Effect of micro-dams on water flow characteristics in furrow irrigation

Surface irrigation, particularly furrow irrigation, is the most common method of water application into agricultural lands. Despite all its advantages, furrow irrigation has some demerits, such as a potential large volume of runoff losses. In this research, an approach was proposed to reduce runoff...

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Published in:	Irrigation science Vol. 38; no. 3; pp. 307 - 319
Main Authors:	Keshavarz, Mohammad Sadegh, Ebrahimian, Hamed, Abbasi, Fariborz, Playán, Enrique
Format:	Journal Article
Language:	English
Published:	Berlin/Heidelberg Springer Berlin Heidelberg 01.05.2020 Springer Nature B.V
Subjects:	agricultural colleges Agricultural land Agricultural management Agriculture Aquatic Pollution Biomedical and Life Sciences Climate Change Dams Environment farms Field tests Flow characteristics Furrow irrigation Furrows Infiltration Inflow Iran Irrigation Life Sciences Natural resources Original Paper Runoff soil Soil conservation Soil water Soils summer Surface irrigation Sustainable Development Volume transport Waste Water Technology Water Water conservation Water flow Water Industry/Water Technologies Water Management Water Pollution Control Iran
ISSN:	0342-7188, 1432-1319
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Abstract	Surface irrigation, particularly furrow irrigation, is the most common method of water application into agricultural lands. Despite all its advantages, furrow irrigation has some demerits, such as a potential large volume of runoff losses. In this research, an approach was proposed to reduce runoff losses and to improve water flow characteristics by creating micro-dams, barriers inside the irrigated furrows. To control water flow and increase infiltration into the soil, experimental micro-dams were created at distances of 10 and 20 m, with a height of 5 cm. Field experiments were conducted at the research farm of the College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran in summer of 2018. Two erosive inflow rates (0.6 and 0.9 L/s) were considered. Furrow length and spacing were 100 and 0.75 m, respectively. Results indicated that micro-dams increased the advance time, leading to increased infiltration. Micro-dams also increased the recession time, due to the increase in overland water volume. Moreover, results showed that in treatments with micro-dams, runoff was reduced by up to 45.3% in comparison to the control treatment. The change in furrow cross-sectional area during the irrigation event was also reduced. Micro-dams showed a great potential to reduce irrigation runoff losses, and should be considered as a management practice aiming at water and soil conservation.
AbstractList	Surface irrigation, particularly furrow irrigation, is the most common method of water application into agricultural lands. Despite all its advantages, furrow irrigation has some demerits, such as a potential large volume of runoff losses. In this research, an approach was proposed to reduce runoff losses and to improve water flow characteristics by creating micro-dams, barriers inside the irrigated furrows. To control water flow and increase infiltration into the soil, experimental micro-dams were created at distances of 10 and 20 m, with a height of 5 cm. Field experiments were conducted at the research farm of the College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran in summer of 2018. Two erosive inflow rates (0.6 and 0.9 L/s) were considered. Furrow length and spacing were 100 and 0.75 m, respectively. Results indicated that micro-dams increased the advance time, leading to increased infiltration. Micro-dams also increased the recession time, due to the increase in overland water volume. Moreover, results showed that in treatments with micro-dams, runoff was reduced by up to 45.3% in comparison to the control treatment. The change in furrow cross-sectional area during the irrigation event was also reduced. Micro-dams showed a great potential to reduce irrigation runoff losses, and should be considered as a management practice aiming at water and soil conservation. Surface irrigation, particularly furrow irrigation, is the most common method of water application into agricultural lands. Despite all its advantages, furrow irrigation has some demerits, such as a potential large volume of runoff losses. In this research, an approach was proposed to reduce runoff losses and to improve water flow characteristics by creating micro-dams, barriers inside the irrigated furrows. To control water flow and increase infiltration into the soil, experimental micro-dams were created at distances of 10 and 20 m, with a height of 5 cm. Field experiments were conducted at the research farm of the College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran in summer of 2018. Two erosive inflow rates (0.6 and 0.9 L/s) were considered. Furrow length and spacing were 100 and 0.75 m, respectively. Results indicated that micro-dams increased the advance time, leading to increased infiltration. Micro-dams also increased the recession time, due to the increase in overland water volume. Moreover, results showed that in treatments with micro-dams, runoff was reduced by up to 45.3% in comparison to the control treatment. The change in furrow cross-sectional area during the irrigation event was also reduced. Micro-dams showed a great potential to reduce irrigation runoff losses, and should be considered as a management practice aiming at water and soil conservation.
Author	Keshavarz, Mohammad Sadegh Abbasi, Fariborz Playán, Enrique Ebrahimian, Hamed
Author_xml	– sequence: 1 givenname: Mohammad Sadegh surname: Keshavarz fullname: Keshavarz, Mohammad Sadegh organization: Department of Irrigation and Reclamation Engineering, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran – sequence: 2 givenname: Hamed orcidid: 0000-0002-7338-4872 surname: Ebrahimian fullname: Ebrahimian, Hamed email: ebrahimian@ut.ac.ir organization: Department of Irrigation and Reclamation Engineering, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran – sequence: 3 givenname: Fariborz surname: Abbasi fullname: Abbasi, Fariborz organization: Agricultural Engineering Research Institute (AERI), Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO) – sequence: 4 givenname: Enrique surname: Playán fullname: Playán, Enrique organization: Soil and Water Department, Estación Experimental de Aula Dei, EEAD-CSIC
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Cites_doi	10.13031/2013.31252 10.1002/ird.2118 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9437(2003)129:4(237) 10.5424/sjar/2012103-585-11 10.1007/s00271-005-0004-x 10.1007/s00271-016-0509-5 10.1016/j.biosystemseng.2003.07.004 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9437(1992)118:5(791) 10.1002/ird.2176 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9437(1994)120:3(617) 10.1016/j.agwat.2018.03.014 10.1007/s12205-014-1343-z 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9437(1992)118:6(981) 10.1061/(ASCE)IR.1943-4774.0000932 10.1016/j.agwat.2019.04.029
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Snippet	Surface irrigation, particularly furrow irrigation, is the most common method of water application into agricultural lands. Despite all its advantages, furrow...
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SubjectTerms	agricultural colleges Agricultural land Agricultural management Agriculture Aquatic Pollution Biomedical and Life Sciences Climate Change Dams Environment farms Field tests Flow characteristics Furrow irrigation Furrows Infiltration Inflow Iran Irrigation Life Sciences Natural resources Original Paper Runoff soil Soil conservation Soil water Soils summer Surface irrigation Sustainable Development Volume transport Waste Water Technology Water Water conservation Water flow Water Industry/Water Technologies Water Management Water Pollution Control
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Title	Effect of micro-dams on water flow characteristics in furrow irrigation
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