.1965.10428708
– ident: B31
– volume-title: Electromagnetic Terrain Conductivity Measurement at Low Induction Numbers
  year: 1980
  ident: B59
– volume: 30
  start-page: 1246
  year: 2000
  ident: B82
  article-title: Carbon and Nitrogen Distribution and Accumulation in a New Zealand Scrubland Ecosystem
  publication-title: Can. J. For. Res.
  doi: 10.1139/x00-048
– volume: 25
  start-page: 1509
  year: 2021
  ident: B33
  article-title: Assessing the Dynamics of Soil Salinity with Time-Lapse Inversion of Electromagnetic Data Guided by Hydrological Modelling
  publication-title: Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci.
  doi: 10.5194/hess-25-1509-2021
– volume: 88
  start-page: 303
  year: 2010
  ident: B32
  article-title: The Pascal Visual Object Classes (VOC) Challenge
  publication-title: Int. J. Comput. Vis.
  doi: 10.1007/s11263-009-0275-4
– volume: 255
  start-page: 112197
  year: 2021
  ident: B28
  article-title: Satellite Prediction of Forest Flowering Phenology
  publication-title: Remote Sens. Environ.
  doi: 10.1016/j.rse.2020.112197
– volume: 52
  start-page: 363
  year: 1988
  ident: B93
  article-title: Spatial and Temporal Distribution of Soil Water in the Tilled Layer under a Corn Crop
  publication-title: Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J.
  doi: 10.2136/sssaj1988.03615995005200020011x
– volume: 43
  start-page: 9
  year: 2002
  ident: B15
  article-title: Influence of Soil Water Content, Clay, Temperature, and Carbonate Minerals on Electrical Conductivity Readings Taken with an EM-38
  publication-title: Soil Surv. Horizons
  doi: 10.2136/sh2002.1.0009
– volume: 54
  start-page: 254
  year: 1989
  ident: B81
  article-title: Two‐dimensional Joint Inversion of Magnetotelluric and Dipole‐dipole Resistivity Data
  publication-title: Geophysics
  doi: 10.1190/1.1442649
– volume: 64
  start-page: 1009
  year: 2000
  ident: B90
  article-title: Calibrating an Electromagnetic Induction Instrument to Measure Salinity in Soil under Irrigated Cotton
  publication-title: Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J.
  doi: 10.2136/sssaj2000.6431009x
– start-page: 866
  volume-title: 2017 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium
  year: 2017
  ident: B49
  article-title: Fast Animal Detection in UAV Images Using Convolutional Neural Networks
  doi: 10.1109/IGARSS.2017.8127090
– volume: 100
  start-page: 14
  year: 2014
  ident: B26
  article-title: Frequency Domain Electromagnetic Induction Survey in the Intertidal Zone: Limitations of Low-Induction-Number and Depth of Exploration
  publication-title: J. Appl. Geophys.
  doi: 10.1016/j.jappgeo.2013.10.005
– volume: 6
  start-page: 544
  year: 2014
  ident: B42
  article-title: Managing Water in Agricultural Landscapes with Short-Rotation Biomass Plantations
  publication-title: GCB Bioenergy
  doi: 10.1111/gcbb.12090
– ident: B72
– ident: B14
– start-page: 273
  year: 2017
  ident: B83
  article-title: Simplifying Field-Scale Assessment of Spatiotemporal Changes of Soil Salinity
  publication-title: Sci. Total Environ.
  doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.02.136
– year: 2021
  ident: B85
  article-title: Measuring Soil Salinity
  publication-title: Dep. Prim. Ind. Reg. Dev.
– volume: 24
  start-page: 249
  year: 1999
  ident: B39
  article-title: Plant Communities, Species Richness and Their Environmental Correlates in the Sandy Heaths of Little Desert National Park, Victoria
  publication-title: Aust. J. Ecol.
  doi: 10.1046/j.1442-9993.1999.00969.x
– volume: 27
  start-page: 69
  year: 1995
  ident: B11
  article-title: Using the EM38 to Measure the Effect of Soil Salinity on Eucalyptus Globulus in South-Western Australia
  publication-title: Agric. Water Manag.
  doi: 10.1016/0378-3774(95)91232-V
– volume: 2016
  start-page: 1
  year: 2016
  ident: B69
  article-title: Generalized Hampel Filters
  publication-title: EURASIP J. Adv. Signal Process.
  doi: 10.1186/s13634-016-0383-6
– volume: 39
  start-page: 16
  year: 2010
  ident: B35
  article-title: Salinity Monitoring in Western Australia Using Remotely Sensed and Other Spatial Data
  publication-title: J. Environ. Qual.
  doi: 10.2134/jeq2009.0036
– volume-title: Salinity on Australian Farms 2002, Bulletin 4615
  year: 2002
  ident: B6
– start-page: 21
  volume-title: Ecology and Biogeography of Mediterranean Ecosystems in Chile, California, and AustraliaEcological Studies (Analysis and Synthesis)
  year: 1995
  ident: B29
  article-title: Evolution and History of Mediterranean Vegetation Types in Australia
– ident: B22
– volume: 337
  start-page: 1155
  year: 2019
  ident: B40
  article-title: Improving the Reliability of Soil EC-Mapping: Robust Apparent Electrical Conductivity (rECa) Estimation in Ground-Based Frequency Domain Electromagnetics
  publication-title: Geoderma
  doi: 10.1016/j.geoderma.2018.11.030
– volume-title: VESPER Version 1.62
  year: 2005
  ident: B61
– volume: 151
  start-page: 1568
  year: 2011
  ident: B60
  article-title: Soil Water Depletion and Replenishment during First- and Early Second-Rotation Eucalyptus Globulus Plantations with Deep Soil Profiles
  publication-title: Agric. For. Meteorology
  doi: 10.1016/j.agrformet.2011.06.014
– volume: 344
  start-page: 1050
  year: 2009
  ident: B3
  article-title: The Origin of Methylglyoxal in New Zealand Manuka (Leptospermum scoparium) Honey
  publication-title: Carbohydr. Res.
  doi: 10.1016/j.carres.2009.03.020
SSID ssj0001325411
Score 2.2031238
Snippet Leptospermum sp. with dihydroxyacetone in their nectar are a source of high-value medicinal honey production and can provide income from agriculturally...
Leptospermum sp. with dihydroxyacetone in their nectar are a source of high-value medicinal honey production and can provide income from agriculturally...
SourceID doaj
crossref
SourceType Open Website
Enrichment Source
Index Database
SubjectTerms electrical resistivity tomography (ERT)
electromagnetic induction (EMI)
inversion
Leptospermum
UAV
volumetric soil moisture
Title Soil Mapping Using Electromagnetic Induction to Assess the Suitability of Land for Growing Leptospermum nitens in Western Australia
URI https://doaj.org/article/5f96a76d2f524bf4b3a78ec3b27f18ad
Volume 10
WOSCitedRecordID wos000835100400001&url=https%3A%2F%2Fcvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com%2F%23%21%2Fsearch%3Fho%3Df%26include.ft.matches%3Dt%26l%3Dnull%26q%3D
hasFullText 1
inHoldings 1
isFullTextHit
isPrint
journalDatabaseRights – providerCode: PRVAON
  databaseName: WRHA-DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals
  customDbUrl:
  eissn: 2296-665X
  dateEnd: 99991231
  omitProxy: false
  ssIdentifier: ssj0001325411
  issn: 2296-665X
  databaseCode: DOA
  dateStart: 20130101
  isFulltext: true
  titleUrlDefault: https://www.doaj.org/
  providerName: Directory of Open Access Journals
– providerCode: PRVHPJ
  databaseName: ROAD: Directory of Open Access Scholarly Resources
  customDbUrl:
  eissn: 2296-665X
  dateEnd: 99991231
  omitProxy: false
  ssIdentifier: ssj0001325411
  issn: 2296-665X
  databaseCode: M~E
  dateStart: 20130101
  isFulltext: true
  titleUrlDefault: https://road.issn.org
  providerName: ISSN International Centre
– providerCode: PRVPQU
  databaseName: Biological Science Database
  customDbUrl:
  eissn: 2296-665X
  dateEnd: 99991231
  omitProxy: false
  ssIdentifier: ssj0001325411
  issn: 2296-665X
  databaseCode: M7P
  dateStart: 20131025
  isFulltext: true
  titleUrlDefault: http://search.proquest.com/biologicalscijournals
  providerName: ProQuest
– providerCode: PRVPQU
  databaseName: ProQuest Central
  customDbUrl:
  eissn: 2296-665X
  dateEnd: 99991231
  omitProxy: false
  ssIdentifier: ssj0001325411
  issn: 2296-665X
  databaseCode: BENPR
  dateStart: 20131025
  isFulltext: true
  titleUrlDefault: https://www.proquest.com/central
  providerName: ProQuest
– providerCode: PRVPQU
  databaseName: Publicly Available Content Database
  customDbUrl:
  eissn: 2296-665X
  dateEnd: 99991231
  omitProxy: false
  ssIdentifier: ssj0001325411
  issn: 2296-665X
  databaseCode: PIMPY
  dateStart: 20131025
  isFulltext: true
  titleUrlDefault: http://search.proquest.com/publiccontent
  providerName: ProQuest
– providerCode: PRVPQU
  databaseName: Science Database (subscription)
  customDbUrl:
  eissn: 2296-665X
  dateEnd: 99991231
  omitProxy: false
  ssIdentifier: ssj0001325411
  issn: 2296-665X
  databaseCode: M2P
  dateStart: 20131025
  isFulltext: true
  titleUrlDefault: https://search.proquest.com/sciencejournals
  providerName: ProQuest
link http://cvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwrV1LT9wwELYQcOilKqWo9IHm0BNSRGxv_DiWaoHDdoUKotwiP9FKbBaxWaSe-8frsdPtcmkvvSaOZXkm8Tczme8j5JPGWEcGXnmKEmbchCrhZiwXam2dCJ5lMp2biZxO1e2tvtyQ-sJ_wgo9cNm4kyZqYaTwLDZsZOPIciNVcNwyGakyHr--tdQbwVTOrvAU-FBaypgpCtMnMXRPSM_NWPIN3nD-7CDa4OvPB8vZK_JyQITwuaxkj2yF7jU5GP9pQEs3hzdwuU9-Xi1m9_DVIK3CHeSCP4yLlM3c3HXYkggox5HbFaBfQKnqQsJ5cLWa9YWW-wcsIkxM5yFhVjhPoTjOMwkPfWYOn6_mgFi0W8Ksg--FTAHWaZE35PpsfP3lohqEFCrHm1Ffaa9orSJrnObaOCYiY1F6XvtgjBdpI4VTjkkTRWCx9iJaYSUPygbsXOUHZLtbdOEtgZDwk1BKUyvMKOhgqKReGysyduDNIal_b2rrBpJx1Lq4b1OwgXZosx1atENb7HBIjtePPBSGjb8NPkVLrQciOXa-kFymHVym_ZfLvPsfk7wnL3BdmOal-gPZ7h9X4SPZdU_9bPl4RHZOx9PLb0fZK38BrZjp5g
linkProvider Directory of Open Access Journals
openUrl ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info%3Aofi%2Fenc%3AUTF-8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsummon.serialssolutions.com&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Soil+Mapping+Using+Electromagnetic+Induction+to+Assess+the+Suitability+of+Land+for+Growing+Leptospermum+nitens+in+Western+Australia&rft.jtitle=Frontiers+in+environmental+science&rft.au=Hira+Shaukat&rft.au=Ken+C.+Flower&rft.au=Ken+C.+Flower&rft.au=Matthias+Leopold&rft.date=2022-07-19&rft.pub=Frontiers+Media+S.A&rft.eissn=2296-665X&rft.volume=10&rft_id=info:doi/10.3389%2Ffenvs.2022.883533&rft.externalDBID=DOA&rft.externalDocID=oai_doaj_org_article_5f96a76d2f524bf4b3a78ec3b27f18ad
thumbnail_l http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/lc.gif&issn=2296-665X&client=summon
thumbnail_m http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/mc.gif&issn=2296-665X&client=summon
thumbnail_s http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/sc.gif&issn=2296-665X&client=summon