Multiphase and Multivariable Linear Controllers That Account for the Joint Torques in Normal Human Walking

Objective: The objective of this paper is to investigate whether a small number of sequentially composed multivariable linear controllers can be used to recover a defining relation between the joint torques, angles, and velocities hidden in the walking data of multiple human subjects. Methods: We so...

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Vydané v:IEEE transactions on biomedical engineering Ročník 67; číslo 6; s. 1573 - 1584
Hlavní autori: Altinkaynak, Evrim S., Roig, Gemma, Braun, David J.
Médium: Journal Article
Jazyk:English
Vydavateľské údaje: United States IEEE 01.06.2020
The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE)
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Abstract Objective: The objective of this paper is to investigate whether a small number of sequentially composed multivariable linear controllers can be used to recover a defining relation between the joint torques, angles, and velocities hidden in the walking data of multiple human subjects. Methods: We solve a mixed integer programming problem that defines the optimal multivariable and multiphase relation between the torques, angles, and velocities for the hip, knee, and ankle joints. Results: Using the data of seven healthy subjects, we show that the aforementioned relation can be remarkably well represented by four sequentially composed and independently activated multivariable linear controllers; the controllers account for <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">\text{96.5}\pm \text{0.1}{\%}</tex-math></inline-formula> (mean <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">\pm</tex-math></inline-formula> sem) of the variance in the joint torques across subjects, and <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">\text{89.3}\pm \text{1.1}{\%}</tex-math></inline-formula> of the variance for a new subject. We further show that each controller is associated with one of the four phases of the gait cycle, separated by toe-off and heel-strike. Conclusion: The proposed controller generalizes previously developed multiphase single variable, and single phase multivariable controllers, to a multiphase multivariable controller that better explains the walking data of multiple subjects, and better generalizes to new subjects. Significance: Our result provides strong support to extend previously developed decoupled single joint controllers to coupled multijoint multivariable controllers for the control of human assistive and augmentation devices.
AbstractList Objective: The objective of this paper is to investigate whether a small number of sequentially composed multivariable linear controllers can be used to recover a defining relation between the joint torques, angles, and velocities hidden in the walking data of multiple human subjects. Methods: We solve a mixed integer programming problem that defines the optimal multivariable and multiphase relation between the torques, angles, and velocities for the hip, knee, and ankle joints. Results: Using the data of seven healthy subjects, we show that the aforementioned relation can be remarkably well represented by four sequentially composed and independently activated multivariable linear controllers; the controllers account for [Formula Omitted] (mean [Formula Omitted] sem) of the variance in the joint torques across subjects, and [Formula Omitted] of the variance for a new subject. We further show that each controller is associated with one of the four phases of the gait cycle, separated by toe-off and heel-strike. Conclusion: The proposed controller generalizes previously developed multiphase single variable, and single phase multivariable controllers, to a multiphase multivariable controller that better explains the walking data of multiple subjects, and better generalizes to new subjects. Significance: Our result provides strong support to extend previously developed decoupled single joint controllers to coupled multijoint multivariable controllers for the control of human assistive and augmentation devices.
The objective of this paper is to investigate whether a small number of sequentially composed multivariable linear controllers can be used to recover a defining relation between the joint torques, angles, and velocities hidden in the walking data of multiple human subjects. We solve a mixed integer programming problem that defines the optimal multivariable and multiphase relation between the torques, angles, and velocities for the hip, knee, and ankle joints. Using the data of seven healthy subjects, we show that the aforementioned relation can be remarkably well represented by four sequentially composed and independently activated multivariable linear controllers; the controllers account for [Formula: see text] (mean ± sem) of the variance in the joint torques across subjects, and [Formula: see text] of the variance for a new subject. We further show that each controller is associated with one of the four phases of the gait cycle, separated by toe-off and heel-strike. The proposed controller generalizes previously developed multiphase single variable, and single phase multivariable controllers, to a multiphase multivariable controller that better explains the walking data of multiple subjects, and better generalizes to new subjects. Our result provides strong support to extend previously developed decoupled single joint controllers to coupled multijoint multivariable controllers for the control of human assistive and augmentation devices.
The objective of this paper is to investigate whether a small number of sequentially composed multivariable linear controllers can be used to recover a defining relation between the joint torques, angles, and velocities hidden in the walking data of multiple human subjects.OBJECTIVEThe objective of this paper is to investigate whether a small number of sequentially composed multivariable linear controllers can be used to recover a defining relation between the joint torques, angles, and velocities hidden in the walking data of multiple human subjects.We solve a mixed integer programming problem that defines the optimal multivariable and multiphase relation between the torques, angles, and velocities for the hip, knee, and ankle joints.METHODSWe solve a mixed integer programming problem that defines the optimal multivariable and multiphase relation between the torques, angles, and velocities for the hip, knee, and ankle joints.Using the data of seven healthy subjects, we show that the aforementioned relation can be remarkably well represented by four sequentially composed and independently activated multivariable linear controllers; the controllers account for [Formula: see text] (mean ± sem) of the variance in the joint torques across subjects, and [Formula: see text] of the variance for a new subject. We further show that each controller is associated with one of the four phases of the gait cycle, separated by toe-off and heel-strike.RESULTSUsing the data of seven healthy subjects, we show that the aforementioned relation can be remarkably well represented by four sequentially composed and independently activated multivariable linear controllers; the controllers account for [Formula: see text] (mean ± sem) of the variance in the joint torques across subjects, and [Formula: see text] of the variance for a new subject. We further show that each controller is associated with one of the four phases of the gait cycle, separated by toe-off and heel-strike.The proposed controller generalizes previously developed multiphase single variable, and single phase multivariable controllers, to a multiphase multivariable controller that better explains the walking data of multiple subjects, and better generalizes to new subjects.CONCLUSIONThe proposed controller generalizes previously developed multiphase single variable, and single phase multivariable controllers, to a multiphase multivariable controller that better explains the walking data of multiple subjects, and better generalizes to new subjects.Our result provides strong support to extend previously developed decoupled single joint controllers to coupled multijoint multivariable controllers for the control of human assistive and augmentation devices.SIGNIFICANCEOur result provides strong support to extend previously developed decoupled single joint controllers to coupled multijoint multivariable controllers for the control of human assistive and augmentation devices.
Objective: The objective of this paper is to investigate whether a small number of sequentially composed multivariable linear controllers can be used to recover a defining relation between the joint torques, angles, and velocities hidden in the walking data of multiple human subjects. Methods: We solve a mixed integer programming problem that defines the optimal multivariable and multiphase relation between the torques, angles, and velocities for the hip, knee, and ankle joints. Results: Using the data of seven healthy subjects, we show that the aforementioned relation can be remarkably well represented by four sequentially composed and independently activated multivariable linear controllers; the controllers account for <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">\text{96.5}\pm \text{0.1}{\%}</tex-math></inline-formula> (mean <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">\pm</tex-math></inline-formula> sem) of the variance in the joint torques across subjects, and <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">\text{89.3}\pm \text{1.1}{\%}</tex-math></inline-formula> of the variance for a new subject. We further show that each controller is associated with one of the four phases of the gait cycle, separated by toe-off and heel-strike. Conclusion: The proposed controller generalizes previously developed multiphase single variable, and single phase multivariable controllers, to a multiphase multivariable controller that better explains the walking data of multiple subjects, and better generalizes to new subjects. Significance: Our result provides strong support to extend previously developed decoupled single joint controllers to coupled multijoint multivariable controllers for the control of human assistive and augmentation devices.
Author Braun, David J.
Roig, Gemma
Altinkaynak, Evrim S.
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  givenname: Gemma
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  surname: Braun
  fullname: Braun, David J.
  email: david.braun@vanderbilt.edu
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BackLink https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31502961$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed
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Snippet Objective: The objective of this paper is to investigate whether a small number of sequentially composed multivariable linear controllers can be used to...
The objective of this paper is to investigate whether a small number of sequentially composed multivariable linear controllers can be used to recover a...
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StartPage 1573
SubjectTerms Ankle
Controllers
Couplings
Gait
Heels
Hip
Human locomotion
Integer programming
Joints (anatomy)
Knee
Legged locomotion
Mixed integer
Multiphase
multiphase and multivariable control
Multivariable control
Muscles
Torque
Variance
Walking
Title Multiphase and Multivariable Linear Controllers That Account for the Joint Torques in Normal Human Walking
URI https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/8827640
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31502961
https://www.proquest.com/docview/2405733476
https://www.proquest.com/docview/2288012087
Volume 67
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