Epidermal self-powered sweat sensors for glucose and lactate monitoring

Sweat could be a carrier of informative biomarkers for health status identification; therefore, wearable sweat sensors have attracted significant attention for research. An external power source is an important component of wearable sensors, however, the current power supplies, i.e., batteries, limi...

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Veröffentlicht in:	Bio-design and manufacturing Jg. 5; H. 1; S. 201 - 209
Hauptverfasser:	Huang, Xingcan, Li, Jiyu, Liu, Yiming, Wong, Tszhung, Su, Jingyou, Yao, Kuanming, Zhou, Jingkun, Huang, Ya, Li, Hu, Li, Dengfeng, Wu, Mengge, Song, Enming, Han, Shijiao, Yu, Xinge
Format:	Journal Article
Sprache:	Englisch
Veröffentlicht:	Singapore Springer Singapore 01.01.2022 Springer Nature B.V
Schlagworte:	Alcohol Biodiesel fuels Biofuels Biomarkers Biomaterials Biomedical Engineering and Bioengineering Biosensors Electrodes Engineering Enzymes Ethanol Glucose Graphene Lactic acid Mechanical Engineering Mechanical properties Microfluidics Plasma etching Polydimethylsiloxane Printing Research Article Sensors Silicon wafers Skin Sweat United States > US Sweat sensor Enzymatic biofuel cells Epidermal electronics Self-powered Microfluidics
ISSN:	2096-5524, 2522-8552
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Abstract	Sweat could be a carrier of informative biomarkers for health status identification; therefore, wearable sweat sensors have attracted significant attention for research. An external power source is an important component of wearable sensors, however, the current power supplies, i.e., batteries, limit further shrinking down the size of these devices and thus limit their application areas and scenarios. Herein, we report a stretchable self-powered biosensor with epidermal electronic format that enables the in situ detection of lactate and glucose concentration in sweat. Enzymatic biofuel cells serve as self-powered sensing modules allowing the sweat sensor to exhibit a determination coefficient ( R 2 ) of 0.98 with a sensitivity of 2.48 mV/mM for lactate detection, and R 2 of 0.96 with a sensitivity of 0.11 mV/μM for glucose detection. The microfluidic channels developed in an ultra-thin soft flexible polydimethylsiloxane layer not only enable the effective collection of sweat, but also provide excellent mechanical properties with stable performance output even under 30% stretching. The presented soft sweat sensors can be integrated at nearly any location of the body for the continuous monitoring of lactate and glucose changes during normal daily activities such as exercise. Our results provide a promising approach to develop next-generation sweat sensors for real-time and in situ sweat analysis. Graphic abstract
AbstractList	Sweat could be a carrier of informative biomarkers for health status identification; therefore, wearable sweat sensors have attracted significant attention for research. An external power source is an important component of wearable sensors, however, the current power supplies, i.e., batteries, limit further shrinking down the size of these devices and thus limit their application areas and scenarios. Herein, we report a stretchable self-powered biosensor with epidermal electronic format that enables the in situ detection of lactate and glucose concentration in sweat. Enzymatic biofuel cells serve as self-powered sensing modules allowing the sweat sensor to exhibit a determination coefficient (R2) of 0.98 with a sensitivity of 2.48 mV/mM for lactate detection, and R2 of 0.96 with a sensitivity of 0.11 mV/μM for glucose detection. The microfluidic channels developed in an ultra-thin soft flexible polydimethylsiloxane layer not only enable the effective collection of sweat, but also provide excellent mechanical properties with stable performance output even under 30% stretching. The presented soft sweat sensors can be integrated at nearly any location of the body for the continuous monitoring of lactate and glucose changes during normal daily activities such as exercise. Our results provide a promising approach to develop next-generation sweat sensors for real-time and in situ sweat analysis.Graphic abstract Sweat could be a carrier of informative biomarkers for health status identification; therefore, wearable sweat sensors have attracted significant attention for research. An external power source is an important component of wearable sensors, however, the current power supplies, i.e., batteries, limit further shrinking down the size of these devices and thus limit their application areas and scenarios. Herein, we report a stretchable self-powered biosensor with epidermal electronic format that enables the in situ detection of lactate and glucose concentration in sweat. Enzymatic biofuel cells serve as self-powered sensing modules allowing the sweat sensor to exhibit a determination coefficient ( R 2 ) of 0.98 with a sensitivity of 2.48 mV/mM for lactate detection, and R 2 of 0.96 with a sensitivity of 0.11 mV/μM for glucose detection. The microfluidic channels developed in an ultra-thin soft flexible polydimethylsiloxane layer not only enable the effective collection of sweat, but also provide excellent mechanical properties with stable performance output even under 30% stretching. The presented soft sweat sensors can be integrated at nearly any location of the body for the continuous monitoring of lactate and glucose changes during normal daily activities such as exercise. Our results provide a promising approach to develop next-generation sweat sensors for real-time and in situ sweat analysis. Graphic abstract
Author	Yu, Xinge Wong, Tszhung Su, Jingyou Yao, Kuanming Li, Dengfeng Li, Jiyu Liu, Yiming Zhou, Jingkun Li, Hu Huang, Ya Song, Enming Han, Shijiao Huang, Xingcan Wu, Mengge
Author_xml	– sequence: 1 givenname: Xingcan surname: Huang fullname: Huang, Xingcan organization: Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong – sequence: 2 givenname: Jiyu surname: Li fullname: Li, Jiyu organization: Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong – sequence: 3 givenname: Yiming surname: Liu fullname: Liu, Yiming organization: Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong – sequence: 4 givenname: Tszhung surname: Wong fullname: Wong, Tszhung organization: Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong – sequence: 5 givenname: Jingyou surname: Su fullname: Su, Jingyou organization: Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong – sequence: 6 givenname: Kuanming surname: Yao fullname: Yao, Kuanming organization: Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong – sequence: 7 givenname: Jingkun surname: Zhou fullname: Zhou, Jingkun organization: Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong – sequence: 8 givenname: Ya surname: Huang fullname: Huang, Ya organization: Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong – sequence: 9 givenname: Hu surname: Li fullname: Li, Hu organization: Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong – sequence: 10 givenname: Dengfeng surname: Li fullname: Li, Dengfeng organization: Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong – sequence: 11 givenname: Mengge surname: Wu fullname: Wu, Mengge organization: Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong – sequence: 12 givenname: Enming surname: Song fullname: Song, Enming organization: Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong – sequence: 13 givenname: Shijiao surname: Han fullname: Han, Shijiao organization: School of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China – sequence: 14 givenname: Xinge orcidid: 0000-0003-0522-1171 surname: Yu fullname: Yu, Xinge email: xingeyu@cityu.edu.hk organization: Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong
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SubjectTerms	Alcohol Biodiesel fuels Biofuels Biomarkers Biomaterials Biomedical Engineering and Bioengineering Biosensors Electrodes Engineering Enzymes Ethanol Glucose Graphene Lactic acid Mechanical Engineering Mechanical properties Microfluidics Plasma etching Polydimethylsiloxane Printing Research Article Sensors Silicon wafers Skin Sweat
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Title	Epidermal self-powered sweat sensors for glucose and lactate monitoring
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