Embedding Polychrony into Synchrony

This paper presents an embedding of polychronous programs into synchronous ones. Due to this embedding, it is not only possible to deepen the understanding of these different models of computation, but, more importantly, it is possible to transfer compilation techniques that were developed for synch...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Published in:IEEE transactions on software engineering Vol. 39; no. 7; pp. 917 - 929
Main Authors: Brandt, J., Gemunde, M., Schneider, K., Shukla, S. K., Talpin, J-P
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: New York IEEE 01.07.2013
IEEE Computer Society
Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers
Subjects:
Asynchronous
Clocks
Computation
Computation and Language
Computational modeling
Computer Science
Computer simulation
Control systems
Embedded systems
Fertilization
Hardware
Input output
Mathematical models
Model-driven embedded software
Names
polychronous programming
Programming languages
programming models
Specifications
Studies
Synchronization
Synchronous
synchronous guarded commands
synchronous programming
synchrony hypothesis
Unified modeling language
ISSN:0098-5589, 1939-3520
Online Access:Get full text
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
Abstract This paper presents an embedding of polychronous programs into synchronous ones. Due to this embedding, it is not only possible to deepen the understanding of these different models of computation, but, more importantly, it is possible to transfer compilation techniques that were developed for synchronous programs to polychronous programs. This transfer is nontrivial because the underlying paradigms differ more than their names suggest: Since synchronous systems react deterministically to given inputs in discrete steps, they are typically used to describe reactive systems with a totally ordered notion of time. In contrast, polychronous system models entail a partially ordered notion of time, and are most suited to interface a system with an asynchronous environment by specifying input/output constraints from which a deterministic controller may eventually be refined and synthesized. As particular examples for the mentioned cross fertilization, we show how a simulator and a verification backend for synchronous programs can be made available to polychronous specifications, which is a first step toward integrating heterogeneous models of computation.
AbstractList This article presents an embedding of polychronous programs into synchronous ones. Due to this embedding, it is not only possible to deepen the understanding of these different models of computation but more importantly, it is possible to transfer compilation techniques that were developed for synchronous programs to polychronous programs. This transfer is nontrivial because the underlying paradigms differ more than their names suggest: since synchronous systems react deterministically to given inputs in discrete steps, they are typically used to describe reactive systems with a totally ordered notion of time. In contrast, polychronous system models entail a partially ordered notion of time, and are most suited to interface a system with an asynchronous environment by specifying input/output constraints from which a deterministic controller may eventually be refined and synthesized. As particular examples for the mentioned crossfertilization, we show how a simulator and a verification backend for synchronous programs can be made available to polychronous specifications, which is a first step towards integrating heterogeneous models of computation.
This paper presents an embedding of polychronous programs into synchronous ones. Due to this embedding, it is not only possible to deepen the understanding of these different models of computation, but, more importantly, it is possible to transfer compilation techniques that were developed for synchronous programs to polychronous programs. This transfer is nontrivial because the underlying paradigms differ more than their names suggest: Since synchronous systems react deterministically to given inputs in discrete steps, they are typically used to describe reactive systems with a totally ordered notion of time. In contrast, polychronous system models entail a partially ordered notion of time, and are most suited to interface a system with an asynchronous environment by specifying input/output constraints from which a deterministic controller may eventually be refined and synthesized. As particular examples for the mentioned cross fertilization, we show how a simulator and a verification backend for synchronous programs can be made available to polychronous specifications, which is a first step toward integrating heterogeneous models of computation. [PUBLICATION ABSTRACT]
This paper presents an embedding of polychronous programs into synchronous ones. Due to this embedding, it is not only possible to deepen the understanding of these different models of computation, but, more importantly, it is possible to transfer compilation techniques that were developed for synchronous programs to polychronous programs. This transfer is nontrivial because the underlying paradigms differ more than their names suggest: Since synchronous systems react deterministically to given inputs in discrete steps, they are typically used to describe reactive systems with a totally ordered notion of time. In contrast, polychronous system models entail a partially ordered notion of time, and are most suited to interface a system with an asynchronous environment by specifying input/output constraints from which a deterministic controller may eventually be refined and synthesized. As particular examples for the mentioned cross fertilization, we show how a simulator and a verification backend for synchronous programs can be made available to polychronous specifications, which is a first step toward integrating heterogeneous models of computation.
Author Schneider, K.
Talpin, J-P
Brandt, J.
Gemunde, M.
Shukla, S. K.
Author_xml – sequence: 1
  givenname: J.
  surname: Brandt
  fullname: Brandt, J.
  email: brandt@cs.uni-kl.de
  organization: Dept. of Comput. Sci., Univ. of Kaiserslautern, Kaiserslautern, Germany
– sequence: 2
  givenname: M.
  surname: Gemunde
  fullname: Gemunde, M.
  email: gemuende@cs.uni-kl.de
  organization: Dept. of Comput. Sci., Univ. of Kaiserslautern, Kaiserslautern, Germany
– sequence: 3
  givenname: K.
  surname: Schneider
  fullname: Schneider, K.
  email: klaus.schneider@cs.uni-kl.de
  organization: Dept. of Comput. Sci., Univ. of Kaiserslautern, Kaiserslautern, Germany
– sequence: 4
  givenname: S. K.
  surname: Shukla
  fullname: Shukla, S. K.
  email: shukla@vt.edu
  organization: Hume Center for Nat. Security & Technol., Virginia Tech Arlington Res. Center, Arlington, VA, USA
– sequence: 5
  givenname: J-P
  surname: Talpin
  fullname: Talpin, J-P
  email: talpin@irisa.fr
  organization: IRISA, INRIA Rennes - Bretagne-Atlantique, Rennes, France
BackLink https://inria.hal.science/hal-00763317$$DView record in HAL
BookMark eNpt0E1LwzAYB_AgCm7Tk0cvg10U6XyevDTNUWQ6YaDgPIc0yVykS7TthH17O6oexFNI-D0v-Q_JYUzRE3KGMEUEdb18nk0pIJ0W4oAMUDGVMUHhkAwAVJEJUahjMmyaNwAQUooBmcw2pXcuxNfxU6p2dl2nuBuH2Kbx8y721xNytDJV40-_zxF5uZstb-fZ4vH-4fZmkVnGizYTXJSAhvucKiw5dpNLw5yXDh0IDsBW4CTzQua8AOotW5WWM2cFy62Tjo3IZd93bSr9XoeNqXc6maDnNwu9fwOQOWMoP7GzF719r9PH1jet3oTG-qoy0adto5GjVEiBqo5O_tC3tK1j9xONTCkJRU55p7BXtk5NU_uVtqE1bUixrU2oNILeR6y7iPU-Yl2IrubqT83P1v_r814H7_2vzFmBnAL7Ap3mg5g
CODEN IESEDJ
CitedBy_id crossref_primary_10_1016_j_scico_2014_04_009
crossref_primary_10_1007_s11704_017_6485_y
Cites_doi 10.1007/3-540-45653-8_3
10.1016/j.entcs.2006.02.028
10.1006/inco.2000.9999
10.1007/bfb0014318
10.1145/1065910.1065919
10.1007/978-1-4613-9668-0_6
10.1109/43.736561
10.7551/mitpress/5641.003.0021
10.1145/1023833.1023859
10.1109/5.97301
10.1007/bf02811340
10.1145/235321.235322
10.1145/1217295.1217298
10.1109/5.381846
10.1007/978-1-4757-2231-4
10.1109/ACSD.2006.24
10.1109/DATE.2003.1186386
10.1007/978-0-387-68612-7
10.1109/CSD.2001.981772
10.1007/BFb0031993
10.1016/0304-3975(83)90114-7
10.1007/3-540-45685-6_21
10.1155/2008/594129
10.1109/43.766725
10.1109/JPROC.2002.805826
10.1007/3-540-61474-5_86
10.1109/MEMCOD.2005.1487884
10.1007/3-540-57529-4_44
10.1007/3-540-44798-9_10
10.1007/978-1-4419-0941-1
10.1142/S0218126603000763
10.1109/ASPDAC.2010.5419925
10.1007/3-540-45828-X_18
10.1007/978-1-4419-6400-7_1
ContentType Journal Article
Copyright Copyright IEEE Computer Society Jul 2013
Distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License
Copyright_xml – notice: Copyright IEEE Computer Society Jul 2013
– notice: Distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License
DBID 97E
RIA
RIE
AAYXX
CITATION
JQ2
K9.
7SC
7SP
8FD
F28
FR3
L7M
L~C
L~D
1XC
VOOES
DOI 10.1109/TSE.2012.85
DatabaseName IEEE All-Society Periodicals Package (ASPP) 2005–Present
IEEE All-Society Periodicals Package (ASPP) 1998-Present
IEEE Electronic Library (IEL)
CrossRef
ProQuest Computer Science Collection
ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)
Computer and Information Systems Abstracts
Electronics & Communications Abstracts
Technology Research Database
ANTE: Abstracts in New Technology & Engineering
Engineering Research Database
Advanced Technologies Database with Aerospace
Computer and Information Systems Abstracts – Academic
Computer and Information Systems Abstracts Professional
Hyper Article en Ligne (HAL)
Hyper Article en Ligne (HAL) (Open Access)
DatabaseTitle CrossRef
ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)
ProQuest Computer Science Collection
Technology Research Database
Computer and Information Systems Abstracts – Academic
Electronics & Communications Abstracts
Computer and Information Systems Abstracts
Engineering Research Database
Advanced Technologies Database with Aerospace
ANTE: Abstracts in New Technology & Engineering
Computer and Information Systems Abstracts Professional
DatabaseTitleList
ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)
Technology Research Database
Database_xml – sequence: 1
  dbid: RIE
  name: IEEE Electronic Library (IEL)
  url: https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/
  sourceTypes: Publisher
DeliveryMethod fulltext_linktorsrc
Discipline Computer Science
EISSN 1939-3520
EndPage 929
ExternalDocumentID oai:HAL:hal-00763317v1
3018556211
10_1109_TSE_2012_85
6381420
Genre orig-research
Feature
GroupedDBID --Z
-DZ
-~X
.4S
.DC
0R~
29I
3EH
4.4
5GY
5VS
6IK
7WY
7X7
85S
88E
88I
8FE
8FG
8FI
8FJ
8FL
8G5
8R4
8R5
97E
9M8
AAJGR
AARMG
AASAJ
AAWTH
ABAZT
ABFSI
ABJCF
ABPPZ
ABQJQ
ABUWG
ABVLG
ACGFO
ACGOD
ACIWK
ACNCT
ADBBV
AENEX
AETIX
AFKRA
AGQYO
AGSQL
AHBIQ
AI.
AIBXA
AKJIK
AKQYR
ALLEH
ALMA_UNASSIGNED_HOLDINGS
ARAPS
ARCSS
ASUFR
ATWAV
AZQEC
BEFXN
BENPR
BEZIV
BFFAM
BGLVJ
BGNUA
BKEBE
BKOMP
BPEOZ
BPHCQ
BVXVI
CCPQU
CS3
DU5
DWQXO
E.L
EBS
EDO
EJD
FRNLG
FYUFA
GNUQQ
GROUPED_ABI_INFORM_RESEARCH
GUQSH
HCIFZ
HMCUK
HZ~
H~9
I-F
IBMZZ
ICLAB
IEDLZ
IFIPE
IFJZH
IPLJI
ITG
ITH
JAVBF
K60
K6V
K6~
K7-
L6V
LAI
M0C
M1P
M1Q
M2O
M2P
M43
M7S
MS~
O9-
OCL
OHT
P2P
P62
PHGZM
PHGZT
PJZUB
PPXIY
PQBIZ
PQBZA
PQGLB
PQQKQ
PROAC
PSQYO
PTHSS
PUEGO
Q2X
RIA
RIE
RNI
RNS
RXW
RZB
S10
TAE
TN5
TWZ
UHB
UKHRP
UPT
UQL
VH1
WH7
XOL
YYP
YZZ
ZCG
AAYXX
AFFHD
CITATION
JQ2
K9.
7SC
7SP
8FD
F28
FR3
L7M
L~C
L~D
1XC
VOOES
ID FETCH-LOGICAL-c348t-545b01a4e6291b41352ba3de7d1d054003f0d73e5764802ec3fbc43dc536cd7d3
IEDL.DBID RIE
ISICitedReferencesCount 1
ISICitedReferencesURI http://www.webofscience.com/api/gateway?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=Summon&SrcAuth=ProQuest&DestLinkType=CitingArticles&DestApp=WOS_CPL&KeyUT=000321125200003&url=https%3A%2F%2Fcvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com%2F%23%21%2Fsearch%3Fho%3Df%26include.ft.matches%3Dt%26l%3Dnull%26q%3D
ISSN 0098-5589
IngestDate Tue Oct 14 20:52:23 EDT 2025
Sat Sep 27 18:01:28 EDT 2025
Sun Nov 30 04:46:18 EST 2025
Tue Nov 18 21:05:10 EST 2025
Sat Nov 29 08:11:33 EST 2025
Wed Aug 27 02:47:44 EDT 2025
IsDoiOpenAccess true
IsOpenAccess true
IsPeerReviewed true
IsScholarly true
Issue 7
Language English
License https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/Xplorehelp/downloads/license-information/IEEE.html
Distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
LinkModel DirectLink
MergedId FETCHMERGED-LOGICAL-c348t-545b01a4e6291b41352ba3de7d1d054003f0d73e5764802ec3fbc43dc536cd7d3
Notes SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1
ObjectType-Feature-1
content type line 14
ObjectType-Article-2
content type line 23
ORCID 0000-0002-0556-4265
OpenAccessLink https://inria.hal.science/hal-00763317
PQID 1399708624
PQPubID 21418
PageCount 13
ParticipantIDs hal_primary_oai_HAL_hal_00763317v1
ieee_primary_6381420
crossref_citationtrail_10_1109_TSE_2012_85
crossref_primary_10_1109_TSE_2012_85
proquest_miscellaneous_1417912029
proquest_journals_1399708624
PublicationCentury 2000
PublicationDate 2013-07-01
PublicationDateYYYYMMDD 2013-07-01
PublicationDate_xml – month: 07
  year: 2013
  text: 2013-07-01
  day: 01
PublicationDecade 2010
PublicationPlace New York
PublicationPlace_xml – name: New York
PublicationTitle IEEE transactions on software engineering
PublicationTitleAbbrev TSE
PublicationYear 2013
Publisher IEEE
IEEE Computer Society
Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers
Publisher_xml – name: IEEE
– name: IEEE Computer Society
– name: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers
References ref13
ref12
ref34
ref15
ref37
ref14
ref36
Brandt (ref11) 2011
ref30
ref32
Brandt (ref10) 2007
ref2
(ref33) 2008
ref1
ref17
ref16
ref38
ref19
ref18
Schneider (ref39) 2009
ref24
Milner (ref31) 1981
ref26
ref20
Järvinen (ref25) 1990
ref42
ref41
ref22
ref21
ref28
ref27
ref29
ref8
ref7
Jantsch (ref23) 2004
ref9
ref4
ref3
ref6
ref5
ref40
Schneider (ref35)
References_xml – year: 1981
  ident: ref31
  article-title: On Relating Synchrony and Asynchrony
– ident: ref37
  doi: 10.1007/3-540-45653-8_3
– ident: ref41
  doi: 10.1016/j.entcs.2006.02.028
– ident: ref1
  doi: 10.1006/inco.2000.9999
– ident: ref6
  doi: 10.1007/bfb0014318
– ident: ref42
  doi: 10.1145/1065910.1065919
– ident: ref13
  doi: 10.1007/978-1-4613-9668-0_6
– ident: ref29
  doi: 10.1109/43.736561
– ident: ref5
  doi: 10.7551/mitpress/5641.003.0021
– year: 2008
  ident: ref33
  article-title: Modeling and Analysis of Real-Time and Embedded Systems (MARTE)
– ident: ref40
  doi: 10.1145/1023833.1023859
– ident: ref26
  doi: 10.1109/5.97301
– ident: ref3
  doi: 10.1007/bf02811340
– ident: ref22
  doi: 10.1145/235321.235322
– ident: ref16
  doi: 10.1145/1217295.1217298
– ident: ref28
  doi: 10.1109/5.381846
– year: 2011
  ident: ref11
  article-title: Separate Translation of Synchronous Programs to Guarded Actions
– ident: ref18
  doi: 10.1007/978-1-4757-2231-4
– ident: ref21
  doi: 10.1109/ACSD.2006.24
– ident: ref30
  doi: 10.1109/DATE.2003.1186386
– start-page: 205
  volume-title: Proc. Int’l Workshop Distributed and Parallel Embedded Systems
  ident: ref35
  article-title: A Verified Hardware Synthesis for Esterel
– ident: ref12
  doi: 10.1007/978-0-387-68612-7
– ident: ref36
  doi: 10.1109/CSD.2001.981772
– ident: ref34
  doi: 10.1007/BFb0031993
– ident: ref32
  doi: 10.1016/0304-3975(83)90114-7
– year: 2009
  ident: ref39
  article-title: The Synchronous Programming Language Quartz
– year: 1990
  ident: ref25
  article-title: The DisCo Language and Temporal Logic of Actions
– ident: ref38
  doi: 10.1007/3-540-45685-6_21
– ident: ref9
  doi: 10.1155/2008/594129
– start-page: 98
  year: 2007
  ident: ref10
  article-title: How Different Are Esterel and SystemC?
  publication-title: Forum on Specification and Design Languages, Electronic Chips and Systems Design Initiative
– ident: ref17
  doi: 10.1109/43.766725
– ident: ref2
  doi: 10.1109/JPROC.2002.805826
– ident: ref14
  doi: 10.1007/3-540-61474-5_86
– ident: ref19
  doi: 10.1109/MEMCOD.2005.1487884
– ident: ref4
  doi: 10.1007/3-540-57529-4_44
– ident: ref7
  doi: 10.1007/3-540-44798-9_10
– ident: ref15
  doi: 10.1007/978-1-4419-0941-1
– year: 2004
  ident: ref23
  publication-title: Modeling Embedded Systems and SoCs
– ident: ref27
  doi: 10.1142/S0218126603000763
– ident: ref24
  doi: 10.1109/ASPDAC.2010.5419925
– ident: ref20
  doi: 10.1007/3-540-45828-X_18
– ident: ref8
  doi: 10.1007/978-1-4419-6400-7_1
SSID ssj0005775
ssib053395008
Score 2.1156929
Snippet This paper presents an embedding of polychronous programs into synchronous ones. Due to this embedding, it is not only possible to deepen the understanding of...
This article presents an embedding of polychronous programs into synchronous ones. Due to this embedding, it is not only possible to deepen the understanding...
SourceID hal
proquest
crossref
ieee
SourceType Open Access Repository
Aggregation Database
Enrichment Source
Index Database
Publisher
StartPage 917
SubjectTerms Asynchronous
Clocks
Computation
Computation and Language
Computational modeling
Computer Science
Computer simulation
Control systems
Embedded systems
Fertilization
Hardware
Input output
Mathematical models
Model-driven embedded software
Names
polychronous programming
Programming languages
programming models
Specifications
Studies
Synchronization
Synchronous
synchronous guarded commands
synchronous programming
synchrony hypothesis
Unified modeling language
Title Embedding Polychrony into Synchrony
URI https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/6381420
https://www.proquest.com/docview/1399708624
https://www.proquest.com/docview/1417912029
https://inria.hal.science/hal-00763317
Volume 39
WOSCitedRecordID wos000321125200003&url=https%3A%2F%2Fcvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com%2F%23%21%2Fsearch%3Fho%3Df%26include.ft.matches%3Dt%26l%3Dnull%26q%3D
hasFullText 1
inHoldings 1
isFullTextHit
isPrint
journalDatabaseRights – providerCode: PRVIEE
  databaseName: IEEE Electronic Library (IEL)
  customDbUrl:
  eissn: 1939-3520
  dateEnd: 99991231
  omitProxy: false
  ssIdentifier: ssj0005775
  issn: 0098-5589
  databaseCode: RIE
  dateStart: 19750101
  isFulltext: true
  titleUrlDefault: https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/
  providerName: IEEE
link http://cvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwlV1LS8QwEB7WxYMX1yeuL-rjJFab16Y5iqx4kEXwgbfSJikKayv7Av-9M91uFfTirU2HUr5kMt90JjMAp0LF3nveC3PcIEPZ4ynFd3kolcFxJhmvilU_3-nBIH55MfctOG_OwqBElXzmL-iyiuW70k7pV9klrhUmOTroS1rr-Vmt73QOrdWiPqZSsanP4rHIXD4-9CmHi19Qw-Qf1mfplXIfq6Yqv3biyrzcdP73YWuwWtPI4Go-7-vQ8sUGdBYtGoJaYzfhpP-eeUf2Kbgvh7jXjdDbD96KSRk8fBbz2y14uuk_Xt-GdV-E0AoZT0IkPVnEUul73LAMrZDiWSqc1445YmCRyCOnhUdXQsYR91bkmZXCWSV61mkntqFdlIXfgcCmOs-RdTgrM-mQjehM5Q6hFE4aaVUXzhZ4JbYuGk69K4ZJ5TxEJkFwEwI3iVH4tBH-mNfK-FvsGIFvJKi-9e3VXUJjFBcUyGhmrAubBHMjVSPchf3FPCW1so0TJLFGk2smu3DUPEY1odhHWvhyijLUaY3xiJvdv9-8Byu86nRBmbj70J6Mpv4Alu1s8jYeHVZr7QtPPM9Y
linkProvider IEEE
linkToHtml http://cvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwlV3dS9xAEB_UCvqi9QvPjzZVn4rR7Ndt9lHKyRWvh-BZfFuS3Q0VbCLnneB_70wulwr1xbdkM4Tw252d32RmZwBOhEpDCLwbF7hBxrLLM4rv8lgqg-NMMl4Xq_490MNhendnrhfgtD0LgxJ18lk4o8s6lu8rN6VfZee4Vpjk6KB_UlJyNjut9S-hQ2s1r5CpVGqa03gsMeejmx5lcfEzapn8xv4s_qHsx7qtyn97cW1gLtc_9mmfYa0hktHFbOY3YCGUm7A-b9IQNTq7Bce9v3nwZKGi6-oBd7sx-vvRfTmpopuXcna7DbeXvdGPftx0RoidkOkkRtqTJyyTocsNy9EOKZ5nwgftmScOlogi8VoEdCZkmvDgRJE7KbxTouu89mIHlsqqDLsQuUwXBfIO72QuPfIRnavCI5TCSyOd6sD3OV7WNWXDqXvFg63dh8RYBNcSuDZF4ZNW-HFWLeN9sSMEvpWgCtf9i4GlMYoMCuQ0z6wDWwRzK9Ug3IGD-TzZRt2eLNJYo8k5kx341j5GRaHoR1aGaooy1GuN8YSbvfff_BVW-qNfAzv4Obzah1Ve972gvNwDWJqMp-EQlt3z5P5p_KVed69B4dKf
openUrl ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info%3Aofi%2Fenc%3AUTF-8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsummon.serialssolutions.com&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Embedding+Polychrony+into+Synchrony&rft.jtitle=IEEE+transactions+on+software+engineering&rft.au=Brandt%2C+Jens&rft.au=Gemunde%2C+Mike&rft.au=Schneider%2C+Klaus&rft.au=Shukla%2C+Sandeep+K&rft.date=2013-07-01&rft.pub=IEEE+Computer+Society&rft.issn=0098-5589&rft.eissn=1939-3520&rft.volume=39&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=917&rft_id=info:doi/10.1109%2FTSE.2012.85&rft.externalDBID=NO_FULL_TEXT&rft.externalDocID=3018556211
thumbnail_l http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/lc.gif&issn=0098-5589&client=summon
thumbnail_m http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/mc.gif&issn=0098-5589&client=summon
thumbnail_s http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/sc.gif&issn=0098-5589&client=summon