Ultrafast electron diffraction: Visualizing dynamic states of matter

Since the discovery of electron-wave duality, electron scattering instrumentation has developed into a powerful array of techniques for revealing the atomic structure of matter. Beyond detecting local lattice variations in equilibrium structures with the highest possible spatial resolution, recent r...

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Vydáno v:Reviews of modern physics Ročník 94; číslo 4; s. 1
Hlavní autoři: Filippetto, D., Musumeci, P., Li, R. K., Siwick, B. J., Otto, M. R., Centurion, M., Nunes, J. P. F.
Médium: Journal Article
Jazyk:angličtina
Vydáno: College Park American Institute of Physics 06.12.2022
American Physical Society
Témata:
Atomic structure
Chemical reactions
Coupling (molecular)
Electron beams
Electron diffraction
Electron probes
Electron pulses
Information retrieval
Molecular structure
Phase transitions
Scattering
Spatial resolution
Ultrafast lasers
Wave diffraction
ISSN:0034-6861, 1539-0756
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Abstract Since the discovery of electron-wave duality, electron scattering instrumentation has developed into a powerful array of techniques for revealing the atomic structure of matter. Beyond detecting local lattice variations in equilibrium structures with the highest possible spatial resolution, recent research efforts have been directed toward the long-sought-after dream of visualizing the dynamic evolution of matter in real time. The atomic behavior at ultrafast timescales carries critical information on phase transition and chemical reaction dynamics, the coupling of electronic and nuclear degrees of freedom in materials and molecules, and the correlation among structure, function, and previously hidden metastable or nonequilibrium states of matter. Ultrafast electron pulses play an essential role in this scientific endeavor, and their generation has been facilitated by rapid technical advances in both ultrafast laser and particle accelerator technologies. This review presents a summary of the noteworthy developments in this field in the last few decades. The physics and technology of ultrafast electron beams is presented with an emphasis on the figures of merit most relevant for ultrafast electron diffraction experiments. Recent developments in the generation, manipulation, and characterization of ultrashort electron beams aimed at improving the combined spatiotemporal resolution of these measurements are discussed. The fundamentals of electron scattering from atomic matter and the theoretical frameworks for retrieving dynamic structural information from solid-state and gas-phase samples is described. Essential experimental techniques and several landmark works that have applied these approaches are also highlighted to demonstrate the widening applicability of these methods. Ultrafast electron probes with ever-improving capabilities, combined with other complementary photon-based or spectroscopic approaches, hold tremendous potential for revolutionizing our ability to observe and understand energy and matter at atomic scales.
AbstractList Since the discovery of electron-wave duality, electron scattering instrumentation has developed into a powerful array of techniques for revealing the atomic structure of matter. Beyond detecting local lattice variations in equilibrium structures with the highest possible spatial resolution, recent research efforts have been directed toward the long-sought-after dream of visualizing the dynamic evolution of matter in real time. The atomic behavior at ultrafast timescales carries critical information on phase transition and chemical reaction dynamics, the coupling of electronic and nuclear degrees of freedom in materials and molecules, and the correlation among structure, function, and previously hidden metastable or nonequilibrium states of matter. Ultrafast electron pulses play an essential role in this scientific endeavor, and their generation has been facilitated by rapid technical advances in both ultrafast laser and particle accelerator technologies. This review presents a summary of the noteworthy developments in this field in the last few decades. The physics and technology of ultrafast electron beams is presented with an emphasis on the figures of merit most relevant for ultrafast electron diffraction experiments. Recent developments in the generation, manipulation, and characterization of ultrashort electron beams aimed at improving the combined spatiotemporal resolution of these measurements are discussed. The fundamentals of electron scattering from atomic matter and the theoretical frameworks for retrieving dynamic structural information from solid-state and gas-phase samples is described. Essential experimental techniques and several landmark works that have applied these approaches are also highlighted to demonstrate the widening applicability of these methods. Ultrafast electron probes with ever-improving capabilities, combined with other complementary photon-based or spectroscopic approaches, hold tremendous potential for revolutionizing our ability to observe and understand energy and matter at atomic scales.
ArticleNumber 045004
Author Musumeci, P.
Li, R. K.
Otto, M. R.
Filippetto, D.
Siwick, B. J.
Nunes, J. P. F.
Centurion, M.
Author_xml – sequence: 1
  givenname: D.
  orcidid: 0000-0001-5831-860X
  surname: Filippetto
  fullname: Filippetto, D.
– sequence: 2
  givenname: P.
  orcidid: 0000-0003-3985-7274
  surname: Musumeci
  fullname: Musumeci, P.
– sequence: 3
  givenname: R. K.
  surname: Li
  fullname: Li, R. K.
– sequence: 4
  givenname: B. J.
  surname: Siwick
  fullname: Siwick, B. J.
– sequence: 5
  givenname: M. R.
  surname: Otto
  fullname: Otto, M. R.
– sequence: 6
  givenname: M.
  orcidid: 0000-0002-5662-2293
  surname: Centurion
  fullname: Centurion, M.
– sequence: 7
  givenname: J. P. F.
  orcidid: 0000-0003-0670-6023
  surname: Nunes
  fullname: Nunes, J. P. F.
BackLink https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1907719$$D View this record in Osti.gov
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Snippet Since the discovery of electron-wave duality, electron scattering instrumentation has developed into a powerful array of techniques for revealing the atomic...
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SubjectTerms Atomic structure
Chemical reactions
Coupling (molecular)
Electron beams
Electron diffraction
Electron probes
Electron pulses
Information retrieval
Molecular structure
Phase transitions
Scattering
Spatial resolution
Ultrafast lasers
Wave diffraction
Title Ultrafast electron diffraction: Visualizing dynamic states of matter
URI https://www.proquest.com/docview/2763528671
https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1907719
Volume 94
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