Clinical outcomes and adverse events of nontuberculous mycobacterial lung disease treated at an Italian tertiary referral center

Treatment of NTM lung disease (NTM-LD) is based on combinations of antimycobacterial drugs. It lasts 12 months if respiratory samples become culture negative, while in refractory cases it can last up to 18–24 months. Therapeutic pathway is complicated by frequent adverse events (AEs). Sometimes, sym...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Scientific reports Vol. 15; no. 1; pp. 40133 - 11
Main Authors: Carli, Serena Maria, Mencarini, Paola, Licata, Maria Angela Vittoria, Musso, Maria, Cerva, Carlotta, Mastrobattista, Annelisa, Vittozzi, Pietro, Mosti, Silvia, Nisii, Carla, Mazzarelli, Antonio, Navarra, Assunta, De Carli, Gabriella, Ianniello, Stefania, Palmieri, Fabrizio, Gualano, Gina
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: London Nature Publishing Group UK 17.11.2025
Nature Publishing Group
Nature Portfolio
Subjects:
631/326
692/1807
692/699
692/700
Adverse events
Aged
Anti-Bacterial Agents - adverse effects
Anti-Bacterial Agents - therapeutic use
Clinical outcomes
Congenital diseases
Data collection
Drugs
Female
Generalized linear models
Hospitals
Humanities and Social Sciences
Humans
Infectious diseases
Italy - epidemiology
Laboratories
Lung diseases
Lung Diseases - drug therapy
Lung Diseases - microbiology
Male
Medical records
Medical treatment
Middle Aged
multidisciplinary
Mycobacterium Infections, Nontuberculous - drug therapy
Mycobacterium Infections, Nontuberculous - microbiology
Nontuberculous Mycobacteria - drug effects
Nontuberculous mycobacterial lung disease treatment
Observational studies
Pathogens
Patients
Quality of life
Retrospective Studies
Science
Science (multidisciplinary)
Side effects
Tertiary Care Centers
Treatment Outcome
Tuberculosis
Italy
Nontuberculous mycobacterial lung disease treatment
Adverse events
Treatment outcome
ISSN:2045-2322, 2045-2322
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Summary:Treatment of NTM lung disease (NTM-LD) is based on combinations of antimycobacterial drugs. It lasts 12 months if respiratory samples become culture negative, while in refractory cases it can last up to 18–24 months. Therapeutic pathway is complicated by frequent adverse events (AEs). Sometimes, symptomatic therapy is not sufficient to control AEs, making necessary to suspend the drug involved or the entire treatment. This study aims to describe the frequency and type of AEs in patients with NTM-LD and to evaluate their impact on the outcomes of treatment. This is a retrospective observational study. We analysed clinical data, regimen composition, AEs and outcomes of NTM-LD patients followed between January 2016 and June 2023 at the National Institute for Infectious Diseases “L. Spallanzani” in Rome. Out of 131 patients, fifty-eight (44.3%) were men; median age was 66 years (IQR: 56–73). One hundred (76.3%) developed AEs. Total AEs were 229, of which 81 were serious adverse events (SAEs). Cure was obtained in 113 cases (86.3%), therapeutic failure occurred in 10 (7.6%), 6 patients died (4.6%), and 2 (1.5%) were lost-to-follow-up. Despite of AEs, most patients were able to complete treatment with appropriate management and monitoring. AEs affect patient quality of life and treatment adherence. Therefore, it is important to identify factors that can predict and prevent them. Clear and detailed information about drug side effects, with instructions to follow in case of AEs, active monitoring at every contact, flexibility and accessibility to healthcare professionals are key factors for therapy success.
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ISSN:2045-2322
2045-2322
DOI:10.1038/s41598-025-23847-6