SKIRT: Hybrid parallelization of radiative transfer simulations

We describe the design, implementation and performance of the new hybrid parallelization scheme in our Monte Carlo radiative transfer code SKIRT, which has been used extensively for modelling the continuum radiation of dusty astrophysical systems including late-type galaxies and dusty tori. The hybr...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Published in:Astronomy and computing Vol. 20; pp. 16 - 33
Main Authors: Verstocken, S., Van De Putte, D., Camps, P., Baes, M.
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier B.V 01.07.2017
Subjects:
Concurrency control — software and its engineering
Multiprocessing / multiprogramming / multitasking — software and its engineering
Multithreading — software and its engineering
Numerical — software and its engineering
Process synchronization
Radiative transfer — methods
Radiative transfer — methods
Concurrency control — software and its engineering
Multithreading — software and its engineering
Multiprocessing / multiprogramming / multitasking — software and its engineering
Numerical — software and its engineering
Process synchronization
ISSN:2213-1337, 2213-1345
Online Access:Get full text
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
Abstract We describe the design, implementation and performance of the new hybrid parallelization scheme in our Monte Carlo radiative transfer code SKIRT, which has been used extensively for modelling the continuum radiation of dusty astrophysical systems including late-type galaxies and dusty tori. The hybrid scheme combines distributed memory parallelization, using the standard Message Passing Interface (MPI) to communicate between processes, and shared memory parallelization, providing multiple execution threads within each process to avoid duplication of data structures. The synchronization between multiple threads is accomplished through atomic operations without high-level locking (also called lock-free programming). This improves the scaling behaviour of the code and substantially simplifies the implementation of the hybrid scheme. The result is an extremely flexible solution that adjusts to the number of available nodes, processors and memory, and consequently performs well on a wide variety of computing architectures.
AbstractList We describe the design, implementation and performance of the new hybrid parallelization scheme in our Monte Carlo radiative transfer code SKIRT, which has been used extensively for modelling the continuum radiation of dusty astrophysical systems including late-type galaxies and dusty tori. The hybrid scheme combines distributed memory parallelization, using the standard Message Passing Interface (MPI) to communicate between processes, and shared memory parallelization, providing multiple execution threads within each process to avoid duplication of data structures. The synchronization between multiple threads is accomplished through atomic operations without high-level locking (also called lock-free programming). This improves the scaling behaviour of the code and substantially simplifies the implementation of the hybrid scheme. The result is an extremely flexible solution that adjusts to the number of available nodes, processors and memory, and consequently performs well on a wide variety of computing architectures.
Author Verstocken, S.
Van De Putte, D.
Camps, P.
Baes, M.
Author_xml – sequence: 1
  givenname: S.
  orcidid: 0000-0003-0435-7587
  surname: Verstocken
  fullname: Verstocken, S.
  email: sam.verstocken@ugent.be
– sequence: 2
  givenname: D.
  surname: Van De Putte
  fullname: Van De Putte, D.
– sequence: 3
  givenname: P.
  orcidid: 0000-0002-4479-4119
  surname: Camps
  fullname: Camps, P.
– sequence: 4
  givenname: M.
  orcidid: 0000-0002-3930-2757
  surname: Baes
  fullname: Baes, M.
BookMark eNqFkF9LwzAQwINMcM59Al_6BVrzp0lTQUSGc8OBoPM5pMkFMrp2JHUwP71dJz74oPdyd3C_4-53iUZN2wBC1wRnBBNxs8l0NO02o5gUGeYZxuwMjSklLCUs56OfmhUXaBrjBvdR5oRTOUb3b8_L1_VtsjhUwdtkp4Oua6j9p-582yStS4K2vm_2kHRBN9FBSKLfftTDQLxC507XEabfeYLe54_r2SJdvTwtZw-r1LBcdikYSqUpNKso0yR3QghXFc4JrKkteJVLy7UhTAsLkjvg0pSM0QILQWXJBJug8rTXhDbGAE4Z3w0n9Ff5WhGsjjLURg0y1FGGwlz1MnqW_WJ3wW91OPxD3Z0o6N_aewgqGg-NAesDmE7Z1v_JfwGfwnvt
CitedBy_id crossref_primary_10_1093_mnras_stz1441
crossref_primary_10_1051_0004_6361_202038939
crossref_primary_10_1051_0004_6361_202245783
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_ascom_2020_100381
crossref_primary_10_1051_0004_6361_202347376
crossref_primary_10_1093_rasti_rzaf028
crossref_primary_10_1051_0004_6361_202555091
crossref_primary_10_3847_1538_4357_acb926
crossref_primary_10_1051_0004_6361_202450773
crossref_primary_10_1093_mnras_stz302
crossref_primary_10_1051_0004_6361_201833796
crossref_primary_10_1051_0004_6361_201935770
crossref_primary_10_1093_mnras_stac2277
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_cpc_2021_108198
crossref_primary_10_3847_1538_4365_abc487
crossref_primary_10_1051_0004_6361_202037476
crossref_primary_10_1093_mnras_stab2043
crossref_primary_10_1051_0004_6361_202244521
crossref_primary_10_1051_0004_6361_202348418
crossref_primary_10_1051_0004_6361_201834354
crossref_primary_10_1002_asna_20230052
crossref_primary_10_1051_0004_6361_202450658
crossref_primary_10_1051_0004_6361_202451207
crossref_primary_10_1093_mnras_stac719
crossref_primary_10_1051_0004_6361_201936176
crossref_primary_10_3847_1538_4365_aaa24c
crossref_primary_10_1007_s41115_019_0004_9
crossref_primary_10_1093_mnras_stz3557
crossref_primary_10_1017_S1743921319003016
Cites_doi 10.1016/j.ascom.2015.05.006
10.1145/173682.165164
10.1093/mnras/stv1104
10.1016/j.newast.2005.03.005
10.1051/0004-6361/201220854
10.1145/225830.224449
10.1088/0067-0049/196/2/22
10.1051/0004-6361/201526147
10.1051/0004-6361:20021761
10.1051/0004-6361/201628676
10.1086/111635
10.1093/mnras/stw1735
10.1051/0004-6361/201014644
10.1111/j.1365-2966.2011.19759.x
10.1088/0004-637X/751/1/27
10.1051/0004-6361/201424747
10.1111/j.1365-2966.2011.19775.x
10.1051/0004-6361:20021433
10.1146/annurev-astro-082812-141042
10.1051/0004-6361/201629251
10.1086/321336
10.1086/190466
10.1093/mnras/stu612
10.1088/0004-637X/742/2/76
10.1086/190463
10.1145/74851.74854
10.1051/0004-6361/201117150
10.1145/114005.102808
10.1051/0004-6361/201015025
10.1051/0004-6361/201220126
10.1093/mnras/stv158
10.1051/0004-6361/200811470
10.1051/0004-6361/201629976
10.1093/mnras/stx1051
10.1051/0004-6361:20053275
10.1093/mnras/stw444
10.1086/161780
10.1086/152847
10.1051/0004-6361/201322593
10.1088/0067-0049/207/2/30
10.1051/0004-6361/201425445
10.1016/j.ascom.2014.10.004
10.1111/j.1365-2966.2006.10884.x
10.1111/j.1365-2966.2012.22045.x
ContentType Journal Article
Copyright 2017 Elsevier B.V.
Copyright_xml – notice: 2017 Elsevier B.V.
DBID AAYXX
CITATION
DOI 10.1016/j.ascom.2017.05.003
DatabaseName CrossRef
DatabaseTitle CrossRef
DatabaseTitleList
DeliveryMethod fulltext_linktorsrc
Discipline Astronomy & Astrophysics
EISSN 2213-1345
EndPage 33
ExternalDocumentID 10_1016_j_ascom_2017_05_003
S221313371730001X
GroupedDBID --M
.~1
0R~
1~.
4.4
457
4G.
7-5
8P~
AACTN
AAEDT
AAEDW
AAIAV
AAIKJ
AAKOC
AALRI
AAOAW
AAXUO
AAYFN
ABBOA
ABMAC
ABNEU
ABXDB
ABYKQ
ACDAQ
ACFVG
ACGFS
ACRLP
ACZNC
ADBBV
ADEZE
AEBSH
AEKER
AENEX
AFKWA
AFTJW
AGHFR
AGUBO
AGYEJ
AHZHX
AIALX
AIEXJ
AIKHN
AITUG
AIVDX
AJBFU
AJOXV
ALMA_UNASSIGNED_HOLDINGS
AMFUW
AMRAJ
AOUOD
AXJTR
BKOJK
BLXMC
EBS
EFJIC
EFLBG
EJD
FDB
FEDTE
FIRID
FNPLU
FYGXN
GBLVA
GBOLZ
HVGLF
HZ~
KOM
M41
MO0
O-L
O9-
OAUVE
OGIMB
P-8
P-9
PC.
Q38
RIG
ROL
SDF
SPC
SPCBC
SSQ
SSV
SSZ
T5K
~G-
AAQFI
AATTM
AAXKI
AAYWO
AAYXX
ABJNI
ACLOT
ACVFH
ADCNI
AEIPS
AEUPX
AFJKZ
AFPUW
AIGII
AIIUN
AKBMS
AKRWK
AKYEP
ANKPU
APXCP
CITATION
EFKBS
~HD
ID FETCH-LOGICAL-c348t-ec228c7a3b23a14f666fb7ff60a2d75b48d5ac13a6de85fe58c93327066289363
ISICitedReferencesCount 28
ISICitedReferencesURI http://www.webofscience.com/api/gateway?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=Summon&SrcAuth=ProQuest&DestLinkType=CitingArticles&DestApp=WOS_CPL&KeyUT=000412033600002&url=https%3A%2F%2Fcvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com%2F%23%21%2Fsearch%3Fho%3Df%26include.ft.matches%3Dt%26l%3Dnull%26q%3D
ISSN 2213-1337
IngestDate Sat Nov 29 02:39:32 EST 2025
Tue Nov 18 21:44:16 EST 2025
Fri Feb 23 02:33:40 EST 2024
IsDoiOpenAccess false
IsOpenAccess true
IsPeerReviewed true
IsScholarly true
Keywords Radiative transfer — methods
Concurrency control — software and its engineering
Multithreading — software and its engineering
Multiprocessing / multiprogramming / multitasking — software and its engineering
Numerical — software and its engineering
Process synchronization
Language English
LinkModel OpenURL
MergedId FETCHMERGED-LOGICAL-c348t-ec228c7a3b23a14f666fb7ff60a2d75b48d5ac13a6de85fe58c93327066289363
ORCID 0000-0002-3930-2757
0000-0003-0435-7587
0000-0002-4479-4119
OpenAccessLink https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S221313371730001X
PageCount 18
ParticipantIDs crossref_citationtrail_10_1016_j_ascom_2017_05_003
crossref_primary_10_1016_j_ascom_2017_05_003
elsevier_sciencedirect_doi_10_1016_j_ascom_2017_05_003
PublicationCentury 2000
PublicationDate July 2017
2017-07-00
PublicationDateYYYYMMDD 2017-07-01
PublicationDate_xml – month: 07
  year: 2017
  text: July 2017
PublicationDecade 2010
PublicationTitle Astronomy and computing
PublicationYear 2017
Publisher Elsevier B.V
Publisher_xml – name: Elsevier B.V
References De Geyter, Baes, Camps, Fritz, De Looze, Hughes, Viaene, Gentile (b13) 2014; 441
Bridges, Doss, Gropp, Karrels, Lusk, Skjellum (b8) 1995
Stalevski, Fritz, Baes, Nakos, Popović (b40) 2012; 420
Chynoweth, Lee (b12) 2012
Herlihy, Moss (b24) 1993; 21
Mosenkov, Allaert, Baes, Bianchi, Camps, De Geyter, De Looze, Fritz, Gentile, Hughes, Lewis, Verstappen, Verstocken, Viaene (b31) 2016; 592
Saftly, Camps, Baes, Gordon, Vandewoude, Rahimi, Stalevski (b39) 2013; 554
Roark, Roark, Collins (b34) 1974; 190
Saftly, Baes, Camps (b37) 2014; 561
Lucy (b28) 1999; 344
Robitaille (b35) 2010; 520
Viaene, S., Baes, M., Tamm, A., Tempel, E., Bendo, G., Blommaert, J.A.D.L., Boquien, M., Boselli, A., Camps, P., Cooray, A., De Looze, I., De Vis, P., Fernandez-Ontiveros, J.A., Fritz, J., Galametz, M., Gentile, G., Madden, S., Smith, M.W.L., Spinoglio, L., Verstocken, S., 2016. The Herschel Exploitation of Local Galaxy Andromeda (HELGA) VII: A SKIRT radiative transfer model and insights on dust heating, ArXiv E-Prints.
De Looze, Fritz, Baes, Bendo, Cortese, Boquien, Boselli, Camps, Cooray, Cormier, Davies, De Geyter, Hughes, Jones, Karczewski, Lebouteiller, Lu, Madden, Rémy-Ruyer, Spinoglio, Smith, Viaene, Wilson (b18) 2014; 571
Gabriel, Fagg, Bosilca, Angskun, Dongarra, Squyres, Sahay, Kambadur, Barrett, Lumsdaine, Castain, Daniel, Graham, Woodall (b20) 2004
Baes, Camps (b1) 2015; 12
Baes, Fritz, Gadotti, Smith, Dunne, da Cunha, Amblard, Auld, Bendo, Bonfield, Burgarella, Buttiglione, Cava, Clements, Cooray, Dariush, de Zotti, Dye, Eales, Frayer, Gonzalez-Nuevo, Herranz, Ibar, Ivison, Lagache, Leeuw, Lopez-Caniego, Jarvis, Maddox, Negrello, Michałowski, Pascale, Pohlen, Rigby, Rodighiero, Samui, Serjeant, Temi, Thompson, van der Werf, Verma, Vlahakis (b2) 2010; 518
Gordon, K., Baes, M., Bianchi, S., Juvela, M., Kuiper, R., Lunttila, T., Misselt, K., Natale, G., Robitaille, T., Steinacker, J., TRUST. I. A 3D externally illuminated slab benchmark for dust radiative transfer, A&A (in press).
Witt, Stephens (b51) 1974; 79
Mattila (b29) 1970; 9
Pinte, Ménard, Duchêne, Bastien (b33) 2006; 459
.
Niccolini, Woitke, Lopez (b32) 2003; 399
Camps, Baes (b9) 2015; 9
Baes, Verstappen, De Looze, Fritz, Saftly, Vidal Pérez, Stalevski, Valcke (b4) 2011; 196
Whitney, Robitaille, Bjorkman, Dong, Wolff, Wood, Honor (b48) 2013; 207
De Looze, Baes, Fritz, Verstappen (b17) 2012; 419
Boisse (b6) 1990; 228
Witt (b49) 1977; 35
Juvela, Padoan (b27) 2003; 397
Min, Dullemond, Dominik, de Koter, Hovenier (b30) 2009; 497
Herlihy (b23) 1991; 13
Bolosky, Fitzgerald, Scott (b7) 1989; 23
Dijkstra (b19) 1962
Harries (b22) 2015; 448
Camps, Trayford, Baes, Theuns, Schaller, Schaye (b10) 2016; 462
Yusef-Zadeh, Morris, White (b52) 1984; 278
Baes, Stamatellos, Davies, Whitworth, Sabatini, Roberts, Linder, Evans (b3) 2005; 10
Robitaille (b36) 2011; 536
De Looze, Baes, Bendo, Ciesla, Cortese, de Geyter, Groves, Boquien, Boselli, Brondeel, Cooray, Eales, Fritz, Galliano, Gentile, Gordon, Hony, Law, Madden, Sauvage, Smith, Spinoglio, Verstappen (b16) 2012; 427
Stalevski, Ricci, Ueda, Lira, Fritz, Baes (b41) 2016; 458
De Geyter, Baes, De Looze, Bendo, Bourne, Camps, Cooray, De Zotti, Dunne, Dye, Eales, Fritz, Furlanetto, Gentile, Hughes, Ivison, Maddox, Michałowski, Smith, Valiante, Viaene (b14) 2015; 451
De Geyter, Baes, Fritz, Camps (b15) 2013; 550
Steinacker, Baes, Gordon (b42) 2013; 51
Viaene, De Geyter, Baes, Fritz, Bendo, Boquien, Boselli, Bianchi, Cortese, Côté, Cuillandre, De Looze, di Serego Alighieri, Ferrarese, Gwyn, Hughes, Pappalardo (b45) 2015; 579
Vidal, Baes (b46) 2007; 16
Bjorkman, Wood (b5) 2001; 554
Whitney (b47) 2011; 39
Guedes, Callegari, Madau, Mayer (b21) 2011; 742
Saftly, Baes, De Geyter, Camps, Renaud, Guedes, De Looze (b38) 2015; 576
Witt, Oshel (b50) 1977; 35
Cashwell, Everett (b11) 1959
Tullsen, Eggers, Levy (b43) 1995; 23
Trayford, Camps, Theuns, Baes, Bower, Crain, Gunawardhana, Schaller, Schaye, Frenk (b53) 2017
Heymann, Siebenmorgen (b25) 2012; 751
Jonsson (b26) 2006; 372
Saftly (10.1016/j.ascom.2017.05.003_b37) 2014; 561
Jonsson (10.1016/j.ascom.2017.05.003_b26) 2006; 372
Baes (10.1016/j.ascom.2017.05.003_b1) 2015; 12
Robitaille (10.1016/j.ascom.2017.05.003_b36) 2011; 536
10.1016/j.ascom.2017.05.003_b44
Mattila (10.1016/j.ascom.2017.05.003_b29) 1970; 9
De Looze (10.1016/j.ascom.2017.05.003_b18) 2014; 571
Tullsen (10.1016/j.ascom.2017.05.003_b43) 1995; 23
Guedes (10.1016/j.ascom.2017.05.003_b21) 2011; 742
Bolosky (10.1016/j.ascom.2017.05.003_b7) 1989; 23
De Geyter (10.1016/j.ascom.2017.05.003_b13) 2014; 441
Bridges (10.1016/j.ascom.2017.05.003_b8) 1995
Lucy (10.1016/j.ascom.2017.05.003_b28) 1999; 344
Viaene (10.1016/j.ascom.2017.05.003_b45) 2015; 579
Baes (10.1016/j.ascom.2017.05.003_b4) 2011; 196
Camps (10.1016/j.ascom.2017.05.003_b9) 2015; 9
Camps (10.1016/j.ascom.2017.05.003_b10) 2016; 462
Harries (10.1016/j.ascom.2017.05.003_b22) 2015; 448
Stalevski (10.1016/j.ascom.2017.05.003_b41) 2016; 458
Juvela (10.1016/j.ascom.2017.05.003_b27) 2003; 397
Steinacker (10.1016/j.ascom.2017.05.003_b42) 2013; 51
Dijkstra (10.1016/j.ascom.2017.05.003_b19) 1962
Herlihy (10.1016/j.ascom.2017.05.003_b23) 1991; 13
Baes (10.1016/j.ascom.2017.05.003_b3) 2005; 10
Mosenkov (10.1016/j.ascom.2017.05.003_b31) 2016; 592
Roark (10.1016/j.ascom.2017.05.003_b34) 1974; 190
Cashwell (10.1016/j.ascom.2017.05.003_b11) 1959
Whitney (10.1016/j.ascom.2017.05.003_b48) 2013; 207
Saftly (10.1016/j.ascom.2017.05.003_b39) 2013; 554
Baes (10.1016/j.ascom.2017.05.003_b2) 2010; 518
Bjorkman (10.1016/j.ascom.2017.05.003_b5) 2001; 554
Saftly (10.1016/j.ascom.2017.05.003_b38) 2015; 576
Witt (10.1016/j.ascom.2017.05.003_b49) 1977; 35
De Geyter (10.1016/j.ascom.2017.05.003_b15) 2013; 550
Whitney (10.1016/j.ascom.2017.05.003_b47) 2011; 39
Niccolini (10.1016/j.ascom.2017.05.003_b32) 2003; 399
Boisse (10.1016/j.ascom.2017.05.003_b6) 1990; 228
Herlihy (10.1016/j.ascom.2017.05.003_b24) 1993; 21
Min (10.1016/j.ascom.2017.05.003_b30) 2009; 497
Heymann (10.1016/j.ascom.2017.05.003_b25) 2012; 751
Robitaille (10.1016/j.ascom.2017.05.003_b35) 2010; 520
Pinte (10.1016/j.ascom.2017.05.003_b33) 2006; 459
De Geyter (10.1016/j.ascom.2017.05.003_b14) 2015; 451
Yusef-Zadeh (10.1016/j.ascom.2017.05.003_b52) 1984; 278
10.1016/j.ascom.2017.05.003_b54
De Looze (10.1016/j.ascom.2017.05.003_b17) 2012; 419
Vidal (10.1016/j.ascom.2017.05.003_b46) 2007; 16
Witt (10.1016/j.ascom.2017.05.003_b50) 1977; 35
Witt (10.1016/j.ascom.2017.05.003_b51) 1974; 79
Trayford (10.1016/j.ascom.2017.05.003_b53) 2017
Stalevski (10.1016/j.ascom.2017.05.003_b40) 2012; 420
De Looze (10.1016/j.ascom.2017.05.003_b16) 2012; 427
Gabriel (10.1016/j.ascom.2017.05.003_b20) 2004
Chynoweth (10.1016/j.ascom.2017.05.003_b12) 2012
References_xml – volume: 228
  start-page: 483
  year: 1990
  end-page: 502
  ident: b6
  article-title: Radiative transfer inside clumpy media - The penetration of UV photons inside molecular clouds
  publication-title: Astron. Astroph.
– volume: 458
  start-page: 2288
  year: 2016
  end-page: 2302
  ident: b41
  article-title: The dust covering factor in active galactic nuclei
  publication-title: Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc.
– volume: 751
  start-page: 27
  year: 2012
  ident: b25
  article-title: GPU-based Monte Carlo dust radiative transfer scheme applied to active galactic nuclei
  publication-title: Astrophys. J.
– volume: 520
  start-page: A70
  year: 2010
  ident: b35
  article-title: On the modified random walk algorithm for Monte-Carlo radiation transfer
  publication-title: Astron. Astroph.
– volume: 207
  start-page: 30
  year: 2013
  ident: b48
  article-title: Three-dimensional radiation transfer in young stellar objects
  publication-title: Astrophys. J. Suppl.
– volume: 579
  start-page: A103
  year: 2015
  ident: b45
  article-title: NGC 4370: a case study for testing our ability to infer dust distribution and mass in nearby galaxies
  publication-title: Astron. Astroph.
– volume: 372
  start-page: 2
  year: 2006
  end-page: 20
  ident: b26
  article-title: SUNRISE: polychromatic dust radiative transfer in arbitrary geometries
  publication-title: Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc.
– volume: 571
  start-page: A69
  year: 2014
  ident: b18
  article-title: High-resolution, 3D radiative transfer modeling. I. The grand-design spiral galaxy M51
  publication-title: Astron. Astroph.
– volume: 462
  start-page: 1057
  year: 2016
  end-page: 1075
  ident: b10
  article-title: Far-infrared and dust properties of present-day galaxies in the EAGLE simulations
  publication-title: Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc.
– volume: 550
  start-page: A74
  year: 2013
  ident: b15
  article-title: FitSKIRT: genetic algorithms to automatically fit dusty galaxies with a Monte Carlo radiative transfer code
  publication-title: Astron. Astroph.
– volume: 79
  start-page: 948
  year: 1974
  ident: b51
  article-title: Monte Carlo calculations of the surface brightness profiles of spherical dark nebulae
  publication-title: Astronom. J.
– volume: 536
  start-page: A79
  year: 2011
  ident: b36
  article-title: HYPERION: an open-source parallelized three-dimensional dust continuum radiative transfer code
  publication-title: Astron. Astroph.
– volume: 554
  start-page: 615
  year: 2001
  end-page: 623
  ident: b5
  article-title: Radiative equilibrium and temperature correction in Monte Carlo radiation transfer
  publication-title: Astrophys. J.
– volume: 23
  start-page: 392
  year: 1995
  end-page: 403
  ident: b43
  article-title: Simultaneous multithreading: Maximizing on-chip parallelism
  publication-title: SIGARCH Comput. Archit. News
– year: 1959
  ident: b11
  publication-title: A Practical Manual on the Monte Carlo Method for Random Walk Problems
– volume: 51
  start-page: 63
  year: 2013
  end-page: 104
  ident: b42
  article-title: Three-dimensional dust radiative transfer
  publication-title: Ann. Rev. Astron. Astroph.
– volume: 9
  start-page: 53
  year: 1970
  end-page: 63
  ident: b29
  article-title: Interpretation of the surface brightness of dark nebulae
  publication-title: Astron. Astroph.
– volume: 420
  start-page: 2756
  year: 2012
  end-page: 2772
  ident: b40
  article-title: 3D radiative transfer modelling of the dusty tori around active galactic nuclei as a clumpy two-phase medium
  publication-title: Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc.
– volume: 518
  start-page: L39
  year: 2010
  ident: b2
  article-title: Herschel-ATLAS: The dust energy balance in the edge-on spiral galaxy UGC 4754
  publication-title: Astron. Astroph.
– volume: 451
  start-page: 1728
  year: 2015
  end-page: 1739
  ident: b14
  article-title: Dust energy balance study of two edge-on spiral galaxies in the Herschel-ATLAS survey
  publication-title: Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc.
– volume: 742
  start-page: 76
  year: 2011
  ident: b21
  article-title: Forming realistic late-type spirals in a CDM universe: The Eris simulation
  publication-title: Astrophys. J.
– volume: 554
  start-page: A10
  year: 2013
  ident: b39
  article-title: Using hierarchical octrees in Monte Carlo radiative transfer simulations
  publication-title: Astron. Astroph.
– volume: 397
  start-page: 201
  year: 2003
  end-page: 212
  ident: b27
  article-title: Dust emission from inhomogeneous interstellar clouds: Radiative transfer in 3D with transiently heated particles
  publication-title: Astron. Astroph.
– volume: 39
  start-page: 101
  year: 2011
  end-page: 127
  ident: b47
  article-title: Monte Carlo radiative transfer
  publication-title: Bull. Astron. Soc. India
– volume: 16
  start-page: 101
  year: 2007
  end-page: 103
  ident: b46
  article-title: 3D dust radiative transfer simulations in the inhomogeneous circumstellar medium
  publication-title: Balt. Astron.
– year: 2012
  ident: b12
  publication-title: Implementing Scalable Atomic Locks for Multi-Core Intel EM64T and IA32 Architectures
– volume: 561
  start-page: A77
  year: 2014
  ident: b37
  article-title: Hierarchical octree and k-d tree grids for 3D radiative transfer simulations
  publication-title: Astron. Astroph.
– volume: 344
  start-page: 282
  year: 1999
  end-page: 288
  ident: b28
  article-title: Computing radiative equilibria with Monte Carlo techniques
  publication-title: Astron. Astroph.
– volume: 10
  start-page: 523
  year: 2005
  end-page: 533
  ident: b3
  article-title: Radiative equilibrium in Monte Carlo radiative transfer using frequency distribution adjustment
  publication-title: New Astronomy
– volume: 592
  start-page: A71
  year: 2016
  ident: b31
  article-title: HERschel Observations of Edge-on Spirals (HEROES). III. Dust energy balance study of IC 2531
  publication-title: Astron. Astroph.
– start-page: 97
  year: 2004
  end-page: 104
  ident: b20
  article-title: Open mpi: goals, concept, and design of a next generation mpi implementation
  publication-title: Recent Advances in Parallel Virtual Machine and Message Passing Interface: 11th European PVM/MPI Users’ Group Meeting Budapest, Hungary, September 19-22, 2004, Proceedings
– volume: 459
  start-page: 797
  year: 2006
  end-page: 804
  ident: b33
  article-title: Monte Carlo radiative transfer in protoplanetary disks
  publication-title: Astron. Astroph.
– volume: 497
  start-page: 155
  year: 2009
  end-page: 166
  ident: b30
  article-title: Radiative transfer in very optically thick circumstellar disks
  publication-title: Astron. Astroph.
– reference: Viaene, S., Baes, M., Tamm, A., Tempel, E., Bendo, G., Blommaert, J.A.D.L., Boquien, M., Boselli, A., Camps, P., Cooray, A., De Looze, I., De Vis, P., Fernandez-Ontiveros, J.A., Fritz, J., Galametz, M., Gentile, G., Madden, S., Smith, M.W.L., Spinoglio, L., Verstocken, S., 2016. The Herschel Exploitation of Local Galaxy Andromeda (HELGA) VII: A SKIRT radiative transfer model and insights on dust heating, ArXiv E-Prints.
– reference: Gordon, K., Baes, M., Bianchi, S., Juvela, M., Kuiper, R., Lunttila, T., Misselt, K., Natale, G., Robitaille, T., Steinacker, J., TRUST. I. A 3D externally illuminated slab benchmark for dust radiative transfer, A&A (in press).
– volume: 190
  start-page: 67
  year: 1974
  end-page: 72
  ident: b34
  article-title: Monte Carlo model of reflection nebulae: intensity gradients
  publication-title: Astrophys. J.
– volume: 35
  start-page: 1
  year: 1977
  end-page: 6
  ident: b49
  article-title: Multiple scattering in reflection nebulae. I - A Monte Carlo approach
  publication-title: Astrophys. J. Suppl.
– volume: 12
  start-page: 33
  year: 2015
  end-page: 44
  ident: b1
  article-title: SKIRT: The design of a suite of input models for Monte Carlo radiative transfer simulations
  publication-title: Astron. Comput.
– volume: 448
  start-page: 3156
  year: 2015
  end-page: 3166
  ident: b22
  article-title: Radiation-hydrodynamical simulations of massive star formation using Monte Carlo radiative transfer - I. Algorithms and numerical methods
  publication-title: Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc.
– volume: 419
  start-page: 895
  year: 2012
  end-page: 903
  ident: b17
  article-title: Panchromatic radiative transfer modelling of stars and dust in the Sombrero galaxy
  publication-title: Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc.
– volume: 35
  start-page: 31
  year: 1977
  end-page: 36
  ident: b50
  article-title: Multiple scattering in reflection nebulae. IV - The multiplicity of scattering
  publication-title: Astrophys. J. Suppl.
– volume: 21
  start-page: 289
  year: 1993
  end-page: 300
  ident: b24
  article-title: Transactional memory: architectural support for lock-free data structures
  publication-title: SIGARCH Comput. Archit. News
– year: 2017
  ident: b53
  article-title: Optical colours and spectral indices of
  publication-title: MNRAS
– volume: 278
  start-page: 186
  year: 1984
  end-page: 194
  ident: b52
  article-title: Bipolar reflection nebulae - Monte Carlo simulations
  publication-title: Astrophys. J.
– year: 1995
  ident: b8
  publication-title: User’s Guide to MPICH, a Portable Implementation of MPI
– volume: 427
  start-page: 2797
  year: 2012
  end-page: 2811
  ident: b16
  article-title: The dust energy balance in the edge-on spiral galaxy NGC 4565
  publication-title: Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc.
– reference: .
– volume: 9
  start-page: 20
  year: 2015
  end-page: 33
  ident: b9
  article-title: SKIRT: An advanced dust radiative transfer code with a user-friendly architecture
  publication-title: Astron. Comput.
– year: 1962
  ident: b19
  publication-title: Over Seinpalen
– volume: 196
  start-page: 22
  year: 2011
  ident: b4
  article-title: Efficient three-dimensional NLTE dust radiative transfer with SKIRT
  publication-title: Astrophys. J. Suppl.
– volume: 13
  start-page: 124
  year: 1991
  end-page: 149
  ident: b23
  article-title: Wait-free synchronization
  publication-title: ACM Trans. Program. Lang. Syst.
– volume: 441
  start-page: 869
  year: 2014
  end-page: 885
  ident: b13
  article-title: The distribution of interstellar dust in CALIFA edge-on galaxies via oligochromatic radiative transfer fitting
  publication-title: Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc.
– volume: 399
  start-page: 703
  year: 2003
  end-page: 716
  ident: b32
  article-title: High precision Monte Carlo radiative transfer in dusty media
  publication-title: Astron. Astroph.
– volume: 576
  start-page: A31
  year: 2015
  ident: b38
  article-title: Large and small-scale structures and the dust energy balance problem in spiral galaxies
  publication-title: Astron. Astroph.
– volume: 23
  start-page: 19
  year: 1989
  end-page: 31
  ident: b7
  article-title: Simple but effective techniques for numa memory management
  publication-title: SIGOPS Oper. Syst. Rev.
– volume: 12
  start-page: 33
  year: 2015
  ident: 10.1016/j.ascom.2017.05.003_b1
  article-title: SKIRT: The design of a suite of input models for Monte Carlo radiative transfer simulations
  publication-title: Astron. Comput.
  doi: 10.1016/j.ascom.2015.05.006
– volume: 21
  start-page: 289
  issue: 2
  year: 1993
  ident: 10.1016/j.ascom.2017.05.003_b24
  article-title: Transactional memory: architectural support for lock-free data structures
  publication-title: SIGARCH Comput. Archit. News
  doi: 10.1145/173682.165164
– volume: 451
  start-page: 1728
  year: 2015
  ident: 10.1016/j.ascom.2017.05.003_b14
  article-title: Dust energy balance study of two edge-on spiral galaxies in the Herschel-ATLAS survey
  publication-title: Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc.
  doi: 10.1093/mnras/stv1104
– volume: 10
  start-page: 523
  year: 2005
  ident: 10.1016/j.ascom.2017.05.003_b3
  article-title: Radiative equilibrium in Monte Carlo radiative transfer using frequency distribution adjustment
  publication-title: New Astronomy
  doi: 10.1016/j.newast.2005.03.005
– year: 2012
  ident: 10.1016/j.ascom.2017.05.003_b12
– volume: 554
  start-page: A10
  year: 2013
  ident: 10.1016/j.ascom.2017.05.003_b39
  article-title: Using hierarchical octrees in Monte Carlo radiative transfer simulations
  publication-title: Astron. Astroph.
  doi: 10.1051/0004-6361/201220854
– volume: 23
  start-page: 392
  issue: 2
  year: 1995
  ident: 10.1016/j.ascom.2017.05.003_b43
  article-title: Simultaneous multithreading: Maximizing on-chip parallelism
  publication-title: SIGARCH Comput. Archit. News
  doi: 10.1145/225830.224449
– volume: 196
  start-page: 22
  year: 2011
  ident: 10.1016/j.ascom.2017.05.003_b4
  article-title: Efficient three-dimensional NLTE dust radiative transfer with SKIRT
  publication-title: Astrophys. J. Suppl.
  doi: 10.1088/0067-0049/196/2/22
– volume: 579
  start-page: A103
  year: 2015
  ident: 10.1016/j.ascom.2017.05.003_b45
  article-title: NGC 4370: a case study for testing our ability to infer dust distribution and mass in nearby galaxies
  publication-title: Astron. Astroph.
  doi: 10.1051/0004-6361/201526147
– volume: 399
  start-page: 703
  year: 2003
  ident: 10.1016/j.ascom.2017.05.003_b32
  article-title: High precision Monte Carlo radiative transfer in dusty media
  publication-title: Astron. Astroph.
  doi: 10.1051/0004-6361:20021761
– volume: 16
  start-page: 101
  year: 2007
  ident: 10.1016/j.ascom.2017.05.003_b46
  article-title: 3D dust radiative transfer simulations in the inhomogeneous circumstellar medium
  publication-title: Balt. Astron.
– volume: 592
  start-page: A71
  year: 2016
  ident: 10.1016/j.ascom.2017.05.003_b31
  article-title: HERschel Observations of Edge-on Spirals (HEROES). III. Dust energy balance study of IC 2531
  publication-title: Astron. Astroph.
  doi: 10.1051/0004-6361/201628676
– volume: 79
  start-page: 948
  year: 1974
  ident: 10.1016/j.ascom.2017.05.003_b51
  article-title: Monte Carlo calculations of the surface brightness profiles of spherical dark nebulae
  publication-title: Astronom. J.
  doi: 10.1086/111635
– volume: 462
  start-page: 1057
  year: 2016
  ident: 10.1016/j.ascom.2017.05.003_b10
  article-title: Far-infrared and dust properties of present-day galaxies in the EAGLE simulations
  publication-title: Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc.
  doi: 10.1093/mnras/stw1735
– volume: 39
  start-page: 101
  year: 2011
  ident: 10.1016/j.ascom.2017.05.003_b47
  article-title: Monte Carlo radiative transfer
  publication-title: Bull. Astron. Soc. India
– volume: 518
  start-page: L39
  year: 2010
  ident: 10.1016/j.ascom.2017.05.003_b2
  article-title: Herschel-ATLAS: The dust energy balance in the edge-on spiral galaxy UGC 4754
  publication-title: Astron. Astroph.
  doi: 10.1051/0004-6361/201014644
– volume: 419
  start-page: 895
  year: 2012
  ident: 10.1016/j.ascom.2017.05.003_b17
  article-title: Panchromatic radiative transfer modelling of stars and dust in the Sombrero galaxy
  publication-title: Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc.
  doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2011.19759.x
– volume: 751
  start-page: 27
  year: 2012
  ident: 10.1016/j.ascom.2017.05.003_b25
  article-title: GPU-based Monte Carlo dust radiative transfer scheme applied to active galactic nuclei
  publication-title: Astrophys. J.
  doi: 10.1088/0004-637X/751/1/27
– volume: 571
  start-page: A69
  year: 2014
  ident: 10.1016/j.ascom.2017.05.003_b18
  article-title: High-resolution, 3D radiative transfer modeling. I. The grand-design spiral galaxy M51
  publication-title: Astron. Astroph.
  doi: 10.1051/0004-6361/201424747
– volume: 420
  start-page: 2756
  year: 2012
  ident: 10.1016/j.ascom.2017.05.003_b40
  article-title: 3D radiative transfer modelling of the dusty tori around active galactic nuclei as a clumpy two-phase medium
  publication-title: Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc.
  doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2011.19775.x
– volume: 397
  start-page: 201
  year: 2003
  ident: 10.1016/j.ascom.2017.05.003_b27
  article-title: Dust emission from inhomogeneous interstellar clouds: Radiative transfer in 3D with transiently heated particles
  publication-title: Astron. Astroph.
  doi: 10.1051/0004-6361:20021433
– volume: 51
  start-page: 63
  year: 2013
  ident: 10.1016/j.ascom.2017.05.003_b42
  article-title: Three-dimensional dust radiative transfer
  publication-title: Ann. Rev. Astron. Astroph.
  doi: 10.1146/annurev-astro-082812-141042
– ident: 10.1016/j.ascom.2017.05.003_b44
  doi: 10.1051/0004-6361/201629251
– volume: 554
  start-page: 615
  year: 2001
  ident: 10.1016/j.ascom.2017.05.003_b5
  article-title: Radiative equilibrium and temperature correction in Monte Carlo radiation transfer
  publication-title: Astrophys. J.
  doi: 10.1086/321336
– volume: 35
  start-page: 31
  year: 1977
  ident: 10.1016/j.ascom.2017.05.003_b50
  article-title: Multiple scattering in reflection nebulae. IV - The multiplicity of scattering
  publication-title: Astrophys. J. Suppl.
  doi: 10.1086/190466
– volume: 441
  start-page: 869
  year: 2014
  ident: 10.1016/j.ascom.2017.05.003_b13
  article-title: The distribution of interstellar dust in CALIFA edge-on galaxies via oligochromatic radiative transfer fitting
  publication-title: Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc.
  doi: 10.1093/mnras/stu612
– volume: 742
  start-page: 76
  issue: 2
  year: 2011
  ident: 10.1016/j.ascom.2017.05.003_b21
  article-title: Forming realistic late-type spirals in a CDM universe: The Eris simulation
  publication-title: Astrophys. J.
  doi: 10.1088/0004-637X/742/2/76
– volume: 35
  start-page: 1
  year: 1977
  ident: 10.1016/j.ascom.2017.05.003_b49
  article-title: Multiple scattering in reflection nebulae. I - A Monte Carlo approach
  publication-title: Astrophys. J. Suppl.
  doi: 10.1086/190463
– volume: 23
  start-page: 19
  issue: 5
  year: 1989
  ident: 10.1016/j.ascom.2017.05.003_b7
  article-title: Simple but effective techniques for numa memory management
  publication-title: SIGOPS Oper. Syst. Rev.
  doi: 10.1145/74851.74854
– volume: 536
  start-page: A79
  year: 2011
  ident: 10.1016/j.ascom.2017.05.003_b36
  article-title: HYPERION: an open-source parallelized three-dimensional dust continuum radiative transfer code
  publication-title: Astron. Astroph.
  doi: 10.1051/0004-6361/201117150
– volume: 13
  start-page: 124
  issue: 1
  year: 1991
  ident: 10.1016/j.ascom.2017.05.003_b23
  article-title: Wait-free synchronization
  publication-title: ACM Trans. Program. Lang. Syst.
  doi: 10.1145/114005.102808
– volume: 520
  start-page: A70
  year: 2010
  ident: 10.1016/j.ascom.2017.05.003_b35
  article-title: On the modified random walk algorithm for Monte-Carlo radiation transfer
  publication-title: Astron. Astroph.
  doi: 10.1051/0004-6361/201015025
– volume: 550
  start-page: A74
  year: 2013
  ident: 10.1016/j.ascom.2017.05.003_b15
  article-title: FitSKIRT: genetic algorithms to automatically fit dusty galaxies with a Monte Carlo radiative transfer code
  publication-title: Astron. Astroph.
  doi: 10.1051/0004-6361/201220126
– start-page: 97
  year: 2004
  ident: 10.1016/j.ascom.2017.05.003_b20
  article-title: Open mpi: goals, concept, and design of a next generation mpi implementation
– volume: 448
  start-page: 3156
  year: 2015
  ident: 10.1016/j.ascom.2017.05.003_b22
  article-title: Radiation-hydrodynamical simulations of massive star formation using Monte Carlo radiative transfer - I. Algorithms and numerical methods
  publication-title: Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc.
  doi: 10.1093/mnras/stv158
– year: 1962
  ident: 10.1016/j.ascom.2017.05.003_b19
– volume: 497
  start-page: 155
  year: 2009
  ident: 10.1016/j.ascom.2017.05.003_b30
  article-title: Radiative transfer in very optically thick circumstellar disks
  publication-title: Astron. Astroph.
  doi: 10.1051/0004-6361/200811470
– ident: 10.1016/j.ascom.2017.05.003_b54
  doi: 10.1051/0004-6361/201629976
– year: 1959
  ident: 10.1016/j.ascom.2017.05.003_b11
– volume: 9
  start-page: 53
  year: 1970
  ident: 10.1016/j.ascom.2017.05.003_b29
  article-title: Interpretation of the surface brightness of dark nebulae
  publication-title: Astron. Astroph.
– volume: 344
  start-page: 282
  year: 1999
  ident: 10.1016/j.ascom.2017.05.003_b28
  article-title: Computing radiative equilibria with Monte Carlo techniques
  publication-title: Astron. Astroph.
– year: 2017
  ident: 10.1016/j.ascom.2017.05.003_b53
  article-title: Optical colours and spectral indices of z=0.1 EAGLE galaxies with 3D dust radiative transfer code SKIRT
  publication-title: MNRAS
  doi: 10.1093/mnras/stx1051
– volume: 459
  start-page: 797
  year: 2006
  ident: 10.1016/j.ascom.2017.05.003_b33
  article-title: Monte Carlo radiative transfer in protoplanetary disks
  publication-title: Astron. Astroph.
  doi: 10.1051/0004-6361:20053275
– volume: 458
  start-page: 2288
  year: 2016
  ident: 10.1016/j.ascom.2017.05.003_b41
  article-title: The dust covering factor in active galactic nuclei
  publication-title: Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc.
  doi: 10.1093/mnras/stw444
– volume: 278
  start-page: 186
  year: 1984
  ident: 10.1016/j.ascom.2017.05.003_b52
  article-title: Bipolar reflection nebulae - Monte Carlo simulations
  publication-title: Astrophys. J.
  doi: 10.1086/161780
– volume: 190
  start-page: 67
  year: 1974
  ident: 10.1016/j.ascom.2017.05.003_b34
  article-title: Monte Carlo model of reflection nebulae: intensity gradients
  publication-title: Astrophys. J.
  doi: 10.1086/152847
– volume: 561
  start-page: A77
  year: 2014
  ident: 10.1016/j.ascom.2017.05.003_b37
  article-title: Hierarchical octree and k-d tree grids for 3D radiative transfer simulations
  publication-title: Astron. Astroph.
  doi: 10.1051/0004-6361/201322593
– volume: 207
  start-page: 30
  year: 2013
  ident: 10.1016/j.ascom.2017.05.003_b48
  article-title: Three-dimensional radiation transfer in young stellar objects
  publication-title: Astrophys. J. Suppl.
  doi: 10.1088/0067-0049/207/2/30
– volume: 576
  start-page: A31
  year: 2015
  ident: 10.1016/j.ascom.2017.05.003_b38
  article-title: Large and small-scale structures and the dust energy balance problem in spiral galaxies
  publication-title: Astron. Astroph.
  doi: 10.1051/0004-6361/201425445
– year: 1995
  ident: 10.1016/j.ascom.2017.05.003_b8
– volume: 9
  start-page: 20
  year: 2015
  ident: 10.1016/j.ascom.2017.05.003_b9
  article-title: SKIRT: An advanced dust radiative transfer code with a user-friendly architecture
  publication-title: Astron. Comput.
  doi: 10.1016/j.ascom.2014.10.004
– volume: 372
  start-page: 2
  year: 2006
  ident: 10.1016/j.ascom.2017.05.003_b26
  article-title: SUNRISE: polychromatic dust radiative transfer in arbitrary geometries
  publication-title: Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc.
  doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2006.10884.x
– volume: 427
  start-page: 2797
  year: 2012
  ident: 10.1016/j.ascom.2017.05.003_b16
  article-title: The dust energy balance in the edge-on spiral galaxy NGC 4565
  publication-title: Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc.
  doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2012.22045.x
– volume: 228
  start-page: 483
  year: 1990
  ident: 10.1016/j.ascom.2017.05.003_b6
  article-title: Radiative transfer inside clumpy media - The penetration of UV photons inside molecular clouds
  publication-title: Astron. Astroph.
SSID ssj0000941528
Score 2.290305
Snippet We describe the design, implementation and performance of the new hybrid parallelization scheme in our Monte Carlo radiative transfer code SKIRT, which has...
SourceID crossref
elsevier
SourceType Enrichment Source
Index Database
Publisher
StartPage 16
SubjectTerms Concurrency control — software and its engineering
Multiprocessing / multiprogramming / multitasking — software and its engineering
Multithreading — software and its engineering
Numerical — software and its engineering
Process synchronization
Radiative transfer — methods
Title SKIRT: Hybrid parallelization of radiative transfer simulations
URI https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ascom.2017.05.003
Volume 20
WOSCitedRecordID wos000412033600002&url=https%3A%2F%2Fcvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com%2F%23%21%2Fsearch%3Fho%3Df%26include.ft.matches%3Dt%26l%3Dnull%26q%3D
hasFullText 1
inHoldings 1
isFullTextHit
isPrint
journalDatabaseRights – providerCode: PRVESC
  databaseName: Elsevier SD Freedom Collection Journals 2021
  customDbUrl:
  eissn: 2213-1345
  dateEnd: 99991231
  omitProxy: false
  ssIdentifier: ssj0000941528
  issn: 2213-1337
  databaseCode: AIEXJ
  dateStart: 20130201
  isFulltext: true
  titleUrlDefault: https://www.sciencedirect.com
  providerName: Elsevier
link http://cvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwtV1Nb9QwELVQy4EL4lNtKcgHxAWyih07TrgttKgFUSFYpL1FjpNIrbbZ1Sat2n_PjO24UYtW9MAlirybZDfzMn4zGb8h5G0NpFWKUsDzrSFAqSp8pMoq0loLaYTRtTK22YQ6Ocnm8_yHL7ftbDsB1bbZ1VW--q-mhjEwNi6dvYe5w0lhAPbB6LAFs8P2nwz_69vxzxkG-kfXuBrrPYp7Lxb1wi-4RHa4RkECWzPUW96Kis6n576RVzfmq9MOU-XL8-th_dvqoh8mO2zTZckjOAKXRZ2EcfAaB1gL1LvuewfhE3zX4XoDhKFP2rmq75NxCoKpUK7qPRXnLIkg2FVjt8rjkV9k6WiGdcoXd3y3SyOcTXSHdTx4HaupGic3U9Xwev7WDBbqCoeStbPCnqTAkxSxLKwe7DZXMgffvT09Ppx_DYk4iG-Bw9jOhcPfGNSpbB3gnZ_zdwYzYiWzJ-SxDyfo1MHgKXlQt8_ITrAafUftvstfdc8hNkN0fKQOG_QWNuiyoQEbdMAGHWHjBfn95XD2-SjyPTQik4isj2rDeWaUTkqeaCYaiFabUjVNGmteKVmKrJLasESnVZ3JppaZyZOEK2wMAFQ2TV6SrXbZ1juEGsFKVO9hUiuR5iUqTeZpZWLDBGuU2CV8uC-F8QLz2OdkUWwwyy75EA5aOX2VzV9PhxteeIroqF8BKNp04N79rvOKPLoB-j7Z6tcX9Wvy0Fz2p936jYfQH8Tlhpo
linkProvider Elsevier
openUrl ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info%3Aofi%2Fenc%3AUTF-8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsummon.serialssolutions.com&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=SKIRT%3A+Hybrid+parallelization+of+radiative+transfer+simulations&rft.jtitle=Astronomy+and+computing&rft.au=Verstocken%2C+S.&rft.au=Van+De+Putte%2C+D.&rft.au=Camps%2C+P.&rft.au=Baes%2C+M.&rft.date=2017-07-01&rft.issn=2213-1337&rft.volume=20&rft.spage=16&rft.epage=33&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016%2Fj.ascom.2017.05.003&rft.externalDBID=n%2Fa&rft.externalDocID=10_1016_j_ascom_2017_05_003
thumbnail_l http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/lc.gif&issn=2213-1337&client=summon
thumbnail_m http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/mc.gif&issn=2213-1337&client=summon
thumbnail_s http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/sc.gif&issn=2213-1337&client=summon