An Energy and Performance Efficient DVFS Scheme for Irregular Parallel Divide-and-Conquer Algorithms on the Intel SCC
The divide-and-conquer paradigm can be used to express many computationally significant problems, but an important subset of these applications is inherently load-imbalanced. Load balancing is a challenge for irregular parallel divide-and-conquer algorithms and efficiently solving these applications...
Saved in:
| Published in: | IEEE computer architecture letters Vol. 13; no. 1; pp. 13 - 16 |
|---|---|
| Main Authors: | , , , |
| Format: | Journal Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
New York
IEEE
01.01.2014
The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE) |
| Subjects: | |
| ISSN: | 1556-6056, 1556-6064 |
| Online Access: | Get full text |
| Tags: |
Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
|
| Abstract | The divide-and-conquer paradigm can be used to express many computationally significant problems, but an important subset of these applications is inherently load-imbalanced. Load balancing is a challenge for irregular parallel divide-and-conquer algorithms and efficiently solving these applications will be a key requirement for future many-core systems. To address the load imbalance issue, instead of attempting to dynamically balancing the workloads, this paper proposes an energy and performance efficient Dynamic Voltage and Frequency Scaling (DVFS) scheduling scheme, which takes into account the load imbalance behavior exhibited by these applications. More specifically, we examine the core of the divide-and-conquer paradigm and determine that the base-case-reached point where recursion stops is a suitable place in a divide-and-conquer paradigm to apply the proposed DVFS scheme. To evaluate the proposed scheme, we implement four representative irregular parallel divide-and-conquer algorithms, tree traversal, quicksort, finding primes, and n-queens puzzle, on the Intel Single-chip Cloud Computer (SCC) many-core machine. We demonstrate that, on average, the proposed scheme can improve performance by 41% while reducing energy consumption by 36% compared to the baseline running the whole computation with the default frequency configuration (400MHz). |
|---|---|
| AbstractList | The divide-and-conquer paradigm can be used to express many computationally significant problems, but an important subset of these applications is inherently load-imbalanced. Load balancing is a challenge for irregular parallel divide-and-conquer algorithms and efficiently solving these applications will be a key requirement for future many-core systems. To address the load imbalance issue, instead of attempting to dynamically balancing the workloads, this paper proposes an energy and performance efficient Dynamic Voltage and Frequency Scaling (DVFS) scheduling scheme, which takes into account the load imbalance behavior exhibited by these applications. More specifically, we examine the core of the divide-and-conquer paradigm and determine that the base-case-reached point where recursion stops is a suitable place in a divide-and-conquer paradigm to apply the proposed DVFS scheme. To evaluate the proposed scheme, we implement four representative irregular parallel divide-and-conquer algorithms, tree traversal, quicksort, finding primes, and n-queens puzzle, on the Intel Single-chip Cloud Computer (SCC) many-core machine. We demonstrate that, on average, the proposed scheme can improve performance by 41% while reducing energy consumption by 36% compared to the baseline running the whole computation with the default frequency configuration (400MHz). |
| Author | Shaoshan Liu Gaudiot, Jeen-Luc Yu-Liang Chou Eui-Young Chung |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 surname: Yu-Liang Chou fullname: Yu-Liang Chou email: d943010010@gmail.com organization: Univ. of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA – sequence: 2 surname: Shaoshan Liu fullname: Shaoshan Liu email: shaoliu@microsoft.com – sequence: 3 surname: Eui-Young Chung fullname: Eui-Young Chung email: eychung@yonsei.ac.kr organization: Yonsei Univ., Yonsei, South Korea – sequence: 4 givenname: Jeen-Luc surname: Gaudiot fullname: Gaudiot, Jeen-Luc email: gaudiot@uci.edu organization: Univ. of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA |
| BookMark | eNp1kM1LAzEQxYMoWD9OHr0EPMrWzG4Sd4_LWrVQUKh6Ddl00ka2iWZTof-9K5UeBE8zML_35vFOyKEPHgm5ADYGYNXNLGvqcc6gGMMBGYEQMpNM8sP9LuQxOen7d8a4LEo-Ipva04nHuNxS7Rf0GaMNca29QTqx1hmHPtG7t_s5nZsVrpEOZzqNEZebTkf6rKPuOuzonftyC8wGj6wJ_nODkdbdMkSXVuueBk_TCunUpwGdN80ZObK66_H8d56S1_vJS_OYzZ4epk09y0whIGVFbkVrbvWClVzkrUZoTWkQbJuL1moUpbCCY6VbDTzHHEW-EFXLW10ZqcuyOCVXO9-PGIZMfVLvYRP98FKBlBzKQgIbqOsdZWLo-4hWfUS31nGrgKmfXtVMNbX66VXBQMMf2rikkws-Re26fzSXO41DxL275GVV3ULxDZfshhQ |
| CODEN | ICALC3 |
| CitedBy_id | crossref_primary_10_1109_ACCESS_2019_2896253 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_sysarc_2021_102093 crossref_primary_10_48084_etasr_10006 |
| Cites_doi | 10.1109/TC.2012.88 10.1007/s11390-013-1308-6 10.1016/j.jpdc.2012.01.006 10.1016/j.jpdc.2008.04.007 10.1109/71.219757 10.1109/SC.2010.53 |
| ContentType | Journal Article |
| Copyright | Copyright The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE) Jan-Jun 2014 |
| Copyright_xml | – notice: Copyright The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE) Jan-Jun 2014 |
| DBID | 97E RIA RIE AAYXX CITATION 7SC 7SP 8FD JQ2 L7M L~C L~D |
| DOI | 10.1109/L-CA.2013.1 |
| DatabaseName | IEEE All-Society Periodicals Package (ASPP) 2005–Present IEEE All-Society Periodicals Package (ASPP) 1998–Present IEEE Electronic Library (IEL) CrossRef Computer and Information Systems Abstracts Electronics & Communications Abstracts Technology Research Database ProQuest Computer Science Collection Advanced Technologies Database with Aerospace Computer and Information Systems Abstracts Academic Computer and Information Systems Abstracts Professional |
| DatabaseTitle | CrossRef Technology Research Database Computer and Information Systems Abstracts – Academic Electronics & Communications Abstracts ProQuest Computer Science Collection Computer and Information Systems Abstracts Advanced Technologies Database with Aerospace Computer and Information Systems Abstracts Professional |
| DatabaseTitleList | Technology Research Database |
| Database_xml | – sequence: 1 dbid: RIE name: IEEE Electronic Library (IEL) url: https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ sourceTypes: Publisher |
| DeliveryMethod | fulltext_linktorsrc |
| Discipline | Computer Science |
| EISSN | 1556-6064 |
| EndPage | 16 |
| ExternalDocumentID | 3627242741 10_1109_L_CA_2013_1 6489971 |
| Genre | orig-research |
| GrantInformation_xml | – fundername: US National Science Foundation grantid: CCF-1065448 – fundername: Ministry of Education, Science and Technology grantid: 2012-047670 – fundername: National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) grantid: 2012S1A2A1A01031420 – fundername: National Science Council grantid: NSC 101-2917-1-564-079 |
| GroupedDBID | 0R~ 29I 4.4 5GY 5VS 6IK 97E AAJGR AARMG AASAJ AAWTH ABAZT ABQJQ ABVLG ACGFS ACIWK AENEX AETIX AGQYO AGSQL AHBIQ AIBXA AKJIK AKQYR ALMA_UNASSIGNED_HOLDINGS ATWAV BEFXN BFFAM BGNUA BKEBE BPEOZ CS3 DU5 EBS EJD HZ~ IEDLZ IFIPE IPLJI JAVBF LAI M43 O9- OCL PQQKQ RIA RIE RNI RNS RZB AAYXX CITATION 7SC 7SP 8FD JQ2 L7M L~C L~D |
| ID | FETCH-LOGICAL-c351t-32f5bc7ad08452bae1bc8ce1fb25bfae585f54e9aba142e2e52d59b4ba9c6a883 |
| IEDL.DBID | RIE |
| ISICitedReferencesCount | 5 |
| ISICitedReferencesURI | http://www.webofscience.com/api/gateway?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=Summon&SrcAuth=ProQuest&DestLinkType=CitingArticles&DestApp=WOS_CPL&KeyUT=000344987900004&url=https%3A%2F%2Fcvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com%2F%23%21%2Fsearch%3Fho%3Df%26include.ft.matches%3Dt%26l%3Dnull%26q%3D |
| ISSN | 1556-6056 |
| IngestDate | Sun Nov 30 05:18:50 EST 2025 Tue Nov 18 22:25:26 EST 2025 Sat Nov 29 01:34:53 EST 2025 Wed Aug 27 02:48:47 EDT 2025 |
| IsPeerReviewed | true |
| IsScholarly | true |
| Issue | 1 |
| Keywords | Load Imbalance Divide-and-conquer Intel SCC DVFS |
| Language | English |
| License | https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/Xplorehelp/downloads/license-information/IEEE.html |
| LinkModel | DirectLink |
| MergedId | FETCHMERGED-LOGICAL-c351t-32f5bc7ad08452bae1bc8ce1fb25bfae585f54e9aba142e2e52d59b4ba9c6a883 |
| Notes | ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 14 |
| PQID | 1664183610 |
| PQPubID | 75728 |
| PageCount | 4 |
| ParticipantIDs | crossref_primary_10_1109_L_CA_2013_1 proquest_journals_1664183610 crossref_citationtrail_10_1109_L_CA_2013_1 ieee_primary_6489971 |
| PublicationCentury | 2000 |
| PublicationDate | 2014-01-01 |
| PublicationDateYYYYMMDD | 2014-01-01 |
| PublicationDate_xml | – month: 01 year: 2014 text: 2014-01-01 day: 01 |
| PublicationDecade | 2010 |
| PublicationPlace | New York |
| PublicationPlace_xml | – name: New York |
| PublicationTitle | IEEE computer architecture letters |
| PublicationTitleAbbrev | LCA |
| PublicationYear | 2014 |
| Publisher | IEEE The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE) |
| Publisher_xml | – name: IEEE – name: The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE) |
| References | van nieuwpoort (ref3) 2004 hardwick (ref2) 1997 ref7 etinski (ref12) 2012; 72 ref9 ref6 ref11 eriksson (ref1) 0 (ref8) 0 freeh (ref4) 2008; 68 chen (ref10) 2004 (ref5) 0 |
| References_xml | – ident: ref6 doi: 10.1109/TC.2012.88 – year: 0 ident: ref8 article-title: RCCE: A small library for many-core communication – year: 2004 ident: ref3 article-title: Adaptive Load Balancing for Divide-and-Conquer Grid Applications publication-title: Journal of Supercomputing – year: 2004 ident: ref10 publication-title: Implementation of parallel algorithms – ident: ref7 doi: 10.1007/s11390-013-1308-6 – year: 0 ident: ref5 article-title: The SCC Platform Overview – start-page: 313 year: 0 ident: ref1 article-title: Load Balancing of Irregular Parallel Divide-and-Conquer Algorithms in Group-SPMD Programming Environments publication-title: Proc 8th Workshop Parallel Systems Algorithms – volume: 72 start-page: 579 year: 2012 ident: ref12 article-title: Understanding the future of energy-performance trade-off via DVFS in HPC environments publication-title: Journal of Parallel and Distributed Computing doi: 10.1016/j.jpdc.2012.01.006 – volume: 68 start-page: 1175 year: 2008 ident: ref4 article-title: Just-in-Time Dynamic Voltage Scaling: Exploiting Inter-Node Slack to Save Energy in MPI Programs publication-title: Journal of Parallel and Distributed Computing doi: 10.1016/j.jpdc.2008.04.007 – ident: ref11 doi: 10.1109/71.219757 – ident: ref9 doi: 10.1109/SC.2010.53 – year: 1997 ident: ref2 publication-title: Practical Parallel Divide-and-Conquer Algorithms |
| SSID | ssj0046384 |
| Score | 1.9499131 |
| Snippet | The divide-and-conquer paradigm can be used to express many computationally significant problems, but an important subset of these applications is inherently... |
| SourceID | proquest crossref ieee |
| SourceType | Aggregation Database Enrichment Source Index Database Publisher |
| StartPage | 13 |
| SubjectTerms | Algorithms D Software/Software Engineering D.4 Operating Systems D.4.7 Organization and Design D.4.7.b Distributed systems D.4.7.f Parallel systems D.4.8.a Measurements < D.4.8 Performance < D.4 Operating Systems < D Software/Software Engineering Distributed prcessing Divide & conquer algorithms Operating systems Parallel processing Performance evaluation Software engiineering |
| Title | An Energy and Performance Efficient DVFS Scheme for Irregular Parallel Divide-and-Conquer Algorithms on the Intel SCC |
| URI | https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/6489971 https://www.proquest.com/docview/1664183610 |
| Volume | 13 |
| WOSCitedRecordID | wos000344987900004&url=https%3A%2F%2Fcvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com%2F%23%21%2Fsearch%3Fho%3Df%26include.ft.matches%3Dt%26l%3Dnull%26q%3D |
| hasFullText | 1 |
| inHoldings | 1 |
| isFullTextHit | |
| isPrint | |
| journalDatabaseRights | – providerCode: PRVIEE databaseName: IEEE Electronic Library (IEL) customDbUrl: eissn: 1556-6064 dateEnd: 99991231 omitProxy: false ssIdentifier: ssj0046384 issn: 1556-6056 databaseCode: RIE dateStart: 20020101 isFulltext: true titleUrlDefault: https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ providerName: IEEE |
| link | http://cvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwlV1Lb9QwELZKxYELhRbEQqnm0BPCbZz4kRyjdFdUqqqVCqi3yHYmtNI2qbK7_H7G3uwiRC-9RYo9Sjz2PGx_8zF22hToWmEMl7rJuCQfw3MtHDetwSJR1qq2iWQT5vo6v70t5nvs6w4Lg4jx8hmehcd4lt_0fh22ys61pOwgAMZfGKM3WK2t1ZU0j-IJslKaU4iuRyyeSIrzK16V4RJXdib-8T6RTuU_Gxwdy-zgeZ_0hr0eA0goNxp_y_awO2QHW3IGGNfqEVuXHUwjsA9s18D8L0AAprFsBMmFi5-zG-pyhw8I9BouhyFy0w8wt0NgWVnARcBrIScZvOo7-oMBysWvfrhf3T0soe-AIkiIYBS4qap37Mds-r36xkeOBe4zJVY8S1vlvLFNkkuVOovC-dyjaF2qXGuRsolWSSyss0KmmKJKG1U46Wzhtc3z7D3b7_oOPzCgSDA1XpKS80yqJNRtVko5m3rvFCVKE_ZlO_a1HwuQBx6MRR0TkaSor-qqrIOiajFhp7vGj5u6G083Owo62TUZ1TFhx1ul1uOaXNZCa0kGjOLFj0_3-sRekVS52WA5ZvurYY2f2Uv_e3W_HE7idPsDoyLUrA |
| linkProvider | IEEE |
| linkToHtml | http://cvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwlV3NT9swFLcQTGKXwcamlcHmAyeEIXbsfByj0Aq0rqoETNws23kZSCWZ0pa_f89u2gmNy26R8ux8PPt92P69HyEnVQ625mnKZFLFTKKPYVnCLUvrFPJIGaPqKpBNpJNJdn-fT7fI2QYLAwDh8Bmc-8uwl1-1bumXyi4SidmBB4zvKClFtEJrre2uxJEU9pCVShgG6UmPxuNRfjFmZeGPccXn_IX_CYQq_1jh4FpGe__3UvvkXR9C0mKl8_dkC5oPZG9Nz0D72XpAlkVDhwHaR01T0elfiAAdhsIR2C-9_Dm6wSYP8AQUb9Prrgvs9B2dms7zrMzopUdsAcM-WNk2-AUdLWa_2u5x8fA0p21DMYakAY5Cb8ryI7kbDW_LK9azLDAXK75gsaiVdampokwqYQ1w6zIHvLZC2doA5hO1kpAba7gUIECJSuVWWpO7xGRZ_IlsN20DnwnFWFCkTqKas1iqyFduVkpZI5yzClOlATld_3vt-hLkngljpkMqEuV6rMtCe0VpPiAnG-Hfq8obr4sdeJ1sRHp1DMjRWqm6n5VzzZNEognDiPHw9VbfyO7V7Y-xHl9Pvn8hb_EJcrXcckS2F90Sjskb97x4nHdfw9D7A9jS1_M |
| openUrl | ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info%3Aofi%2Fenc%3AUTF-8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsummon.serialssolutions.com&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=An+Energy+and+Performance+Efficient+DVFS+Scheme+for+Irregular+Parallel+Divide-and-Conquer+Algorithms+on+the+Intel+SCC&rft.jtitle=IEEE+computer+architecture+letters&rft.au=Chou%2C+Yu-Liang&rft.au=Liu%2C+Shaoshan&rft.au=Chung%2C+Eui-Young&rft.au=Gaudiot%2C+Jeen-Luc&rft.date=2014-01-01&rft.pub=The+Institute+of+Electrical+and+Electronics+Engineers%2C+Inc.+%28IEEE%29&rft.issn=1556-6056&rft.eissn=1556-6064&rft.volume=13&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=13&rft_id=info:doi/10.1109%2FL-CA.2013.1&rft.externalDBID=NO_FULL_TEXT&rft.externalDocID=3627242741 |
| thumbnail_l | http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/lc.gif&issn=1556-6056&client=summon |
| thumbnail_m | http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/mc.gif&issn=1556-6056&client=summon |
| thumbnail_s | http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/sc.gif&issn=1556-6056&client=summon |