Kinetic Perimetry on Virtual Reality Headset

Objective : We present a portable automatic kinetic perimeter based on a virtual reality (VR) headset device as an innovative and alternative solution for the screening of clinical visual fields. We compared the performances of our solution with a gold standard perimeter, validating the test on heal...

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Vydáno v:	IEEE transactions on biomedical circuits and systems Ročník 17; číslo 3; s. 413 - 419
Hlavní autoři:	Terracciano, Rossana, Mascolo, Alice, Venturo, Laura, Guidi, Federica, Vaira, Mariangela, Eandi, Chiara M., Demarchi, Danilo
Médium:	Journal Article
Jazyk:	angličtina
Vydáno:	United States IEEE 01.06.2023 The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE)
Témata:	Adult Aged Aged, 80 and over Algorithms Computer applications Female Headphones Headsets Healthy Volunteers Humans Kinetic theory Kinetic visual field Kinetics Male Middle Aged ophthalmology Performance evaluation Portable equipment portable medical devices Reproducibility of Results Testing Virtual Reality Visual field Visual Field Tests - instrumentation Visual Field Tests - methods Visual fields Visualization wearable Wearable Electronic Devices Young Adult
ISSN:	1932-4545, 1940-9990, 1940-9990
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Abstract	Objective : We present a portable automatic kinetic perimeter based on a virtual reality (VR) headset device as an innovative and alternative solution for the screening of clinical visual fields. We compared the performances of our solution with a gold standard perimeter, validating the test on healthy subjects. Methods: The system is composed of an Oculus Quest 2 VR headset with a clicker for participant response feedback. An Android app was designed in Unity to generate moving stimuli along vectors, following a standard Goldmann kinetic perimetry approach. Sensitivity thresholds are obtained by moving centripetally three different targets (V/4e, IV/1e, III/1e) along 24 or 12 vectors from an area of non-seeing to an area of seeing and then transmitted wirelessly to a PC. A Python real-time algorithm processes the incoming kinetic results and displays the hill of vision in a two-dimensional map (isopter). We involved 21 subjects (5 males and 16 females, age range 22-73 years) for a total of 42 eyes tested with our proposed solution, and results were compared with a Humphrey visual field analyzer to test reproducibility and efficacy. Results: isopters generated with the Oculus headset were in good agreement with those acquired with a commercial device (Pearson's correlation values r > 0.83 for each target). Conclusions: we demonstrate the feasibility of VR kinetic perimetry by comparing performances between our system and a clinically used perimeter in healthy subjects. Significance: proposed device leads the way for a portable and more accessible visual field test, overcoming challenges in current kinetic perimetry practices.
AbstractList	We present a portable automatic kinetic perimeter based on a virtual reality (VR) headset device as an innovative and alternative solution for the screening of clinical visual fields. We compared the performances of our solution with a gold standard perimeter, validating the test on healthy subjects.OBJECTIVEWe present a portable automatic kinetic perimeter based on a virtual reality (VR) headset device as an innovative and alternative solution for the screening of clinical visual fields. We compared the performances of our solution with a gold standard perimeter, validating the test on healthy subjects.The system is composed of an Oculus Quest 2 VR headset with a clicker for participant response feedback. An Android app was designed in Unity to generate moving stimuli along vectors, following a standard Goldmann kinetic perimetry approach. Sensitivity thresholds are obtained by moving centripetally three different targets (V/4e, IV/1e, III/1e) along 24 or 12 vectors from an area of non-seeing to an area of seeing and then transmitted wirelessly to a PC. A Python real-time algorithm processes the incoming kinetic results and displays the hill of vision in a two-dimensional map (isopter). We involved 21 subjects (5 males and 16 females, age range 22-73 years) for a total of 42 eyes tested with our proposed solution, and results were compared with a Humphrey visual field analyzer to test reproducibility and efficacy.METHODSThe system is composed of an Oculus Quest 2 VR headset with a clicker for participant response feedback. An Android app was designed in Unity to generate moving stimuli along vectors, following a standard Goldmann kinetic perimetry approach. Sensitivity thresholds are obtained by moving centripetally three different targets (V/4e, IV/1e, III/1e) along 24 or 12 vectors from an area of non-seeing to an area of seeing and then transmitted wirelessly to a PC. A Python real-time algorithm processes the incoming kinetic results and displays the hill of vision in a two-dimensional map (isopter). We involved 21 subjects (5 males and 16 females, age range 22-73 years) for a total of 42 eyes tested with our proposed solution, and results were compared with a Humphrey visual field analyzer to test reproducibility and efficacy.isopters generated with the Oculus headset were in good agreement with those acquired with a commercial device (Pearson's correlation values r > 0.83 for each target).RESULTSisopters generated with the Oculus headset were in good agreement with those acquired with a commercial device (Pearson's correlation values r > 0.83 for each target).we demonstrate the feasibility of VR kinetic perimetry by comparing performances between our system and a clinically used perimeter in healthy subjects.CONCLUSIONSwe demonstrate the feasibility of VR kinetic perimetry by comparing performances between our system and a clinically used perimeter in healthy subjects.proposed device leads the way for a portable and more accessible visual field test, overcoming challenges in current kinetic perimetry practices.SIGNIFICANCEproposed device leads the way for a portable and more accessible visual field test, overcoming challenges in current kinetic perimetry practices. We present a portable automatic kinetic perimeter based on a virtual reality (VR) headset device as an innovative and alternative solution for the screening of clinical visual fields. We compared the performances of our solution with a gold standard perimeter, validating the test on healthy subjects. The system is composed of an Oculus Quest 2 VR headset with a clicker for participant response feedback. An Android app was designed in Unity to generate moving stimuli along vectors, following a standard Goldmann kinetic perimetry approach. Sensitivity thresholds are obtained by moving centripetally three different targets (V/4e, IV/1e, III/1e) along 24 or 12 vectors from an area of non-seeing to an area of seeing and then transmitted wirelessly to a PC. A Python real-time algorithm processes the incoming kinetic results and displays the hill of vision in a two-dimensional map (isopter). We involved 21 subjects (5 males and 16 females, age range 22-73 years) for a total of 42 eyes tested with our proposed solution, and results were compared with a Humphrey visual field analyzer to test reproducibility and efficacy. isopters generated with the Oculus headset were in good agreement with those acquired with a commercial device (Pearson's correlation values r > 0.83 for each target). we demonstrate the feasibility of VR kinetic perimetry by comparing performances between our system and a clinically used perimeter in healthy subjects. proposed device leads the way for a portable and more accessible visual field test, overcoming challenges in current kinetic perimetry practices. Objective : We present a portable automatic kinetic perimeter based on a virtual reality (VR) headset device as an innovative and alternative solution for the screening of clinical visual fields. We compared the performances of our solution with a gold standard perimeter, validating the test on healthy subjects. Methods: The system is composed of an Oculus Quest 2 VR headset with a clicker for participant response feedback. An Android app was designed in Unity to generate moving stimuli along vectors, following a standard Goldmann kinetic perimetry approach. Sensitivity thresholds are obtained by moving centripetally three different targets (V/4e, IV/1e, III/1e) along 24 or 12 vectors from an area of non-seeing to an area of seeing and then transmitted wirelessly to a PC. A Python real-time algorithm processes the incoming kinetic results and displays the hill of vision in a two-dimensional map (isopter). We involved 21 subjects (5 males and 16 females, age range 22-73 years) for a total of 42 eyes tested with our proposed solution, and results were compared with a Humphrey visual field analyzer to test reproducibility and efficacy. Results: isopters generated with the Oculus headset were in good agreement with those acquired with a commercial device (Pearson's correlation values r > 0.83 for each target). Conclusions: we demonstrate the feasibility of VR kinetic perimetry by comparing performances between our system and a clinically used perimeter in healthy subjects. Significance: proposed device leads the way for a portable and more accessible visual field test, overcoming challenges in current kinetic perimetry practices.
Author	Demarchi, Danilo Terracciano, Rossana Vaira, Mariangela Mascolo, Alice Eandi, Chiara M. Guidi, Federica Venturo, Laura
Author_xml	– sequence: 1 givenname: Rossana orcidid: 0000-0001-5026-0589 surname: Terracciano fullname: Terracciano, Rossana email: ross.terracciano@gmail.com organization: Department of Electronics and Telecommunications, Politecnico di Torino, Torino, Italy – sequence: 2 givenname: Alice surname: Mascolo fullname: Mascolo, Alice email: alice.mascolo@studenti.polito.it organization: Department of Electronics and Telecommunications, Politecnico di Torino, Torino, Italy – sequence: 3 givenname: Laura surname: Venturo fullname: Venturo, Laura email: 258709@edu.unito.it organization: School of Orthoptic, Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy – sequence: 4 givenname: Federica surname: Guidi fullname: Guidi, Federica email: federica.guidi@edu.unito.it organization: School of Orthoptic, Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy – sequence: 5 givenname: Mariangela surname: Vaira fullname: Vaira, Mariangela email: mariangela.vaira@unito.it organization: School of Orthoptic, Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy – sequence: 6 givenname: Chiara M. surname: Eandi fullname: Eandi, Chiara M. email: chiara.eandi@unito.it organization: School of Orthoptic, Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy – sequence: 7 givenname: Danilo orcidid: 0000-0001-5374-1679 surname: Demarchi fullname: Demarchi, Danilo email: danilo.demarchi@polito.it organization: Department of Electronics and Telecommunications, Politecnico di Torino, Torino, Italy
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SubjectTerms	Adult Aged Aged, 80 and over Algorithms Computer applications Female Headphones Headsets Healthy Volunteers Humans Kinetic theory Kinetic visual field Kinetics Male Middle Aged ophthalmology Performance evaluation Portable equipment portable medical devices Reproducibility of Results Testing Virtual Reality Visual field Visual Field Tests - instrumentation Visual Field Tests - methods Visual fields Visualization wearable Wearable Electronic Devices Young Adult
Title	Kinetic Perimetry on Virtual Reality Headset
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