Efficacy of innovative therapies in myasthenia gravis: A systematic review, meta‐analysis and network meta‐analysis

Background and purpose Therapy for myasthenia gravis (MG) is undergoing a profound change, with new treatments being tested. These include complement inhibitors and neonatal Fc receptor (FcRn) blockers. The aim of this study was to perform a meta‐analysis and network meta‐analysis of randomized and...

Ausführliche Beschreibung

Gespeichert in:
Bibliographische Detailangaben
Veröffentlicht in:European journal of neurology Jg. 30; H. 12; S. 3854 - 3867
Hauptverfasser: Saccà, Francesco, Pane, Chiara, Espinosa, Pablo Ezequiel, Sormani, Maria Pia, Signori, Alessio
Format: Journal Article
Sprache:Englisch
Veröffentlicht: England John Wiley & Sons, Inc 01.12.2023
Schlagworte:
Activities of Daily Living
Clinical trials
comparative
Complement
Complement Inactivating Agents - therapeutic use
complement inhibitor
Complement inhibitors
Confidence intervals
Effectiveness
Fc receptors
FcRn inhibitor
Heterogeneity
Humans
Immunotherapy
Infant, Newborn
Inhibitors
innovative treatment
Meta-analysis
Monoclonal antibodies
Myasthenia gravis
Myasthenia Gravis - drug therapy
Neonates
Neuromuscular junctions
Placebos
Rituximab
Rituximab - therapeutic use
Statistical analysis
Statistical methods
Therapies, Investigational
trial
complement inhibitor
innovative treatment
FcRn inhibitor
trial
comparative
ISSN:1351-5101, 1468-1331, 1468-1331
Online-Zugang:Volltext
Tags: Tag hinzufügen
Keine Tags, Fügen Sie den ersten Tag hinzu!
Beschreibung
Zusammenfassung:Background and purpose Therapy for myasthenia gravis (MG) is undergoing a profound change, with new treatments being tested. These include complement inhibitors and neonatal Fc receptor (FcRn) blockers. The aim of this study was to perform a meta‐analysis and network meta‐analysis of randomized and placebo‐controlled trials of innovative therapies in MG with available efficacy data. Methods We assessed statistical heterogeneity across trials based on the Cochrane Q test and I2 values, and mean differences were pooled using the random‐effects model. Treatment efficacy was assessed after 26 weeks of eculizumab and ravulizumab, 28 days of efgartigimod, 43 days of rozanolixizumab, 12 weeks of zilucoplan, and 16, 24 or 52 weeks of rituximab treatment. Results We observed an overall mean Myasthenia Gravis‐Activities of Daily Living scale (MG‐ADL) score change of −2.17 points (95% confidence interval [CI] −2.67, −1.67; p < 0.001) as compared to placebo. No significant difference emerged between complement inhibitors and anti‐FcRn treatment (p = 0.16). The change in Quantitative Myasthenia Gravis scale (QMG) score was −3.46 (95% CI −4.53, −2.39; p < 0.001), with a higher reduction with FcRns (−4.78 vs. −2.60; p < 0.001). Rituximab did not significantly improve the MG‐ADL (−0.92 [95% CI −2.24, 0.39]; p = 0.17) or QMG scores (−1.9 [95% CI −3.97, 0.18]; p = 0.07). In the network meta‐analysis, efgartigimod had the highest probability of being the best treatment, followed by rozanolixizumab. Conclusion Anti‐complement and FcRn treatments both proved to be effective in MG patients, whereas rituximab did not show a significant benefit for patients. Within the limitations of this meta‐analysis, including efficacy time points, FcRn treatments showed a greater effect on QMG score in the short term. Real‐life studies with long‐term measurements are needed to confirm our results.
Bibliographie:See commentary by A. A. Habib and C. Schneider‐Gold on page 3644.
ObjectType-Article-1
SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1
ObjectType-Feature-2
content type line 14
ObjectType-Undefined-1
content type line 23
ObjectType-Article-3
ISSN:1351-5101
1468-1331
1468-1331
DOI:10.1111/ene.15872