Levofloxacin Preventive Treatment in Children Exposed to MDR Tuberculosis
In this randomized, controlled trial involving children with household exposure to multidrug-resistant tuberculosis, levofloxacin led to a lower incidence of tuberculosis than placebo, but the difference was not significant.
Gespeichert in:
| Veröffentlicht in: | The New England journal of medicine Jg. 391; H. 24; S. 2315 - 2326 |
|---|---|
| Hauptverfasser: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
| Format: | Journal Article |
| Sprache: | Englisch |
| Veröffentlicht: |
United States
Massachusetts Medical Society
19.12.2024
|
| Schlagworte: | |
| ISSN: | 0028-4793, 1533-4406, 1533-4406 |
| Online-Zugang: | Volltext |
| Tags: |
Tag hinzufügen
Keine Tags, Fügen Sie den ersten Tag hinzu!
|
| Abstract | In this randomized, controlled trial involving children with household exposure to multidrug-resistant tuberculosis, levofloxacin led to a lower incidence of tuberculosis than placebo, but the difference was not significant. |
|---|---|
| AbstractList | AbstractBackgroundWorldwide, approximately 2 million children younger than 15 years of age are infected with multidrug-resistant (MDR) Mycobacterium tuberculosis, with MDR tuberculosis developing in approximately 30,000 annually. Evidence from randomized, controlled trials on tuberculosis preventive treatment in persons exposed to MDR tuberculosis is lacking.MethodsIn this community-based, multisite, double-blind, cluster-randomized, placebo-controlled trial in South Africa, we assessed the efficacy and safety of levofloxacin as preventive treatment in children with household exposure to an adult with bacteriologically confirmed MDR pulmonary tuberculosis. Children younger than 5 years of age were eligible for inclusion regardless of interferon-γ release assay result or human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) status, and children 5 to 17 years of age were eligible if they had a positive interferon-γ release assay or HIV infection. Households were randomly assigned to a trial regimen, and children in the household received levofloxacin or placebo once daily for 24 weeks. The primary efficacy end point was incident tuberculosis, which included death from tuberculosis, by week 48 after randomization. The primary safety end point was any adverse event of grade 3 or higher during the treatment period that was at least possibly related to the trial regimen.ResultsOf 922 participants from 497 households, 453 were assigned to receive levofloxacin and 469 to placebo; 91.0% of the participants were younger than 5 years of age. At least 80% of the assigned doses of levofloxacin or placebo were received by 86% of the participants in each trial group. By week 48, tuberculosis had developed in 5 participants (1.1%) in the levofloxacin group and in 12 participants (2.6%) in the placebo group (hazard ratio, 0.44; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.15 to 1.25). The results of sensitivity analyses were consistent with those of the primary analysis. Grade 3 or higher adverse events during the treatment period that were considered to be at least possibly related to the trial regimen occurred in 4 participants in the levofloxacin group and in 8 participants in the placebo group (hazard ratio, 0.52; 95% CI, 0.16 to 1.71). Grade 2 tendonitis occurred in 1 child in the levofloxacin group.ConclusionsAlthough preventive treatment with levofloxacin led to a lower incidence of tuberculosis than placebo among children with household exposure to MDR tuberculosis, the difference was not significant. (Supported by Unitaid and others; TB-CHAMP ISRCTN Registry number, ISRCTN92634082.) Worldwide, approximately 2 million children younger than 15 years of age are infected with multidrug-resistant (MDR) Mycobacterium tuberculosis, with MDR tuberculosis developing in approximately 30,000 annually. Evidence from randomized, controlled trials on tuberculosis preventive treatment in persons exposed to MDR tuberculosis is lacking.BACKGROUNDWorldwide, approximately 2 million children younger than 15 years of age are infected with multidrug-resistant (MDR) Mycobacterium tuberculosis, with MDR tuberculosis developing in approximately 30,000 annually. Evidence from randomized, controlled trials on tuberculosis preventive treatment in persons exposed to MDR tuberculosis is lacking.In this community-based, multisite, double-blind, cluster-randomized, placebo-controlled trial in South Africa, we assessed the efficacy and safety of levofloxacin as preventive treatment in children with household exposure to an adult with bacteriologically confirmed MDR pulmonary tuberculosis. Children younger than 5 years of age were eligible for inclusion regardless of interferon-γ release assay result or human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) status, and children 5 to 17 years of age were eligible if they had a positive interferon-γ release assay or HIV infection. Households were randomly assigned to a trial regimen, and children in the household received levofloxacin or placebo once daily for 24 weeks. The primary efficacy end point was incident tuberculosis, which included death from tuberculosis, by week 48 after randomization. The primary safety end point was any adverse event of grade 3 or higher during the treatment period that was at least possibly related to the trial regimen.METHODSIn this community-based, multisite, double-blind, cluster-randomized, placebo-controlled trial in South Africa, we assessed the efficacy and safety of levofloxacin as preventive treatment in children with household exposure to an adult with bacteriologically confirmed MDR pulmonary tuberculosis. Children younger than 5 years of age were eligible for inclusion regardless of interferon-γ release assay result or human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) status, and children 5 to 17 years of age were eligible if they had a positive interferon-γ release assay or HIV infection. Households were randomly assigned to a trial regimen, and children in the household received levofloxacin or placebo once daily for 24 weeks. The primary efficacy end point was incident tuberculosis, which included death from tuberculosis, by week 48 after randomization. The primary safety end point was any adverse event of grade 3 or higher during the treatment period that was at least possibly related to the trial regimen.Of 922 participants from 497 households, 453 were assigned to receive levofloxacin and 469 to placebo; 91.0% of the participants were younger than 5 years of age. At least 80% of the assigned doses of levofloxacin or placebo were received by 86% of the participants in each trial group. By week 48, tuberculosis had developed in 5 participants (1.1%) in the levofloxacin group and in 12 participants (2.6%) in the placebo group (hazard ratio, 0.44; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.15 to 1.25). The results of sensitivity analyses were consistent with those of the primary analysis. Grade 3 or higher adverse events during the treatment period that were considered to be at least possibly related to the trial regimen occurred in 4 participants in the levofloxacin group and in 8 participants in the placebo group (hazard ratio, 0.52; 95% CI, 0.16 to 1.71). Grade 2 tendonitis occurred in 1 child in the levofloxacin group.RESULTSOf 922 participants from 497 households, 453 were assigned to receive levofloxacin and 469 to placebo; 91.0% of the participants were younger than 5 years of age. At least 80% of the assigned doses of levofloxacin or placebo were received by 86% of the participants in each trial group. By week 48, tuberculosis had developed in 5 participants (1.1%) in the levofloxacin group and in 12 participants (2.6%) in the placebo group (hazard ratio, 0.44; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.15 to 1.25). The results of sensitivity analyses were consistent with those of the primary analysis. Grade 3 or higher adverse events during the treatment period that were considered to be at least possibly related to the trial regimen occurred in 4 participants in the levofloxacin group and in 8 participants in the placebo group (hazard ratio, 0.52; 95% CI, 0.16 to 1.71). Grade 2 tendonitis occurred in 1 child in the levofloxacin group.Although preventive treatment with levofloxacin led to a lower incidence of tuberculosis than placebo among children with household exposure to MDR tuberculosis, the difference was not significant. (Supported by Unitaid and others; TB-CHAMP ISRCTN Registry number, ISRCTN92634082.).CONCLUSIONSAlthough preventive treatment with levofloxacin led to a lower incidence of tuberculosis than placebo among children with household exposure to MDR tuberculosis, the difference was not significant. (Supported by Unitaid and others; TB-CHAMP ISRCTN Registry number, ISRCTN92634082.). Worldwide, approximately 2 million children younger than 15 years of age are infected with multidrug-resistant (MDR) , with MDR tuberculosis developing in approximately 30,000 annually. Evidence from randomized, controlled trials on tuberculosis preventive treatment in persons exposed to MDR tuberculosis is lacking. In this community-based, multisite, double-blind, cluster-randomized, placebo-controlled trial in South Africa, we assessed the efficacy and safety of levofloxacin as preventive treatment in children with household exposure to an adult with bacteriologically confirmed MDR pulmonary tuberculosis. Children younger than 5 years of age were eligible for inclusion regardless of interferon-γ release assay result or human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) status, and children 5 to 17 years of age were eligible if they had a positive interferon-γ release assay or HIV infection. Households were randomly assigned to a trial regimen, and children in the household received levofloxacin or placebo once daily for 24 weeks. The primary efficacy end point was incident tuberculosis, which included death from tuberculosis, by week 48 after randomization. The primary safety end point was any adverse event of grade 3 or higher during the treatment period that was at least possibly related to the trial regimen. Of 922 participants from 497 households, 453 were assigned to receive levofloxacin and 469 to placebo; 91.0% of the participants were younger than 5 years of age. At least 80% of the assigned doses of levofloxacin or placebo were received by 86% of the participants in each trial group. By week 48, tuberculosis had developed in 5 participants (1.1%) in the levofloxacin group and in 12 participants (2.6%) in the placebo group (hazard ratio, 0.44; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.15 to 1.25). The results of sensitivity analyses were consistent with those of the primary analysis. Grade 3 or higher adverse events during the treatment period that were considered to be at least possibly related to the trial regimen occurred in 4 participants in the levofloxacin group and in 8 participants in the placebo group (hazard ratio, 0.52; 95% CI, 0.16 to 1.71). Grade 2 tendonitis occurred in 1 child in the levofloxacin group. Although preventive treatment with levofloxacin led to a lower incidence of tuberculosis than placebo among children with household exposure to MDR tuberculosis, the difference was not significant. (Supported by Unitaid and others; TB-CHAMP ISRCTN Registry number, ISRCTN92634082.). In this randomized, controlled trial involving children with household exposure to multidrug-resistant tuberculosis, levofloxacin led to a lower incidence of tuberculosis than placebo, but the difference was not significant. |
| Author | Conradie, Francesca Frigati, Lisa Martinson, Neil A. Fairlie, Lee Turner, Rebecca Staples, Suzanne Duong, Trinh Batist, Elize Nyamathe, Samukelisiwe Schaaf, H. Simon Gibb, Diana M. Seddon, James A. McGowan, Charlotte Garcia-Prats, Anthony Brigden, Joanna Demers, Anne-Marie Hesseling, Anneke C. Purchase, Susan E. Layton, Charlotte |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Anneke C. surname: Hesseling fullname: Hesseling, Anneke C. organization: From the Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Desmond Tutu TB Centre, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch (A.C.H., S.E.P., H.S.S., A.G.-P., E.B., A.-M.D., S.N., J.A.S., L. Frigati), the Perinatal HIV Research Unit (N.A.M.) and the Faculty of Health Sciences, Wits Research Health Institute (L. Fairlie), University of the Witwatersrand, and Isango Lethemba TB Research Unit, Port Elizabeth, Wits Health Consortium (F.C.), Johannesburg, and the Tuberculosis and HIV Investigative Network, Durban (S.S.) — all in South Africa; the Johns Hopkins Center for TB Research, Baltimore (N.A.M.); the Medical Research Council Clinical Trials Unit at University College London (J.B., D.M.G., C.M., C.L., R.T., T.D.) and the Department of Infectious Disease, Imperial College London (J.A.S.) — both in London; the Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison (A.G.P.); and the Division of Microbiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine, and the Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, University of Montreal — both in Montreal (A.-M.D.) – sequence: 2 givenname: Susan E. surname: Purchase fullname: Purchase, Susan E. organization: From the Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Desmond Tutu TB Centre, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch (A.C.H., S.E.P., H.S.S., A.G.-P., E.B., A.-M.D., S.N., J.A.S., L. Frigati), the Perinatal HIV Research Unit (N.A.M.) and the Faculty of Health Sciences, Wits Research Health Institute (L. Fairlie), University of the Witwatersrand, and Isango Lethemba TB Research Unit, Port Elizabeth, Wits Health Consortium (F.C.), Johannesburg, and the Tuberculosis and HIV Investigative Network, Durban (S.S.) — all in South Africa; the Johns Hopkins Center for TB Research, Baltimore (N.A.M.); the Medical Research Council Clinical Trials Unit at University College London (J.B., D.M.G., C.M., C.L., R.T., T.D.) and the Department of Infectious Disease, Imperial College London (J.A.S.) — both in London; the Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison (A.G.P.); and the Division of Microbiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine, and the Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, University of Montreal — both in Montreal (A.-M.D.) – sequence: 3 givenname: Neil A. surname: Martinson fullname: Martinson, Neil A. organization: From the Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Desmond Tutu TB Centre, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch (A.C.H., S.E.P., H.S.S., A.G.-P., E.B., A.-M.D., S.N., J.A.S., L. Frigati), the Perinatal HIV Research Unit (N.A.M.) and the Faculty of Health Sciences, Wits Research Health Institute (L. Fairlie), University of the Witwatersrand, and Isango Lethemba TB Research Unit, Port Elizabeth, Wits Health Consortium (F.C.), Johannesburg, and the Tuberculosis and HIV Investigative Network, Durban (S.S.) — all in South Africa; the Johns Hopkins Center for TB Research, Baltimore (N.A.M.); the Medical Research Council Clinical Trials Unit at University College London (J.B., D.M.G., C.M., C.L., R.T., T.D.) and the Department of Infectious Disease, Imperial College London (J.A.S.) — both in London; the Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison (A.G.P.); and the Division of Microbiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine, and the Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, University of Montreal — both in Montreal (A.-M.D.) – sequence: 4 givenname: Lee surname: Fairlie fullname: Fairlie, Lee organization: From the Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Desmond Tutu TB Centre, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch (A.C.H., S.E.P., H.S.S., A.G.-P., E.B., A.-M.D., S.N., J.A.S., L. Frigati), the Perinatal HIV Research Unit (N.A.M.) and the Faculty of Health Sciences, Wits Research Health Institute (L. Fairlie), University of the Witwatersrand, and Isango Lethemba TB Research Unit, Port Elizabeth, Wits Health Consortium (F.C.), Johannesburg, and the Tuberculosis and HIV Investigative Network, Durban (S.S.) — all in South Africa; the Johns Hopkins Center for TB Research, Baltimore (N.A.M.); the Medical Research Council Clinical Trials Unit at University College London (J.B., D.M.G., C.M., C.L., R.T., T.D.) and the Department of Infectious Disease, Imperial College London (J.A.S.) — both in London; the Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison (A.G.P.); and the Division of Microbiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine, and the Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, University of Montreal — both in Montreal (A.-M.D.) – sequence: 5 givenname: H. Simon surname: Schaaf fullname: Schaaf, H. Simon organization: From the Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Desmond Tutu TB Centre, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch (A.C.H., S.E.P., H.S.S., A.G.-P., E.B., A.-M.D., S.N., J.A.S., L. Frigati), the Perinatal HIV Research Unit (N.A.M.) and the Faculty of Health Sciences, Wits Research Health Institute (L. Fairlie), University of the Witwatersrand, and Isango Lethemba TB Research Unit, Port Elizabeth, Wits Health Consortium (F.C.), Johannesburg, and the Tuberculosis and HIV Investigative Network, Durban (S.S.) — all in South Africa; the Johns Hopkins Center for TB Research, Baltimore (N.A.M.); the Medical Research Council Clinical Trials Unit at University College London (J.B., D.M.G., C.M., C.L., R.T., T.D.) and the Department of Infectious Disease, Imperial College London (J.A.S.) — both in London; the Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison (A.G.P.); and the Division of Microbiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine, and the Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, University of Montreal — both in Montreal (A.-M.D.) – sequence: 6 givenname: Joanna surname: Brigden fullname: Brigden, Joanna organization: From the Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Desmond Tutu TB Centre, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch (A.C.H., S.E.P., H.S.S., A.G.-P., E.B., A.-M.D., S.N., J.A.S., L. Frigati), the Perinatal HIV Research Unit (N.A.M.) and the Faculty of Health Sciences, Wits Research Health Institute (L. Fairlie), University of the Witwatersrand, and Isango Lethemba TB Research Unit, Port Elizabeth, Wits Health Consortium (F.C.), Johannesburg, and the Tuberculosis and HIV Investigative Network, Durban (S.S.) — all in South Africa; the Johns Hopkins Center for TB Research, Baltimore (N.A.M.); the Medical Research Council Clinical Trials Unit at University College London (J.B., D.M.G., C.M., C.L., R.T., T.D.) and the Department of Infectious Disease, Imperial College London (J.A.S.) — both in London; the Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison (A.G.P.); and the Division of Microbiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine, and the Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, University of Montreal — both in Montreal (A.-M.D.) – sequence: 7 givenname: Suzanne surname: Staples fullname: Staples, Suzanne organization: From the Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Desmond Tutu TB Centre, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch (A.C.H., S.E.P., H.S.S., A.G.-P., E.B., A.-M.D., S.N., J.A.S., L. Frigati), the Perinatal HIV Research Unit (N.A.M.) and the Faculty of Health Sciences, Wits Research Health Institute (L. Fairlie), University of the Witwatersrand, and Isango Lethemba TB Research Unit, Port Elizabeth, Wits Health Consortium (F.C.), Johannesburg, and the Tuberculosis and HIV Investigative Network, Durban (S.S.) — all in South Africa; the Johns Hopkins Center for TB Research, Baltimore (N.A.M.); the Medical Research Council Clinical Trials Unit at University College London (J.B., D.M.G., C.M., C.L., R.T., T.D.) and the Department of Infectious Disease, Imperial College London (J.A.S.) — both in London; the Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison (A.G.P.); and the Division of Microbiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine, and the Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, University of Montreal — both in Montreal (A.-M.D.) – sequence: 8 givenname: Diana M. surname: Gibb fullname: Gibb, Diana M. organization: From the Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Desmond Tutu TB Centre, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch (A.C.H., S.E.P., H.S.S., A.G.-P., E.B., A.-M.D., S.N., J.A.S., L. Frigati), the Perinatal HIV Research Unit (N.A.M.) and the Faculty of Health Sciences, Wits Research Health Institute (L. Fairlie), University of the Witwatersrand, and Isango Lethemba TB Research Unit, Port Elizabeth, Wits Health Consortium (F.C.), Johannesburg, and the Tuberculosis and HIV Investigative Network, Durban (S.S.) — all in South Africa; the Johns Hopkins Center for TB Research, Baltimore (N.A.M.); the Medical Research Council Clinical Trials Unit at University College London (J.B., D.M.G., C.M., C.L., R.T., T.D.) and the Department of Infectious Disease, Imperial College London (J.A.S.) — both in London; the Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison (A.G.P.); and the Division of Microbiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine, and the Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, University of Montreal — both in Montreal (A.-M.D.) – sequence: 9 givenname: Anthony surname: Garcia-Prats fullname: Garcia-Prats, Anthony organization: From the Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Desmond Tutu TB Centre, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch (A.C.H., S.E.P., H.S.S., A.G.-P., E.B., A.-M.D., S.N., J.A.S., L. Frigati), the Perinatal HIV Research Unit (N.A.M.) and the Faculty of Health Sciences, Wits Research Health Institute (L. Fairlie), University of the Witwatersrand, and Isango Lethemba TB Research Unit, Port Elizabeth, Wits Health Consortium (F.C.), Johannesburg, and the Tuberculosis and HIV Investigative Network, Durban (S.S.) — all in South Africa; the Johns Hopkins Center for TB Research, Baltimore (N.A.M.); the Medical Research Council Clinical Trials Unit at University College London (J.B., D.M.G., C.M., C.L., R.T., T.D.) and the Department of Infectious Disease, Imperial College London (J.A.S.) — both in London; the Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison (A.G.P.); and the Division of Microbiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine, and the Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, University of Montreal — both in Montreal (A.-M.D.) – sequence: 10 givenname: Francesca surname: Conradie fullname: Conradie, Francesca organization: From the Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Desmond Tutu TB Centre, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch (A.C.H., S.E.P., H.S.S., A.G.-P., E.B., A.-M.D., S.N., J.A.S., L. Frigati), the Perinatal HIV Research Unit (N.A.M.) and the Faculty of Health Sciences, Wits Research Health Institute (L. Fairlie), University of the Witwatersrand, and Isango Lethemba TB Research Unit, Port Elizabeth, Wits Health Consortium (F.C.), Johannesburg, and the Tuberculosis and HIV Investigative Network, Durban (S.S.) — all in South Africa; the Johns Hopkins Center for TB Research, Baltimore (N.A.M.); the Medical Research Council Clinical Trials Unit at University College London (J.B., D.M.G., C.M., C.L., R.T., T.D.) and the Department of Infectious Disease, Imperial College London (J.A.S.) — both in London; the Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison (A.G.P.); and the Division of Microbiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine, and the Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, University of Montreal — both in Montreal (A.-M.D.) – sequence: 11 givenname: Charlotte surname: McGowan fullname: McGowan, Charlotte organization: From the Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Desmond Tutu TB Centre, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch (A.C.H., S.E.P., H.S.S., A.G.-P., E.B., A.-M.D., S.N., J.A.S., L. Frigati), the Perinatal HIV Research Unit (N.A.M.) and the Faculty of Health Sciences, Wits Research Health Institute (L. Fairlie), University of the Witwatersrand, and Isango Lethemba TB Research Unit, Port Elizabeth, Wits Health Consortium (F.C.), Johannesburg, and the Tuberculosis and HIV Investigative Network, Durban (S.S.) — all in South Africa; the Johns Hopkins Center for TB Research, Baltimore (N.A.M.); the Medical Research Council Clinical Trials Unit at University College London (J.B., D.M.G., C.M., C.L., R.T., T.D.) and the Department of Infectious Disease, Imperial College London (J.A.S.) — both in London; the Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison (A.G.P.); and the Division of Microbiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine, and the Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, University of Montreal — both in Montreal (A.-M.D.) – sequence: 12 givenname: Charlotte surname: Layton fullname: Layton, Charlotte organization: From the Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Desmond Tutu TB Centre, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch (A.C.H., S.E.P., H.S.S., A.G.-P., E.B., A.-M.D., S.N., J.A.S., L. Frigati), the Perinatal HIV Research Unit (N.A.M.) and the Faculty of Health Sciences, Wits Research Health Institute (L. Fairlie), University of the Witwatersrand, and Isango Lethemba TB Research Unit, Port Elizabeth, Wits Health Consortium (F.C.), Johannesburg, and the Tuberculosis and HIV Investigative Network, Durban (S.S.) — all in South Africa; the Johns Hopkins Center for TB Research, Baltimore (N.A.M.); the Medical Research Council Clinical Trials Unit at University College London (J.B., D.M.G., C.M., C.L., R.T., T.D.) and the Department of Infectious Disease, Imperial College London (J.A.S.) — both in London; the Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison (A.G.P.); and the Division of Microbiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine, and the Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, University of Montreal — both in Montreal (A.-M.D.) – sequence: 13 givenname: Elize surname: Batist fullname: Batist, Elize organization: From the Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Desmond Tutu TB Centre, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch (A.C.H., S.E.P., H.S.S., A.G.-P., E.B., A.-M.D., S.N., J.A.S., L. Frigati), the Perinatal HIV Research Unit (N.A.M.) and the Faculty of Health Sciences, Wits Research Health Institute (L. Fairlie), University of the Witwatersrand, and Isango Lethemba TB Research Unit, Port Elizabeth, Wits Health Consortium (F.C.), Johannesburg, and the Tuberculosis and HIV Investigative Network, Durban (S.S.) — all in South Africa; the Johns Hopkins Center for TB Research, Baltimore (N.A.M.); the Medical Research Council Clinical Trials Unit at University College London (J.B., D.M.G., C.M., C.L., R.T., T.D.) and the Department of Infectious Disease, Imperial College London (J.A.S.) — both in London; the Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison (A.G.P.); and the Division of Microbiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine, and the Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, University of Montreal — both in Montreal (A.-M.D.) – sequence: 14 givenname: Anne-Marie surname: Demers fullname: Demers, Anne-Marie organization: From the Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Desmond Tutu TB Centre, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch (A.C.H., S.E.P., H.S.S., A.G.-P., E.B., A.-M.D., S.N., J.A.S., L. Frigati), the Perinatal HIV Research Unit (N.A.M.) and the Faculty of Health Sciences, Wits Research Health Institute (L. Fairlie), University of the Witwatersrand, and Isango Lethemba TB Research Unit, Port Elizabeth, Wits Health Consortium (F.C.), Johannesburg, and the Tuberculosis and HIV Investigative Network, Durban (S.S.) — all in South Africa; the Johns Hopkins Center for TB Research, Baltimore (N.A.M.); the Medical Research Council Clinical Trials Unit at University College London (J.B., D.M.G., C.M., C.L., R.T., T.D.) and the Department of Infectious Disease, Imperial College London (J.A.S.) — both in London; the Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison (A.G.P.); and the Division of Microbiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine, and the Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, University of Montreal — both in Montreal (A.-M.D.) – sequence: 15 givenname: Samukelisiwe surname: Nyamathe fullname: Nyamathe, Samukelisiwe organization: From the Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Desmond Tutu TB Centre, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch (A.C.H., S.E.P., H.S.S., A.G.-P., E.B., A.-M.D., S.N., J.A.S., L. Frigati), the Perinatal HIV Research Unit (N.A.M.) and the Faculty of Health Sciences, Wits Research Health Institute (L. Fairlie), University of the Witwatersrand, and Isango Lethemba TB Research Unit, Port Elizabeth, Wits Health Consortium (F.C.), Johannesburg, and the Tuberculosis and HIV Investigative Network, Durban (S.S.) — all in South Africa; the Johns Hopkins Center for TB Research, Baltimore (N.A.M.); the Medical Research Council Clinical Trials Unit at University College London (J.B., D.M.G., C.M., C.L., R.T., T.D.) and the Department of Infectious Disease, Imperial College London (J.A.S.) — both in London; the Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison (A.G.P.); and the Division of Microbiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine, and the Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, University of Montreal — both in Montreal (A.-M.D.) – sequence: 16 givenname: Lisa surname: Frigati fullname: Frigati, Lisa organization: From the Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Desmond Tutu TB Centre, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch (A.C.H., S.E.P., H.S.S., A.G.-P., E.B., A.-M.D., S.N., J.A.S., L. Frigati), the Perinatal HIV Research Unit (N.A.M.) and the Faculty of Health Sciences, Wits Research Health Institute (L. Fairlie), University of the Witwatersrand, and Isango Lethemba TB Research Unit, Port Elizabeth, Wits Health Consortium (F.C.), Johannesburg, and the Tuberculosis and HIV Investigative Network, Durban (S.S.) — all in South Africa; the Johns Hopkins Center for TB Research, Baltimore (N.A.M.); the Medical Research Council Clinical Trials Unit at University College London (J.B., D.M.G., C.M., C.L., R.T., T.D.) and the Department of Infectious Disease, Imperial College London (J.A.S.) — both in London; the Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison (A.G.P.); and the Division of Microbiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine, and the Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, University of Montreal — both in Montreal (A.-M.D.) – sequence: 17 givenname: Rebecca surname: Turner fullname: Turner, Rebecca organization: From the Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Desmond Tutu TB Centre, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch (A.C.H., S.E.P., H.S.S., A.G.-P., E.B., A.-M.D., S.N., J.A.S., L. Frigati), the Perinatal HIV Research Unit (N.A.M.) and the Faculty of Health Sciences, Wits Research Health Institute (L. Fairlie), University of the Witwatersrand, and Isango Lethemba TB Research Unit, Port Elizabeth, Wits Health Consortium (F.C.), Johannesburg, and the Tuberculosis and HIV Investigative Network, Durban (S.S.) — all in South Africa; the Johns Hopkins Center for TB Research, Baltimore (N.A.M.); the Medical Research Council Clinical Trials Unit at University College London (J.B., D.M.G., C.M., C.L., R.T., T.D.) and the Department of Infectious Disease, Imperial College London (J.A.S.) — both in London; the Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison (A.G.P.); and the Division of Microbiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine, and the Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, University of Montreal — both in Montreal (A.-M.D.) – sequence: 18 givenname: Trinh surname: Duong fullname: Duong, Trinh organization: From the Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Desmond Tutu TB Centre, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch (A.C.H., S.E.P., H.S.S., A.G.-P., E.B., A.-M.D., S.N., J.A.S., L. Frigati), the Perinatal HIV Research Unit (N.A.M.) and the Faculty of Health Sciences, Wits Research Health Institute (L. Fairlie), University of the Witwatersrand, and Isango Lethemba TB Research Unit, Port Elizabeth, Wits Health Consortium (F.C.), Johannesburg, and the Tuberculosis and HIV Investigative Network, Durban (S.S.) — all in South Africa; the Johns Hopkins Center for TB Research, Baltimore (N.A.M.); the Medical Research Council Clinical Trials Unit at University College London (J.B., D.M.G., C.M., C.L., R.T., T.D.) and the Department of Infectious Disease, Imperial College London (J.A.S.) — both in London; the Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison (A.G.P.); and the Division of Microbiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine, and the Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, University of Montreal — both in Montreal (A.-M.D.) – sequence: 19 givenname: James A. surname: Seddon fullname: Seddon, James A. organization: From the Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Desmond Tutu TB Centre, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch (A.C.H., S.E.P., H.S.S., A.G.-P., E.B., A.-M.D., S.N., J.A.S., L. Frigati), the Perinatal HIV Research Unit (N.A.M.) and the Faculty of Health Sciences, Wits Research Health Institute (L. Fairlie), University of the Witwatersrand, and Isango Lethemba TB Research Unit, Port Elizabeth, Wits Health Consortium (F.C.), Johannesburg, and the Tuberculosis and HIV Investigative Network, Durban (S.S.) — all in South Africa; the Johns Hopkins Center for TB Research, Baltimore (N.A.M.); the Medical Research Council Clinical Trials Unit at University College London (J.B., D.M.G., C.M., C.L., R.T., T.D.) and the Department of Infectious Disease, Imperial College London (J.A.S.) — both in London; the Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison (A.G.P.); and the Division of Microbiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine, and the Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, University of Montreal — both in Montreal (A.-M.D.) |
| BackLink | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/39693542$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed |
| BookMark | eNp10VFLwzAQAOAgEzenj75KQQRfqknTtOmjzKmTTUXmc0mbK2a0yUzaof_e6KbgYHk5cnx3HHeHqKeNBoROCL4kmCVXj-OHmRERJTElfA8NCKM0jGOc9NAA44iHcZrRPjp0boH9I3F2gPo0SzLK4miAJlNYmao2H6JUOni2sALdqhUEcwuibfwn8PnRm6qlBR2MP5bGgQxaE8xuXoJ5V4Atu9o45Y7QfiVqB8ebOESvt-P56D6cPt1NRtfTsKSMtKGoKC9EwYXkEjORRrKqMsYAMKFVnHDMihRSiaNIcEGyuOJSMpn40QtSUprQIbpY911a896Ba_NGuRLqWmgwncv9JlISZThLPT3bogvTWe2n-1GYJ1HKvDrdqK5oQOZLqxphP_PfJXkQrkFpjXMWqj9CcP59hPzfEbynW75UrWiV0a0Vqt5Zdb6uahqXa1g0O9wXWFWURw |
| CitedBy_id | crossref_primary_10_1056_NEJMc2502735 crossref_primary_10_1111_resp_14887 crossref_primary_10_1056_NEJMe2413531 crossref_primary_10_1056_NEJMoa2314325 crossref_primary_10_2807_1560_7917_ES_2025_30_30_2500210 crossref_primary_10_1093_cid_ciaf426 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_lanwpc_2025_101666 crossref_primary_10_1093_cid_ciaf069 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_ijid_2025_107849 crossref_primary_10_1016_S0140_6736_24_02479_6 crossref_primary_10_1093_ofid_ofaf425 crossref_primary_10_3390_ph18091389 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jped_2025_01_008 crossref_primary_10_1093_infdis_jiaf401 crossref_primary_10_1016_S1473_3099_25_00474_8 crossref_primary_10_1007_s15010_024_02470_z crossref_primary_10_1056_EVIDoa2400190 crossref_primary_10_1097_QCO_0000000000001117 crossref_primary_10_1016_S1473_3099_25_00157_4 crossref_primary_10_1007_s13312_025_00068_8 crossref_primary_10_1007_s13312_025_00069_7 |
| Cites_doi | 10.1186/s13063-022-06097-z 10.1016/S2214-109X(22)00113-9 10.1093/cid/ciad557 10.1093/cid/cix208 10.1002/sim.4274 10.3201/eid2703.203916 10.1016/S1473-3099(16)30132-3 10.1016/j.ccm.2019.07.008 10.2165/00003495-200363240-00008 10.1186/1471-2334-13-392 10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30166-5 10.1136/bmjopen-2019-033945 10.1186/s13063-018-3070-0 10.1056/NEJMoa2314325 10.1007/s40273-015-0279-6 10.1016/S1473-3099(18)30222-6 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2016-209421 10.1146/annurev-publhealth-031912-114431 10.1093/cid/civ581 |
| ContentType | Journal Article |
| Copyright | Copyright © 2024 Massachusetts Medical Society. All rights reserved. Copyright © 2024 Massachusetts Medical Society. |
| Copyright_xml | – notice: Copyright © 2024 Massachusetts Medical Society. All rights reserved. – notice: Copyright © 2024 Massachusetts Medical Society. |
| DBID | AAYXX CITATION CGR CUY CVF ECM EIF NPM 7RV 7X7 7XB 8AO 8C1 8FE 8FH 8FI ABUWG AFKRA AN0 AZQEC BBNVY BEC BENPR BHPHI CCPQU DWQXO FYUFA GHDGH GNUQQ GUQSH HCIFZ K0Y LK8 M0R M0T M1P M2M M2O M2P M7P MBDVC NAPCQ PHGZM PHGZT PJZUB PKEHL PPXIY PQEST PQGLB PQQKQ PQUKI PRINS PSYQQ Q9U 7X8 |
| DOI | 10.1056/NEJMoa2314318 |
| DatabaseName | CrossRef Medline MEDLINE MEDLINE (Ovid) MEDLINE MEDLINE PubMed Nursing & Allied Health Database (ProQuest) Health & Medical Collection (ProQuest) ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016) ProQuest Pharma Collection Public Health Database ProQuest SciTech Collection ProQuest Natural Science Collection Hospital Premium Collection ProQuest Central (Alumni) ProQuest Central UK/Ireland British Nursing Database ProQuest Central Essentials Biological Science Collection eLibrary Curriculum ProQuest Central Natural Science Collection ProQuest One Community College ProQuest Central Health Research Premium Collection Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni) ProQuest Central Student Research Library Prep SciTech Premium Collection New England Journal of Medicine Biological Sciences Consumer Health Database (ProQuest) Healthcare Administration Database PML(ProQuest Medical Library) Psychology Database Research Library (ProQuest) Science Database (ProQuest) Biological Science Database Research Library (Corporate) ProQuest Nursing and Allied Health Premium ProQuest Central Premium ProQuest One Academic (New) ProQuest Health & Medical Research Collection ProQuest One Academic Middle East (New) ProQuest One Health & Nursing ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE) ProQuest One Applied & Life Sciences ProQuest One Academic (retired) ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition ProQuest Central China ProQuest One Psychology ProQuest Central Basic MEDLINE - Academic |
| DatabaseTitle | CrossRef MEDLINE Medline Complete MEDLINE with Full Text PubMed MEDLINE (Ovid) ProQuest One Psychology Research Library Prep ProQuest Central Student ProQuest One Academic Middle East (New) ProQuest Central Essentials elibrary ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition) SciTech Premium Collection ProQuest One Community College ProQuest One Health & Nursing New England Journal of Medicine ProQuest Natural Science Collection ProQuest Pharma Collection ProQuest Central China ProQuest Central ProQuest One Applied & Life Sciences ProQuest Health & Medical Research Collection Health Research Premium Collection Natural Science Collection ProQuest Central Korea Health & Medical Research Collection Biological Science Collection ProQuest Research Library ProQuest Central (New) ProQuest Public Health ProQuest Biological Science Collection ProQuest Central Basic ProQuest Science Journals ProQuest Family Health ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition British Nursing Index with Full Text ProQuest Health Management ProQuest Nursing & Allied Health Source ProQuest Hospital Collection Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni) Biological Science Database ProQuest SciTech Collection Nursing & Allied Health Premium ProQuest Health & Medical Complete ProQuest Medical Library ProQuest Psychology Journals ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition ProQuest One Academic ProQuest One Academic (New) MEDLINE - Academic |
| DatabaseTitleList | ProQuest One Psychology MEDLINE - Academic MEDLINE |
| Database_xml | – sequence: 1 dbid: NPM name: PubMed url: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed sourceTypes: Index Database – sequence: 2 dbid: 7RV name: Nursing & Allied Health Database url: https://search.proquest.com/nahs sourceTypes: Aggregation Database |
| DeliveryMethod | fulltext_linktorsrc |
| Discipline | Medicine |
| EISSN | 1533-4406 |
| EndPage | 2326 |
| ExternalDocumentID | 39693542 10_1056_NEJMoa2314318 NJ202412193912408 |
| Genre | Original Article Clinical Trial, Phase III Multicenter Study Randomized Controlled Trial Journal Article |
| GeographicLocations | South Africa |
| GeographicLocations_xml | – name: South Africa |
| GroupedDBID | --- -DZ -ET -~X .-4 .55 .CO .GJ 0R~ 0WA 123 1VV 2KS 2WC 34G 36B 39C 4.4 53G 5RE 7FN 7RV 7X7 85S 8C1 9M8 AACLI AAEJM AAIKC AAMNW AAQQT AARDX AAUTI AAWTL ABACO ABBLC ABCQX ABDQB ABEHJ ABIVO ABOCM ABPPZ ABQIJ ABWJO ACGFS ACGOD ACKOT ACNCT ACPFK ACPRK ACPVT ACRZS ADBBV ADUKH AENEX AERZD AFFNX AFHKK AFOSN AGFXO AGHSJ AGNAY AHMBA AJJEV ALIPV ALMA_UNASSIGNED_HOLDINGS BBNVY BENPR BHPHI BYPQX C45 CJ0 CS3 DCD DU5 EBS EX3 F5P FD8 FM. HCIFZ HF~ HZ~ K-O KOO L7B M0R M0T M1P M2M M2P M7P MQT MVM N4W NEJ O9- OK1 OMK OVD P2P RHI RWL RXW S10 SJN TAE TAF TEORI TN5 TWZ UCV UIG UKR UMD VQA W2G WH7 WOQ WOW X7M XJT XYN XZL YCJ YFH YR2 YRY YYP YZZ ZCA ZR0 ZVN ~KM 29N 8AO 8FE 8FH 8FI AAYXX ABJNI ABUFD ABUWG AETEA AFFHD AFKRA AN0 AQUVI AZQEC BCU BKEYQ BKNYI BNQBC BPHCQ BVXVI CCPQU CITATION DWQXO FYUFA GNUQQ GUQSH HMCUK LK8 M2O NAPCQ PCD PHGZM PHGZT PJZUB PPXIY PQGLB PQQKQ PROAC PSQYO PSYQQ SJFOW TUQ UKHRP YR5 CGR CUY CVF ECM EIF NPM R.3 VXZ YIF YIN Z5M 7XB BEC K0Y MBDVC PKEHL PQEST PQUKI PRINS Q9U 7X8 PUEGO |
| ID | FETCH-LOGICAL-c351t-af38bab8ad8d05a72dff955ee013f46805b7e7d022a8a194f8dd5d6000b1c3363 |
| IEDL.DBID | M2P |
| ISICitedReferencesCount | 25 |
| ISICitedReferencesURI | http://www.webofscience.com/api/gateway?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=Summon&SrcAuth=ProQuest&DestLinkType=CitingArticles&DestApp=WOS_CPL&KeyUT=001381377700006&url=https%3A%2F%2Fcvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com%2F%23%21%2Fsearch%3Fho%3Df%26include.ft.matches%3Dt%26l%3Dnull%26q%3D |
| ISSN | 0028-4793 1533-4406 |
| IngestDate | Thu Oct 02 09:40:55 EDT 2025 Sat Nov 29 15:02:55 EST 2025 Wed Feb 19 02:02:51 EST 2025 Tue Nov 18 21:55:33 EST 2025 Sat Nov 29 07:49:44 EST 2025 Sun Dec 22 16:43:52 EST 2024 |
| IsPeerReviewed | true |
| IsScholarly | true |
| Issue | 24 |
| Language | English |
| License | Copyright © 2024 Massachusetts Medical Society. |
| LinkModel | DirectLink |
| MergedId | FETCHMERGED-LOGICAL-c351t-af38bab8ad8d05a72dff955ee013f46805b7e7d022a8a194f8dd5d6000b1c3363 |
| Notes | ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 14 content type line 23 ObjectType-Undefined-3 |
| PMID | 39693542 |
| PQID | 3147086275 |
| PQPubID | 40644 |
| PageCount | 12 |
| ParticipantIDs | proquest_miscellaneous_3147129097 proquest_journals_3147086275 pubmed_primary_39693542 crossref_primary_10_1056_NEJMoa2314318 crossref_citationtrail_10_1056_NEJMoa2314318 mms_nejm_10_1056_NEJMoa2314318 |
| PublicationCentury | 2000 |
| PublicationDate | 20241219 2024-12-19 2024-Dec-19 |
| PublicationDateYYYYMMDD | 2024-12-19 |
| PublicationDate_xml | – month: 12 year: 2024 text: 20241219 day: 19 |
| PublicationDecade | 2020 |
| PublicationPlace | United States |
| PublicationPlace_xml | – name: United States – name: Boston |
| PublicationTitle | The New England journal of medicine |
| PublicationTitleAlternate | N Engl J Med |
| PublicationYear | 2024 |
| Publisher | Massachusetts Medical Society |
| Publisher_xml | – name: Massachusetts Medical Society |
| References | Fox, GJ, Nhung, NV, Binh, NC (r20) 2024; 391 Marais, BJ, Gie, RP, Schaaf, HS (r9) 2004; 8 Dodd, PJ, Mafirakureva, N, Seddon, JA, McQuaid, CF (r21) 2022; 10 (r8) 2020 (r1) 2022 Marks, SM, Mase, SR, Morris, SB (r7) 2017; 64 Seddon, JA, Hesseling, AC, Godfrey-Faussett, P, Fielding, K, Schaaf, HS (r17) 2013; 13 Graham, SM, Cuevas, LE, Jean-Philippe, P (r13) 2015; 61 Laurence, YV, Griffiths, UK, Vassall, A (r2) 2015; 33 Malik, AA, Gandhi, NR, Lash, TL (r18) 2021; 27 Seddon, JA, Garcia-Prats, AJ, Purchase, SE (r12) 2018; 19 Croom, KF, Goa, KL (r23) 2003; 63 Dye, C, Glaziou, P, Floyd, K, Raviglione, M (r4) 2013; 34 Kasaie, P, Pennington, J, Gupta, A, Dowdy, DW, Kendall, EA (r22) 2024; 78 Huaman, MA, Sterling, TR (r6) 2019; 40 (r5) 2015 Martinez, L, Cords, O, Horsburgh, CR, Andrews, JR (r10) 2020; 395 r19 Ismail, NA, Mvusi, L, Nanoo, A (r24) 2018; 18 Dodd, PJ, Sismanidis, C, Seddon, JA (r3) 2016; 16 Royston, P, Parmar, MKB (r15) 2011; 30 Fox, GJ, Nguyen, CB, Nguyen, TA (r16) 2020; 10 Dodd, PJ, Prendergast, AJ, Beecroft, C, Kampmann, B, Seddon, JA (r11) 2017; 72 Morris, TP, Walker, AS, Williamson, EJ, White, IR (r14) 2022; 23 e_1_3_5_17_2 e_1_3_5_16_2 e_1_3_5_15_2 e_1_3_5_14_2 e_1_3_5_25_2 e_1_3_5_12_2 e_1_3_5_24_2 e_1_3_5_13_2 e_1_3_5_23_2 e_1_3_5_22_2 e_1_3_5_11_2 e_1_3_5_21_2 e_1_3_5_19_2 e_1_3_5_18_2 e_1_3_5_2_2 e_1_3_5_8_2 e_1_3_5_20_2 e_1_3_5_7_2 Marais BJ (e_1_3_5_10_2) 2004; 8 e_1_3_5_9_2 e_1_3_5_4_2 e_1_3_5_3_2 e_1_3_5_6_2 e_1_3_5_5_2 |
| References_xml | – volume: 72 start-page: 559 year: 2017 end-page: 575 ident: r11 article-title: The impact of HIV and antiretroviral therapy on TB risk in children: a systematic review and meta-analysis. publication-title: Thorax – volume: 13 start-page: 392 year: 2013 end-page: 392 ident: r17 article-title: Risk factors for infection and disease in child contacts of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis: a cross-sectional study. publication-title: BMC Infect Dis – volume: 78 start-page: 133 year: 2024 end-page: 143 ident: r22 article-title: The impact of preventive treatment for multidrug- and rifampin-resistant tuberculosis exceeds trial-based estimates. publication-title: Clin Infect Dis – year: 2015 ident: r5 article-title: The end TB strategy ;(https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/WHO-HTM-TB-2015.19) – volume: 395 start-page: 973 year: 2020 end-page: 984 ident: r10 article-title: The risk of tuberculosis in children after close exposure: a systematic review and individual-participant meta-analysis. publication-title: Lancet – volume: 63 start-page: 2769 year: 2003 end-page: 2780 ident: r23 article-title: Levofloxacin: a review of its use in the treatment of bacterial infections in the United States publication-title: Drugs – volume: 64 start-page: 1670 year: 2017 end-page: 1677 ident: r7 article-title: Systematic review, meta-analysis, and cost-effectiveness of treatment of latent tuberculosis to reduce progression to multidrug-resistant tuberculosis. publication-title: Clin Infect Dis – year: 2020 ident: r8 article-title: (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK554956/pdf/Bookshelf_NBK554956.pdf) publication-title: WHO consolidated guidelines on tuberculosis: tuberculosis preventive treatment – volume: 10 start-page: e033945 year: 2020 end-page: e033945 ident: r16 article-title: Levofloxacin versus placebo for the treatment of latent tuberculosis among contacts of patients with multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (the VQUIN MDR trial): a protocol for a randomised controlled trial. publication-title: BMJ Open – volume: 18 start-page: 779 year: 2018 end-page: 787 ident: r24 article-title: Prevalence of drug-resistant tuberculosis and imputed burden in South Africa: a national and sub-national cross-sectional survey. publication-title: Lancet Infect Dis – volume: 40 start-page: 839 year: 2019 end-page: 848 ident: r6 article-title: Treatment of latent tuberculosis infection-an update. publication-title: Clin Chest Med – volume: 27 start-page: 805 year: 2021 end-page: 812 ident: r18 article-title: Effectiveness of preventive therapy for persons exposed at home to drug-resistant tuberculosis, Karachi, Pakistan. publication-title: Emerg Infect Dis – volume: 33 start-page: 939 year: 2015 end-page: 955 ident: r2 article-title: Costs to health services and the patient of treating tuberculosis: a systematic literature review. publication-title: Pharmacoeconomics – ident: r19 article-title: (https://www.clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT03568383) – volume: 30 start-page: 2409 year: 2011 end-page: 2421 ident: r15 article-title: The use of restricted mean survival time to estimate the treatment effect in randomized clinical trials when the proportional hazards assumption is in doubt. publication-title: Stat Med – volume: 23 start-page: 328 year: 2022 end-page: 328 ident: r14 article-title: Planning a method for covariate adjustment in individually randomised trials: a practical guide. publication-title: Trials – volume: 8 start-page: 392 year: 2004 end-page: 402 ident: r9 article-title: The natural history of childhood intra-thoracic tuberculosis: a critical review of literature from the pre-chemotherapy era. publication-title: Int J Tuberc Lung Dis – volume: 19 start-page: 693 year: 2018 end-page: 693 ident: r12 article-title: Levofloxacin versus placebo for the prevention of tuberculosis disease in child contacts of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis: study protocol for a phase III cluster randomised controlled trial (TB-CHAMP). publication-title: Trials – volume: 10 start-page: e1034 issue: 7 year: 2022 end-page: e1044 ident: r21 article-title: The global impact of household contact management for children on multidrug-resistant and rifampicin-resistant tuberculosis cases, deaths, and health-system costs in 2019: a modelling study. publication-title: Lancet Glob Health – volume: 391 start-page: 2304 year: 2024 end-page: 2314 ident: r20 article-title: Levofloxacin for the prevention of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis in Vietnam. publication-title: N Engl J Med – year: 2022 ident: r1 article-title: Global tuberculosis report 2022 ;(https://www.who.int/teams/global-tuberculosis-programme/tb-reports/global-tuberculosis-report-2022) – volume: 16 start-page: 1193 year: 2016 end-page: 1201 ident: r3 article-title: Global burden of drug-resistant tuberculosis in children: a mathematical modelling study. publication-title: Lancet Infect Dis – volume: 34 start-page: 271 year: 2013 end-page: 286 ident: r4 article-title: Prospects for tuberculosis elimination. publication-title: Annu Rev Public Health – volume: 61 start-page: S179 year: 2015 end-page: S187 ident: r13 article-title: Clinical case definitions for classification of intrathoracic tuberculosis in children: an update. publication-title: Clin Infect Dis – ident: e_1_3_5_15_2 doi: 10.1186/s13063-022-06097-z – ident: e_1_3_5_20_2 – ident: e_1_3_5_9_2 – ident: e_1_3_5_22_2 doi: 10.1016/S2214-109X(22)00113-9 – ident: e_1_3_5_23_2 doi: 10.1093/cid/ciad557 – ident: e_1_3_5_8_2 doi: 10.1093/cid/cix208 – ident: e_1_3_5_16_2 doi: 10.1002/sim.4274 – ident: e_1_3_5_19_2 doi: 10.3201/eid2703.203916 – ident: e_1_3_5_4_2 doi: 10.1016/S1473-3099(16)30132-3 – ident: e_1_3_5_7_2 doi: 10.1016/j.ccm.2019.07.008 – ident: e_1_3_5_24_2 doi: 10.2165/00003495-200363240-00008 – ident: e_1_3_5_18_2 doi: 10.1186/1471-2334-13-392 – ident: e_1_3_5_11_2 doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30166-5 – ident: e_1_3_5_6_2 – ident: e_1_3_5_17_2 doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2019-033945 – volume: 8 start-page: 392 year: 2004 ident: e_1_3_5_10_2 article-title: The natural history of childhood intra-thoracic tuberculosis: a critical review of literature from the pre-chemotherapy era. publication-title: Int J Tuberc Lung Dis – ident: e_1_3_5_13_2 doi: 10.1186/s13063-018-3070-0 – ident: e_1_3_5_21_2 doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa2314325 – ident: e_1_3_5_3_2 doi: 10.1007/s40273-015-0279-6 – ident: e_1_3_5_25_2 doi: 10.1016/S1473-3099(18)30222-6 – ident: e_1_3_5_12_2 doi: 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2016-209421 – ident: e_1_3_5_5_2 doi: 10.1146/annurev-publhealth-031912-114431 – ident: e_1_3_5_14_2 doi: 10.1093/cid/civ581 – ident: e_1_3_5_2_2 |
| SSID | ssj0000149 |
| Score | 2.5848937 |
| Snippet | In this randomized, controlled trial involving children with household exposure to multidrug-resistant tuberculosis, levofloxacin led to a lower incidence of... Worldwide, approximately 2 million children younger than 15 years of age are infected with multidrug-resistant (MDR) , with MDR tuberculosis developing in... AbstractBackgroundWorldwide, approximately 2 million children younger than 15 years of age are infected with multidrug-resistant (MDR) Mycobacterium... Worldwide, approximately 2 million children younger than 15 years of age are infected with multidrug-resistant (MDR) Mycobacterium tuberculosis, with MDR... |
| SourceID | proquest pubmed crossref mms |
| SourceType | Aggregation Database Index Database Enrichment Source Publisher |
| StartPage | 2315 |
| SubjectTerms | Adolescent Adolescent Medicine Adverse events Age Antibiotics Antitubercular Agents - administration & dosage Antitubercular Agents - adverse effects Caregivers Child Child, Preschool Childhood Diseases Children Disease prevention Double-Blind Method Drug dosages Female Global Health HIV HIV Infections - complications Human immunodeficiency virus Humans Incidence Infant Infections Infectious Disease Infectious Disease General Interferon-gamma Release Tests Kaplan-Meier Estimate Levofloxacin Levofloxacin - administration & dosage Levofloxacin - adverse effects Male Multidrug resistance Mycobacterium tuberculosis - drug effects Mycobacterium tuberculosis - immunology Mycobacterium tuberculosis - isolation & purification Patients Pediatrics Pediatrics General Placebos Sensitivity analysis South Africa - epidemiology Teenagers Tuberculosis Tuberculosis, Multidrug-Resistant - diagnosis Tuberculosis, Multidrug-Resistant - drug therapy Tuberculosis, Multidrug-Resistant - prevention & control Tuberculosis, Multidrug-Resistant - transmission Tuberculosis, Pulmonary - diagnosis Tuberculosis, Pulmonary - drug therapy Tuberculosis, Pulmonary - prevention & control Tuberculosis, Pulmonary - transmission γ-Interferon |
| SubjectTermsDisplay | Adolescent Medicine Childhood Diseases Global Health Infectious Disease Infectious Disease General Pediatrics Pediatrics General Tuberculosis |
| SummonAdditionalLinks | – databaseName: New England Journal of Medicine Current dbid: DCD link: http://cvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwlV3da9swED_arJS9dOvXmi4LGpQ-1dSxJEt6HEnKBkspJYO8GcmSICWxS5yE_vmVHDm0jDD2aOuMxX1wP-mk-wFcxUoLkcQssopYv0BREXc4PKJMa0YozpXmNdkEu7_nk4l42IPb5i5MYZ7mdQHfR7TfgW7Y4W89N3wpHRxxKY_vwwfva96NB_3Bm35RAe-GLaPQVPOvz98lof35vNqNL-s8c_fpv2f4GY4CpEQ_Nj5wDHumOIHDUSian8Kv32Zd2ln5It0zano2rQ0aN4fMkXvfD7e60fDluayMRssSjQaPaLxSZpGvZmU1rc7gz91w3P8ZBQaFKMe0t4ykxVxJxaXmOqaSJdpaQakxDvhZkvKYKmaYdnlcctkTxHKtqXYYKFa9HOMUn0OrKAtzAShJqae5SkwsDXEYQ2KSaEqI1Q7EyDhvw02j0iwP7cU9y8Usq8vcNM3eqacN11vx501fjV2CXWefzGt9l0CnMV0W4q_K3BDzizVG2_B9O-wix5dDZGHK1UbG78IJ1oYvG5Nvp4JFKjAlyeW__v4VPiYO5vgDLj3RgdZysTLf4CBfL6fVolt75yuk8Nx1 priority: 102 providerName: Massachusetts Medical Society |
| Title | Levofloxacin Preventive Treatment in Children Exposed to MDR Tuberculosis |
| URI | https://nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa2314318 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/39693542 https://www.proquest.com/docview/3147086275 https://www.proquest.com/docview/3147129097 |
| Volume | 391 |
| WOSCitedRecordID | wos001381377700006&url=https%3A%2F%2Fcvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com%2F%23%21%2Fsearch%3Fho%3Df%26include.ft.matches%3Dt%26l%3Dnull%26q%3D |
| hasFullText | 1 |
| inHoldings | 1 |
| isFullTextHit | |
| isPrint | |
| journalDatabaseRights | – providerCode: PRVBGY databaseName: New England Journal of Medicine Current customDbUrl: eissn: 1533-4406 dateEnd: 99991231 omitProxy: false ssIdentifier: ssj0000149 issn: 0028-4793 databaseCode: DCD dateStart: 19900101 isFulltext: true titleUrlDefault: https://www.nejm.org/medical-index providerName: Massachusetts Medical Society – providerCode: PRVPQU databaseName: Biological Science Database customDbUrl: eissn: 1533-4406 dateEnd: 20250909 omitProxy: false ssIdentifier: ssj0000149 issn: 0028-4793 databaseCode: M7P dateStart: 19800103 isFulltext: true titleUrlDefault: http://search.proquest.com/biologicalscijournals providerName: ProQuest – providerCode: PRVPQU databaseName: Consumer Health Database customDbUrl: eissn: 1533-4406 dateEnd: 20250909 omitProxy: false ssIdentifier: ssj0000149 issn: 0028-4793 databaseCode: M0R dateStart: 19800103 isFulltext: true titleUrlDefault: https://search.proquest.com/familyhealth providerName: ProQuest – providerCode: PRVPQU databaseName: Health Medical collection customDbUrl: eissn: 1533-4406 dateEnd: 20250909 omitProxy: false ssIdentifier: ssj0000149 issn: 0028-4793 databaseCode: 7X7 dateStart: 19800103 isFulltext: true titleUrlDefault: https://search.proquest.com/healthcomplete providerName: ProQuest – providerCode: PRVPQU databaseName: Healthcare Administration Database customDbUrl: eissn: 1533-4406 dateEnd: 20250909 omitProxy: false ssIdentifier: ssj0000149 issn: 0028-4793 databaseCode: M0T dateStart: 19800103 isFulltext: true titleUrlDefault: https://search.proquest.com/healthmanagement providerName: ProQuest – providerCode: PRVPQU databaseName: Nursing & Allied Health Database customDbUrl: eissn: 1533-4406 dateEnd: 20250909 omitProxy: false ssIdentifier: ssj0000149 issn: 0028-4793 databaseCode: 7RV dateStart: 19800103 isFulltext: true titleUrlDefault: https://search.proquest.com/nahs providerName: ProQuest – providerCode: PRVPQU databaseName: ProQuest Central customDbUrl: eissn: 1533-4406 dateEnd: 20250909 omitProxy: false ssIdentifier: ssj0000149 issn: 0028-4793 databaseCode: BENPR dateStart: 19800103 isFulltext: true titleUrlDefault: https://www.proquest.com/central providerName: ProQuest – providerCode: PRVPQU databaseName: Psychology Database customDbUrl: eissn: 1533-4406 dateEnd: 20250909 omitProxy: false ssIdentifier: ssj0000149 issn: 0028-4793 databaseCode: M2M dateStart: 19800103 isFulltext: true titleUrlDefault: https://www.proquest.com/psychology providerName: ProQuest – providerCode: PRVPQU databaseName: Public Health Database customDbUrl: eissn: 1533-4406 dateEnd: 20250909 omitProxy: false ssIdentifier: ssj0000149 issn: 0028-4793 databaseCode: 8C1 dateStart: 19800103 isFulltext: true titleUrlDefault: https://search.proquest.com/publichealth providerName: ProQuest – providerCode: PRVPQU databaseName: Research Library customDbUrl: eissn: 1533-4406 dateEnd: 20250909 omitProxy: false ssIdentifier: ssj0000149 issn: 0028-4793 databaseCode: M2O dateStart: 19800103 isFulltext: true titleUrlDefault: https://search.proquest.com/pqrl providerName: ProQuest – providerCode: PRVPQU databaseName: Science Database customDbUrl: eissn: 1533-4406 dateEnd: 20250909 omitProxy: false ssIdentifier: ssj0000149 issn: 0028-4793 databaseCode: M2P dateStart: 19800103 isFulltext: true titleUrlDefault: https://search.proquest.com/sciencejournals providerName: ProQuest |
| link | http://cvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwpV1Nj9MwEB3RXYS4LJ_LFpbKSIgT0SaxHTsnBG1XIJESVQX1FtmxLS1qk9K01f587NQp7KFcuDzJySiyMrbnZWYyA_A2lCpN45AFRhLjPlBkwC0PDyhTihGKS6l422yCTSZ8Pk9z73BrfFpldya2B7WqS-cjv8IRYY5-M_ph9StwXaNcdNW30OjBqWU2kUvpyuL8r_JRnv56D5KvsWlt_pXrNF8LS26sAeV3bFJvuWyO083W7Fw_-t8JP4YzTzjRx_0KeQL3dPUUHmQ-pP4MvnzVu9os6lthx6ir6LTTaNaloCN7fej_-Ubj21XdaIU2NcpGUzTbSr0ut4u6uWmew_fr8Wz4OfD9FYIS02gTCIO5FJILxVVIBYuVMSmlWltaaEjCQyqZZspaecFFlBLDlaLKMqRQRiXGCT6Hk6qu9AWgOKGuCVasQ6GJZSACk1hRQoyyFEeEZR_ed2-4KH3xcdcDY1G0QXCaFHcU0od3B_HVvurGMcGBVVdR6Z_LYwKXnXYKvzub4o9q-vDmcNvuKxcsEZWut3sZ56NLWR9e7FfAYSo4TVJMSfzy3w9_BQ9jS4Fc8kuUXsLJZr3Vr-F-udvcNOsB9Nj0h8M5a5Fb5MNoAKefxpN8akej4chiFk5bnDmMsxa_tZg7ZPlvkNX35Q |
| linkProvider | ProQuest |
| linkToHtml | http://cvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMw1V1bb9MwFD7aBgJexm2DwhhGAp6IlvoSOw8IoV20am01oSLtLdixIw21cWnaMv4Uv3F24hT2UN72wGOSIyuJP5_z2T4-H8DbWOk0xTGPCkULP0FRkXA8PGJca04ZyZUWtdgEHw7FxUV6vgG_27MwPq2y9Ym1o9Y292vkB6RLuaffnH2a_oi8apTfXW0lNBpYnJlfP92UrfrYO3L9-w7jk-PR4WkUVAWinLDuPJIFEUoqIbXQMZMc66JIGTPGkaGCJiJmihuuXWyTQropfiG0Ztrxglh1c0IS4trdhDvUVxbzqYL4_K9yVYFuhxWrUNPTcYwDr2xvpSNTLmCLGzFwczKp1tPbOsydPPzfftAj2A6EGn1uRsBj2DDlE7g3CCkDT6HXN0tbjO2VdNeorVi1NGjUptgjd_8wnGlHx1dTWxmN5hYNjr6g0UKZWb4Y2-qy2oGvt_Ihu7BV2tI8B4QT5kW-sImloY5hSUKxZpQW2lE4Gecd-ND2aJaH4upe42Oc1Zv8LMluAKAD71fm06aqyDrDfQePrDTfJ-sM9lo0ZMH7VNkfKHTgzeqx8xt-M0iWxi4aG78GmfIOPGsQt3oVkiYpYRS_-Hfjr-H-6WjQz_q94dlLeIAd3fOJPt10D7bms4V5BXfz5fyymu3XwwTBt9uG3TXFl0qs |
| linkToPdf | http://cvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMw1V3Pb9MwFH7aBpq48PtHYQwjASeipnYcOweE0LqKams1TUXaLTixLQ21SWnaMv41_jqeE6ewQ7ntwDHJk5XEn9_7bD-_D-BNmOkkoaEIbBZZN0HJAok8POBCaxFxlmda1mITYjyWFxfJ2Q78as_CuLTK1ifWjlqXuVsj77JeJBz9FrxrfVrEWX_wcf49cApSbqe1ldNoIHJifv7A6Vv1YdjHvn5L6eB4cvQ58AoDQc54bxkoy2SmMqm01CFXgmprE86NQWJko1iGPBNGaIxzSiqc7lupNdfIEcKslzMWM2x3F27hR1FXt38Unv9VuspTb7965et7It_oOpX7UiGxwuAtr8XD3dms2k5165A3uPc__6z7cNcTbfKpGRkPYMcUD2F_5FMJHsHw1KxLOy2vFF6TtpLV2pBJm3pP8P6RP-tOjq_mZWU0WZZk1D8nk1VmFvlqWlaX1WP4ciMf8gT2irIwz4DQmDvxL2pCZSJkXopFVPMoshqpnQrzDrxvezfNfdF1p_0xTevNfx6n18DQgXcb83lTbWSb4SFCJS3Mt9k2g4MWGan3SlX6BxYdeL15jP7EbRKpwpSrxsatTSaiA08b9G1ehSVxwnhEn_-78Vewj2hLT4fjkxdwhyILdPk_veQA9paLlXkJt_P18rJaHNYjhsDXm0bdb2wwU28 |
| openUrl | ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info%3Aofi%2Fenc%3AUTF-8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsummon.serialssolutions.com&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Levofloxacin+Preventive+Treatment+in+Children+Exposed+to+MDR+Tuberculosis&rft.jtitle=The+New+England+journal+of+medicine&rft.au=Hesseling%2C+Anneke+C&rft.au=Purchase%2C+Susan+E&rft.au=Martinson%2C+Neil+A&rft.au=Fairlie%2C+Lee&rft.date=2024-12-19&rft.pub=Massachusetts+Medical+Society&rft.issn=0028-4793&rft.eissn=1533-4406&rft.volume=391&rft.issue=24&rft.spage=2315&rft.epage=2326&rft_id=info:doi/10.1056%2FNEJMoa2314318&rft.externalDBID=HAS_PDF_LINK |
| thumbnail_l | http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/lc.gif&issn=0028-4793&client=summon |
| thumbnail_m | http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/mc.gif&issn=0028-4793&client=summon |
| thumbnail_s | http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/sc.gif&issn=0028-4793&client=summon |