New Version of the CMA-GFS Dynamical Core Based on the Predictor–Corrector Time Integration Scheme

The operational numerical weather prediction system established by the China Meteorological Administration (CMA), based on the Global/Regional Assimilation and Prediction System (GRAPES) model, adopts the classical semi-implicit semi-Lagrangian (SISL) time integration algorithm. This paper describes...

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Veröffentlicht in:	Journal of Meteorological Research Jg. 37; H. 3; S. 273 - 285
Hauptverfasser:	Shen, Xueshun, Su, Yong, Zhang, Hongliang, Hu, Jianglin
Format:	Journal Article
Sprache:	Englisch
Veröffentlicht:	Berlin/Heidelberg Springer Berlin Heidelberg 01.06.2023 Springer Nature B.V CMA Earth System Modeling and Prediction Centre,China Meteorological Administration(CMA),Beijing 100081 State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather,Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences,China Meteorological Administration,Beijing 100081%CMA Earth System Modeling and Prediction Centre,China Meteorological Administration(CMA),Beijing 100081
Schlagworte:	Algorithms Atmospheric circulation Atmospheric Protection/Air Quality Control/Air Pollution Atmospheric Sciences Earth and Environmental Science Earth Sciences Geophysics and Environmental Physics Meteorology Original Paper Weather forecasting China Meteorological Administration global forecast system (CMA-GFS) predictor–corrector Global/Regional Assimilation and Prediction System (GRAPES) three-dimensional (3D) reference profile three-dimensional(3D)reference profile Global/Regional Assimilation and Prediction System(GRAPES) predictor-corrector China Meteorological Administration global forecast system(CMA-GFS)
ISSN:	2095-6037, 2198-0934
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Abstract	The operational numerical weather prediction system established by the China Meteorological Administration (CMA), based on the Global/Regional Assimilation and Prediction System (GRAPES) model, adopts the classical semi-implicit semi-Lagrangian (SISL) time integration algorithm. This paper describes a major upgrade to the dynamical core of the CMA global forecast system (CMA-GFS), which was successfully incorporated into operation in 2020. In the upgrade, the classical SISL is further developed into a predictor–corrector scheme, a three-dimensional (3D) reference profile instead of the original isothermal reference profile is applied when implementing the semi-implicit algorithm, and a hybrid terrain-following vertical coordinate system is also applied. The new version of the dynamical core greatly improves the model performance, the time integration reaches second-order accuracy, the time step can be extended by 50%, and the efficiency is greatly improved (by approximately 30%). Atmospheric circulation simulation is systematically improved, and deviations in temperature, wind, and humidity are reduced. The new version of the dynamical core provides a solid foundation for further development of the entire operational system of the CMA.
AbstractList	The operational numerical weather prediction system established by the China Meteorological Administration (CMA), based on the Global/Regional Assimilation and Prediction System (GRAPES) model, adopts the classical semi-implicit semi-Lagrangian (SISL) time integration algorithm. This paper describes a major upgrade to the dynamical core of the CMA global forecast system (CMA-GFS), which was successfully incorporated into operation in 2020. In the upgrade, the classical SISL is further developed into a predictor–corrector scheme, a three-dimensional (3D) reference profile instead of the original isothermal reference profile is applied when implementing the semi-implicit algorithm, and a hybrid terrain-following vertical coordinate system is also applied. The new version of the dynamical core greatly improves the model performance, the time integration reaches second-order accuracy, the time step can be extended by 50%, and the efficiency is greatly improved (by approximately 30%). Atmospheric circulation simulation is systematically improved, and deviations in temperature, wind, and humidity are reduced. The new version of the dynamical core provides a solid foundation for further development of the entire operational system of the CMA. The operational numerical weather prediction system established by the China Meteorological Administration(CMA),based on the Global/Regional Assimilation and Prediction System(GRAPES)model,adopts the classical semi-implicit semi-Lagrangian(SISL)time integration algorithm.This paper describes a major upgrade to the dy-namical core of the CMA global forecast system(CMA-GFS),which was successfully incorporated into operation in 2020.In the upgrade,the classical SISL is further developed into a predictor-corrector scheme,a three-dimensional(3D)reference profile instead of the original isothermal reference profile is applied when implementing the semi-im-plicit algorithm,and a hybrid terrain-following vertical coordinate system is also applied.The new version of the dy-namical core greatly improves the model performance,the time integration reaches second-order accuracy,the time step can be extended by 50%,and the efficiency is greatly improved(by approximately 30%).Atmospheric circula-tion simulation is systematically improved,and deviations in temperature,wind,and humidity are reduced.The new version of the dynamical core provides a solid foundation for further development of the entire operational system of the CMA.
Author	Zhang, Hongliang Su, Yong Hu, Jianglin Shen, Xueshun
AuthorAffiliation	CMA Earth System Modeling and Prediction Centre,China Meteorological Administration(CMA),Beijing 100081;State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather,Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences,China Meteorological Administration,Beijing 100081%CMA Earth System Modeling and Prediction Centre,China Meteorological Administration(CMA),Beijing 100081
AuthorAffiliation_xml	– name: CMA Earth System Modeling and Prediction Centre,China Meteorological Administration(CMA),Beijing 100081;State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather,Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences,China Meteorological Administration,Beijing 100081%CMA Earth System Modeling and Prediction Centre,China Meteorological Administration(CMA),Beijing 100081
Author_xml	– sequence: 1 givenname: Xueshun surname: Shen fullname: Shen, Xueshun email: shenxs@cma.gov.cn organization: CMA Earth System Modeling and Prediction Centre, China Meteorological Administration (CMA), State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather, Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, China Meteorological Administration – sequence: 2 givenname: Yong surname: Su fullname: Su, Yong organization: CMA Earth System Modeling and Prediction Centre, China Meteorological Administration (CMA) – sequence: 3 givenname: Hongliang surname: Zhang fullname: Zhang, Hongliang organization: CMA Earth System Modeling and Prediction Centre, China Meteorological Administration (CMA) – sequence: 4 givenname: Jianglin surname: Hu fullname: Hu, Jianglin organization: CMA Earth System Modeling and Prediction Centre, China Meteorological Administration (CMA)
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Copyright	The Chinese Meteorological Society and Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2023 The Chinese Meteorological Society and Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2023. Copyright © Wanfang Data Co. Ltd. All Rights Reserved.
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Keywords	China Meteorological Administration global forecast system (CMA-GFS) predictor–corrector Global/Regional Assimilation and Prediction System (GRAPES) three-dimensional (3D) reference profile three-dimensional(3D)reference profile Global/Regional Assimilation and Prediction System(GRAPES) predictor-corrector China Meteorological Administration global forecast system(CMA-GFS)
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SubjectTerms	Algorithms Atmospheric circulation Atmospheric Protection/Air Quality Control/Air Pollution Atmospheric Sciences Earth and Environmental Science Earth Sciences Geophysics and Environmental Physics Meteorology Original Paper Weather forecasting
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Title	New Version of the CMA-GFS Dynamical Core Based on the Predictor–Corrector Time Integration Scheme
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