XeUS: A second-generation automated open-source batch-mode clinical-scale hyperpolarizer

[Display omitted] •Automated batch-mode clinical-scale xenon-129 SEOP hyperpolarizer.•XeUS second-generation device.•Near unity hyperpolarized Xenon-129 contrast agent.•Cryogen-free production cycle of 1 h. We present a second-generation open-source automated batch-mode 129Xe hyperpolarizer (XeUS GE...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Journal of magnetic resonance (1997) Vol. 319; p. 106813
Main Authors: Birchall, Jonathan R., Irwin, Robert K., Nikolaou, Panayiotis, Coffey, Aaron M., Kidd, Bryce E., Murphy, Megan, Molway, Michael, Bales, Liana B., Ranta, Kaili, Barlow, Michael J., Goodson, Boyd M., Rosen, Matthew S., Chekmenev, Eduard Y.
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: United States Elsevier Inc 01.10.2020
Subjects:
Hyperpolarization
Instrumentation
MRI
NMR
SEOP
Xenon
Instrumentation
NMR
MRI
SEOP
Hyperpolarization
Xenon
ISSN:1090-7807, 1096-0856, 1096-0856
Online Access:Get full text
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Summary:[Display omitted] •Automated batch-mode clinical-scale xenon-129 SEOP hyperpolarizer.•XeUS second-generation device.•Near unity hyperpolarized Xenon-129 contrast agent.•Cryogen-free production cycle of 1 h. We present a second-generation open-source automated batch-mode 129Xe hyperpolarizer (XeUS GEN-2), designed for clinical-scale hyperpolarized (HP) 129Xe production via spin-exchange optical pumping (SEOP) in the regimes of high Xe density (0.66–2.5 atm partial pressure) and resonant photon flux (~170 W, Δλ = 0.154 nm FWHM), without the need for cryo-collection typically employed by continuous-flow hyperpolarizers. An Arduino micro-controller was used for hyperpolarizer operation. Processing open-source software was employed to program a custom graphical user interface (GUI), capable of remote automation. The Arduino Integrated Development Environment (IDE) was used to design a variety of customized automation sequences such as temperature ramping, NMR signal acquisition, and SEOP cell refilling for increased reliability. A polycarbonate 3D-printed oven equipped with a thermo-electric cooler/heater provides thermal stability for SEOP for both binary (Xe/N2) and ternary (4He-containing) SEOP cell gas mixtures. Quantitative studies of the 129Xe hyperpolarization process demonstrate that near-unity polarization can be achieved in a 0.5 L SEOP cell. For example, %PXe of 93.2 ± 2.9% is achieved at 0.66 atm Xe pressure with polarization build-up rate constant γSEOP = 0.040 ± 0.005 min−1, giving a max dose equivalent ≈ 0.11 L/h 100% hyperpolarized, 100% enriched 129Xe; %PXe of 72.6 ± 1.4% is achieved at 1.75 atm Xe pressure with γSEOP of 0.041 ± 0.001 min−1, yielding a corresponding max dose equivalent of 0.27 L/h. Quality assurance studies on this device have demonstrated the potential to refill SEOP cells hundreds of times without significant losses in performance, with average %PXe = 71.7%, (standard deviation σP = 1.52%) and mean polarization lifetime T1 = 90.5 min, (standard deviation σT = 10.3 min) over the first ~200 gas mixture refills, with sufficient performance maintained across a further ~700 refills. These findings highlight numerous technological developments and have significant translational relevance for efficient production of gaseous HP 129Xe contrast agents for use in clinical imaging and bio-sensing techniques.
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ISSN:1090-7807
1096-0856
1096-0856
DOI:10.1016/j.jmr.2020.106813